FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA-L[INGUA INGLESA - VESTIBULAR 1º SEMESTRE-Escola de Economia da Fundação Getúlio Getúlio Vargas - Prova com gabarito.

Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: FGV-EESP-VESTIBULAR-2011, aplicada em 05/12/2010.

➧ BANCA/ORGANIZADOR:

➧ PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA: 15 questões do tipo (A,B,C,D,E).

➧ GABARITO:

01-D,  02-A,  03-E,  04-C,  05-B

06-D,  07-C,  08-A,  09-E,  10-B

11-D,  12-C,  13-A,  14-E,  15-B

TEXTO 1 - Instrução: Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 14 a 15.

Brazil to eliminate extreme poverty by 2016

July 14, 2010.

Brazil will wipe out extreme poverty and cut the poverty rate to four percent by 2016, said a study released Tuesday by the country’s Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA).

According to the IPEA, 10.5 percent of the country’s population are now considered as extremely poor, while 28.8 percent as poor. The poor families have a monthly per capita income of 255 reais (145 U.S. dollars), just half the minimum wage, while the extremely poor families have merely a quarter of the minimum wage, or 127.5 reais (72.85 U.S. dollars).

Poverty in Brazil has been on a fast decline in recent years.

According to the IPEA, between 1955-2008, 12.8 million Brazilians were lifted out of poverty, while another 12.1 million were pulled out of extreme poverty. The figures represent a 33.6 percent fall in poverty rate and an almost 50 percent drop in extreme poverty rate.

Based on the Lula administration’s poverty reduction pace since it took office in 2003, the IPEA now estimates that extreme poverty may disappear in the country by 2016. The IPEA predicts that by 2012, extreme poverty will be wiped out in the states of Santa Catarina and Parana, both in the southern region. By 2014, extreme poverty will be eliminated in other five states.

Source: Xinhua

(http://english.peopledaily.com.cn. Adaptado.)

01 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

The study released by IPEA shows that

(A) slightly less than a third of Brazil’s population may be considered as extremely poor and poor.
(B) people who earn the minimum wage are considered poor, although their earnings are very low.
(C) extremely poor families get a monthly income of 127.5 reais altogether, but families in this condition are rising sharply.
(D) there was an almost 50% reduction in extreme poverty rate, which represents 12.1 million people, in over 50-year span.
(E) southern states are more developed in Brazil and this explains why poverty will be eliminated by 2016 there.

02 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

According to the text, IPEA forecasts that

(A) in six year’s time the poverty rate might come to only four percent in Brazil.
(B) there should be a 33.6% reduction in poverty rate due to Lula’s poverty reduction program.
(C) the present poverty reduction plan targets five states in the northern region by 2014.
(D) there might be further poverty reduction initiatives so that it will be eliminated in four years.

(E) seven states in Brazil will wipe out poverty by 2014.

03 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

In

the sentence of the first paragraph – According to the IPEA, 10.5 percent of the country’s population are now considered as extremely poor, while 28.8 percent as poor.

the word while may be replaced, without changes in meaning, by

(A) where.
(B) than.
(C) whenever.
(D) whichever.
(E) whereas.

04 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

No trecho do segundo parágrafo

The figures represent a 33.6 percent fall in poverty rate and an almost 50 percent drop in extreme poverty rate.

a palavra figures refere-se

(A) a figuras do estudo do IPEA.
(B) às datas entre 1955 e 2008.
(C) a 12,8 e 12,1 milhões de brasileiros.
(D) às taxas de 33,6% e 50%.
(E) a gráficos de redução de pobreza e de extrema pobreza até 2016.

TEXTO 2:

Instrução: Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 05 a 10.

South America’s giant comes of age

By John Paul Rathbone
June 28, 2010.

If the rise of Brazil was cast as a childhood story rather than a dry economics tract, the fable might go something like this. Once upon a time, there was a skinny boy who was bullied at school. Every time there was a fight in the playground, he seemed to end up as the punchbag. The boy rarely complained, even though his sorry state did not match the glorious fate about which he often daydreamed. That just seemed to be the way things were.

One day, a new teacher arrived, bringing with him some new games for the classroom. These playthings distracted the big boys, and the fighting stopped. The skinny boy used the calm to do exercises, recommended by his canny stepmother, who also fed him a special soup to make him strong.

All good things come to end, however. The games broke, as they always do, and tempers flared again in the playground. This time, however, the big boys no longer bullied the skinny boy. He had become lean and fit, while they had grown fat and clumsy. Instead of pushing him around, they even seemed to look up to him. Standing in the school yard, blinking in the sun, the boy revelled in his new status. Would it last? He wanted to make sure it would.

The skinny boy is, of course, Brazil. His bullies are the financial markets of developed economies, the new games are the soothing palliative of the noughties credit boom, and the latest school-ground fight is the global financial crisis. His stepmother is China, the special soup he ate the commodity boom that has boosted Brazil’s economy, and his exercises represent the macroeconomic stabilisation policies Brazil put in place in the mid-1990s. The result, in this simple tale first told by Brazilian commentator Ricardo Amorim, is the new Brazil: a slightly gangly adolescent, standing tall amid the world community, not fully grown into its new stature but confident and eager to make its mark.

(www.ft.com. Adaptado.)

05 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

The fable presented in the text

(A) shows that rough boys always become clumsy and fat in the end.
(B) resembles a story of the ugly duckling that turned out to be a swan.
(C) doubts if it is important to be lean and fit to become fearless.
(D) assures that the skinny boy will keep his newly acquired status forever.
(E) demonstrates that government investments should be geared towards food and education.

• ANSWER (B)

- The fable presented in the text
(A) shows that rough boys always become clumsy and fat in the end.

(mostra que meninos rudes sempre se tornam desajeitados e gordos no final.)

(B) resembles a story of the ugly duckling that turned out to be a swan.

(lembra a história do patinho feio que acabou por ser um cisne.)

(C) doubts if it is important to be lean and fit to become fearless.

(duvida se é importante ser magro e apto para não ter medo.)

(D) assures that the skinny boy will keep his newly acquired status forever.

(garante que o menino magrinho manterá seu status recém-adquirido para sempre.)

(E) demonstrates that government investments should be geared towards food and education.

(demonstra que os investimentos governamentais devem ser direcionados para alimentação e educação.)

06 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

According to the text, Brazil’s antagonists when it was compared to a skinny boy were

(A) the new games played by the big boys.
(B) global financial crisis.
(C) the noughties credit boom.
(D) financial markets of developed economies.
(E) macroeconomic stabilization policies.

07 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

Conforme o texto, um dos fatores que propiciou o crescimento do Brasil perante o mundo foi:

(A) O Brasil fez parte da expansão de crédito dos países ricos.
(B) A polícia brasileira ajudou a estabilizar as tensões nos anos 90.
(C) O Brasil impulsionou sua economia aproveitando a demanda de commodities.
(D) Os políticos aprovaram um plano macroeconômico que agradou aos mercados internacionais.
(E) A crise financeira global atingiu os mercados de crédito despreparados.

08 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

No trecho do terceiro parágrafo

Instead of pushing him around, they even seemed to look up to him.

a palavra instead indica a ideia de

(A) substituição.
(B) ênfase.
(C) adversidade.
(D) conclusão.
(E) condição.

09 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

In the excerpt from the last paragraph

 – a slightly gangly adolescent, standing tall amid the world community, not fully grown into its new stature but confident and eager to make its mark. – 

may be understood as the following:

(A) Brazil is still the skinny boy that has grown tall.
(B) The size of Brazil as well as its population is an asset in the world market.
(C) The adolescent character of Brazilian people is a plus because they can change direction when needed.
(D) The lack of confidence made Brazil be less accepted by the developed countries.
(E) Brazil has the means to step into the world stage and might develop further.

10 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

No trecho do primeiro parágrafo

the fable might go something like this.

a palavra this refere-se

(A) ao tratado econômico.
(B) à história que se segue até o final do terceiro parágrafo.
(C) ao crescimento do Brasil no cenário mundial.
(D) ao menino franzino que se transformou em adolescente.
(E) à comparação dos meninos briguentos com os países desenvolvidos.

TEXTO 3:

Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 11 a 15.

Global Tax Evasion

by Chris Prentice

Despite what many might argue, paying taxes is one of the cornerstones of a healthy economy. More and more citizens around the world are avoiding taxes by operating businesses off the data grid.

The boom in “shadow economies” leaves governments insufficient revenue to provide adequate public services, whether that means health care, roads, education, or even better tax collection. In fact, a new report estimates that in 2007, in 162 countries, an average of 35.5 percent of official gross domestic product slipped through the cracks — not counting any fruits from such illegal activities as drug dealing or organized crime.

Friedrich Schneider, an economics professor at Austria’s Johannes Kepler University of Linz and a co-author of the report, “Shadow Economies All Over the World: New Estimates for 162 Countries from 1999 to 2007” emphasizes that the study’s numbers refer only to the amount unpaid by individuals and businesses avoiding taxes or legal labor requirements.

The problem is on the rise __14__ in developed and developing nations. The worst offender is the former Soviet republic of Georgia, where an estimated 72.5 percent of GDP was untaxed in 2007. The U.S., while not immune to shadow economic problems, is the world’s __15__ affected country, with a mere 9.0 percent of legally derived GDP escaping the IRS that year.

(http://images.businessweek.com. Adaptado.)

11 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

Conforme o texto,

(A) a economia informal está sob a mira de uma investigação da polícia internacional.
(B) o tráfico de drogas é o negócio mais rentável da economia informal.
(C) os indivíduos que sonegam impostos são os que reclamam da má qualidade dos serviços públicos.
(D) nem todos concordam que os impostos são um dos fundamentos de uma economia saudável.
(E) cerca de 35,5% dos 162 países estudados apresentam um alto índice de evasão de impostos.

12 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

According to the text, the problem of tax evasion

(A) could be detected in one third of the countries studied.
(B) can be pinpointed when workers complain about their legal labor rights.
(C) is increasing globally through the rise of businesses that remain in the shadow economy.
(D) was first brought up by Mr. Schneider in his report in 2007.
(E) is unfair because those who avoid taxes benefit from public services.

13 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

No trecho do segundo parágrafo

an average of 35.5 percent of official gross domestic product slipped through the cracks 

a expressão slipped through the cracks tem sentido equivalente, em português, a

(A) escorreu pelo ralo.
(B) deu com os burros n’água.
(C) tanto bateu que levou.
(D) encontrou seu caminho.
(E) teve jogo de cintura.

Instrução:

Para responder às questões 14 e 15, assinale as alternativas que completam corretamente as respectivas lacunas no último parágrafo do texto.

14 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

(A) neither
(B) or
(C) so
(D) such
(E) both

15 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

(A) small
(B) least
(C) more
(D) many
(E) fewest