FGV/VESTIBULAR–2011.1–ECONOMIA–1º SEMESTRE–LÍNGUA INGLESA–GABARITO, TEXTOS TRADUZIDOS & AQUISIÇÃO DE VOCABULÁRIO.

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•  FGV/VESTIBULAR-2011.1-PROCESSO SELETIVO-1º SEMESTRE-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECONOMIA-SP.

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❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 15 MCQs (Multiple Choice Question) / 5 Options Each Question.

• Texto (1) – | Brazil to eliminate extreme poverty by 2016 | http://english.peopledaily.com.cn |
• Texto (2) – | South America’s giant comes of age | www.ft.com |
• Texto (3) – | Global Tax Evasion | http://images.businessweek.com |

PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO

❑ PROVA:

➧ GABARITO:

01-D,  02-A,  03-E,  04-C,  05-B

06-D,  07-C,  08-A,  09-E,  10-B

11-D,  12-C,  13-A,  14-E,  15-B

❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 1:

Brazil to eliminate extreme poverty by 2016

Brasil eliminará a pobreza extrema até 2016

[1º PARÁGRAFO]

Brazil will wipe out extreme poverty and cut the poverty rate to four percent by 2016, said a study released Tuesday by the country’s Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA).

[2º PARÁGRAFO]

According to the IPEA, 10.5 percent of the country’s population are now considered as extremely poor, while 28.8 percent as poor. The poor families have a monthly per capita income of 255 reais (145 U.S. dollars), just half the minimum wage, while the extremely poor families have merely a quarter of the minimum wage, or 127.5 reais (72.85 U.S. dollars).

[3º PARÁGRAFO]
Poverty in Brazil has been on a fast decline in recent years.

[4º PARÁGRAFO]

According to the IPEA, between 1955-2008, 12.8 million Brazilians were lifted out of poverty, while another 12.1 million were pulled out of extreme poverty. The figures represent a 33.6 percent fall in poverty rate and an almost 50 percent drop in extreme poverty rate.

[5º PARÁGRAFO]
Based on the Lula administration’s poverty reduction pace since it took office in 2003, the IPEA now estimates that extreme poverty may disappear in the country by 2016. The IPEA predicts that by 2012, extreme poverty will be wiped out in the states of Santa Catarina and Parana, both in the southern region. By 2014, extreme poverty will be eliminated in other five states.

Source: Xinhua

(http://english.peopledaily.com.cn. Adaptado.)

01 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

The study released by IPEA shows that(A) slightly less than a third of Brazil’s population may be considered as extremely poor and poor.

(B) people who earn the minimum wage are considered poor, although their earnings are very low.
(C) extremely poor families get a monthly income of 127.5 reais altogether, but families in this condition are rising sharply.
(D) there was an almost 50% reduction in extreme poverty rate, which represents 12.1 million people, in over 50-year span.
(E) southern states are more developed in Brazil and this explains why poverty will be eliminated by 2016 there.

02 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

According to the text, IPEA forecasts that

(A) in six year’s time the poverty rate might come to only four percent in Brazil.
(B) there should be a 33.6% reduction in poverty rate due to Lula’s poverty reduction program.
(C) the present poverty reduction plan targets five states in the northern region by 2014.
(D) there might be further poverty reduction initiatives so that it will be eliminated in four years.

(E) seven states in Brazil will wipe out poverty by 2014.

03 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

In

the sentence of the first paragraph – According to the IPEA, 10.5 percent of the country’s population are now considered as extremely poor, while 28.8 percent as poor.

the word while may be replaced, without changes in meaning, by

(A) where.
(B) than.
(C) whenever.
(D) whichever.
(E) whereas.

04 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

No trecho do segundo parágrafo

The figures represent a 33.6 percent fall in poverty rate and an almost 50 percent drop in extreme poverty rate.

a palavra figures refere-se

(A) a figuras do estudo do IPEA.
(B) às datas entre 1955 e 2008.
(C) a 12,8 e 12,1 milhões de brasileiros.
(D) às taxas de 33,6% e 50%.
(E) a gráficos de redução de pobreza e de extrema pobreza até 2016.

TEXTO 2:

Instrução: Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 05 a 10.

South America’s giant comes of age

By John Paul Rathbone
June 28, 2010.

If the rise of Brazil was cast as a childhood story rather than a dry economics tract, the fable might go something like this. Once upon a time, there was a skinny boy who was bullied at school. Every time there was a fight in the playground, he seemed to end up as the punchbag. The boy rarely complained, even though his sorry state did not match the glorious fate about which he often daydreamed. That just seemed to be the way things were.

One day, a new teacher arrived, bringing with him some new games for the classroom. These playthings distracted the big boys, and the fighting stopped. The skinny boy used the calm to do exercises, recommended by his canny stepmother, who also fed him a special soup to make him strong.

All good things come to end, however. The games broke, as they always do, and tempers flared again in the playground. This time, however, the big boys no longer bullied the skinny boy. He had become lean and fit, while they had grown fat and clumsy. Instead of pushing him around, they even seemed to look up to him. Standing in the school yard, blinking in the sun, the boy revelled in his new status. Would it last? He wanted to make sure it would.

The skinny boy is, of course, Brazil. His bullies are the financial markets of developed economies, the new games are the soothing palliative of the noughties credit boom, and the latest school-ground fight is the global financial crisis. His stepmother is China, the special soup he ate the commodity boom that has boosted Brazil’s economy, and his exercises represent the macroeconomic stabilisation policies Brazil put in place in the mid-1990s. The result, in this simple tale first told by Brazilian commentator Ricardo Amorim, is the new Brazil: a slightly gangly adolescent, standing tall amid the world community, not fully grown into its new stature but confident and eager to make its mark.

(www.ft.com. Adaptado.)

05 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

The fable presented in the text

(A) shows that rough boys always become clumsy and fat in the end.
(B) resembles a story of the ugly duckling that turned out to be a swan.
(C) doubts if it is important to be lean and fit to become fearless.
(D) assures that the skinny boy will keep his newly acquired status forever.
(E) demonstrates that government investments should be geared towards food and education.

• ANSWER (B)

- The fable presented in the text
(A) shows that rough boys always become clumsy and fat in the end.

(mostra que meninos rudes sempre se tornam desajeitados e gordos no final.)

(B) resembles a story of the ugly duckling that turned out to be a swan.

(lembra a história do patinho feio que acabou por ser um cisne.)

(C) doubts if it is important to be lean and fit to become fearless.

(duvida se é importante ser magro e apto para não ter medo.)

(D) assures that the skinny boy will keep his newly acquired status forever.

(garante que o menino magrinho manterá seu status recém-adquirido para sempre.)

(E) demonstrates that government investments should be geared towards food and education.

(demonstra que os investimentos governamentais devem ser direcionados para alimentação e educação.)

06 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

According to the text, Brazil’s antagonists when it was compared to a skinny boy were

(A) the new games played by the big boys.
(B) global financial crisis.
(C) the noughties credit boom.
(D) financial markets of developed economies.
(E) macroeconomic stabilization policies.

07 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

Conforme o texto, um dos fatores que propiciou o crescimento do Brasil perante o mundo foi:

(A) O Brasil fez parte da expansão de crédito dos países ricos.
(B) A polícia brasileira ajudou a estabilizar as tensões nos anos 90.
(C) O Brasil impulsionou sua economia aproveitando a demanda de commodities.
(D) Os políticos aprovaram um plano macroeconômico que agradou aos mercados internacionais.
(E) A crise financeira global atingiu os mercados de crédito despreparados.

08 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

No trecho do terceiro parágrafo

Instead of pushing him around, they even seemed to look up to him.

a palavra instead indica a ideia de

(A) substituição.
(B) ênfase.
(C) adversidade.
(D) conclusão.
(E) condição.

09 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

In the excerpt from the last paragraph

 – a slightly gangly adolescent, standing tall amid the world community, not fully grown into its new stature but confident and eager to make its mark. – 

may be understood as the following:

(A) Brazil is still the skinny boy that has grown tall.
(B) The size of Brazil as well as its population is an asset in the world market.
(C) The adolescent character of Brazilian people is a plus because they can change direction when needed.
(D) The lack of confidence made Brazil be less accepted by the developed countries.
(E) Brazil has the means to step into the world stage and might develop further.

10 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

No trecho do primeiro parágrafo

the fable might go something like this.

a palavra this refere-se

(A) ao tratado econômico.
(B) à história que se segue até o final do terceiro parágrafo.
(C) ao crescimento do Brasil no cenário mundial.
(D) ao menino franzino que se transformou em adolescente.
(E) à comparação dos meninos briguentos com os países desenvolvidos.

TEXTO 3:

Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 11 a 15.

Global Tax Evasion

by Chris Prentice

Despite what many might argue, paying taxes is one of the cornerstones of a healthy economy. More and more citizens around the world are avoiding taxes by operating businesses off the data grid.

The boom in “shadow economies” leaves governments insufficient revenue to provide adequate public services, whether that means health care, roads, education, or even better tax collection. In fact, a new report estimates that in 2007, in 162 countries, an average of 35.5 percent of official gross domestic product slipped through the cracks — not counting any fruits from such illegal activities as drug dealing or organized crime.

Friedrich Schneider, an economics professor at Austria’s Johannes Kepler University of Linz and a co-author of the report, “Shadow Economies All Over the World: New Estimates for 162 Countries from 1999 to 2007” emphasizes that the study’s numbers refer only to the amount unpaid by individuals and businesses avoiding taxes or legal labor requirements.

The problem is on the rise __14__ in developed and developing nations. The worst offender is the former Soviet republic of Georgia, where an estimated 72.5 percent of GDP was untaxed in 2007. The U.S., while not immune to shadow economic problems, is the world’s __15__ affected country, with a mere 9.0 percent of legally derived GDP escaping the IRS that year.

(http://images.businessweek.com. Adaptado.)

11 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

Conforme o texto,

(A) a economia informal está sob a mira de uma investigação da polícia internacional.
(B) o tráfico de drogas é o negócio mais rentável da economia informal.
(C) os indivíduos que sonegam impostos são os que reclamam da má qualidade dos serviços públicos.
(D) nem todos concordam que os impostos são um dos fundamentos de uma economia saudável.
(E) cerca de 35,5% dos 162 países estudados apresentam um alto índice de evasão de impostos.

12 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

According to the text, the problem of tax evasion

(A) could be detected in one third of the countries studied.
(B) can be pinpointed when workers complain about their legal labor rights.
(C) is increasing globally through the rise of businesses that remain in the shadow economy.
(D) was first brought up by Mr. Schneider in his report in 2007.
(E) is unfair because those who avoid taxes benefit from public services.

13 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

No trecho do segundo parágrafo

an average of 35.5 percent of official gross domestic product slipped through the cracks 

a expressão slipped through the cracks tem sentido equivalente, em português, a

(A) escorreu pelo ralo.
(B) deu com os burros n’água.
(C) tanto bateu que levou.
(D) encontrou seu caminho.
(E) teve jogo de cintura.

Instrução:

Para responder às questões 14 e 15, assinale as alternativas que completam corretamente as respectivas lacunas no último parágrafo do texto.

14 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

(A) neither
(B) or
(C) so
(D) such
(E) both

15 – (FGV-EESP-2011-ECONOMIA)

(A) small
(B) least
(C) more
(D) many
(E) fewest

FGV/VESTIBULAR–EAESP–2011.2–LÍNGUA INGLESA–GABARITO, TEXTOS TRADUZIDOS & AQUISIÇÃO DE VOCABULÁRIO.

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❑  PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

•  FGV-Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo-2011.2-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE.

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❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 15 MCQs (Multiple Choice Question) / 5 Options Each Question.

➭ Text (1) – | EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANS IN CENTRAL
 AMERICA | The Economist | 

➭ Text (2) – | THE FINANCIAL PAGE | The New Yorker |

PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO

❑ TEXTO 1: 

01-B, 02-E, 03-D, 04-A, 05-B

06-E, 07-A, 08-C, 09-D, 10-B

11-D, 12-C, 13-B, 14-A, 15-E

➧ TEXTO I:

EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANS IN CENTRAL AMERICA

A line of Bibles leading out of the door of the Friends of Israel Biblical Baptist Tabernacle means the afternoon service is about to start. The church has been extended three times in ten years to seat over 10,000 people, but it is still so busy that the faithful use Bibles to hold their spots in the queue. Weekly attendance is now 80,000, which its officials say is the most in EI Salvador.

The evangelical Protestantism preached within its walls (and on screens outside) has taken off in Central America. Estimates vary, but according to the State Department of the United States, barely 50% of Salvadorans now identify as Catholic, and in Honduras and Belize the share has dropped below half. Nicaragua is close behind. In Mexico, by comparison, 90% have kept the Catholic faith.

Some Central Americans switched during the civil wars of the 1980s, when Catholic priests began criticising their governments. To the authorities, "if you were a Catholic you were suspicious," says Gregorio Rosa Chávez, the assistant bishop of San Salvador. After Archbishop Óscar Romero was murdered in 1980, many turned to Protestant churches.

More recently, the Catholic church's conservatism has shrunk its flock. Edgar López Bertrand, the founder of the Friends of Israel, says he could not become a Catholic priest because his parents were divorced. Now, the crowd outside his church includes teenage couples and not a few miniskirts. (Should relationship problems arise, the church offers a book called “Help! I’m married".) The gospel of prosperity, recklessly preached by some evangelical outfits, goes down well in poor countries: Costa Rica and Panama, twice as rich as their neighbours , remain strongly Catholic.

Proximity to America has spurred the churches’ growth. "Everything we know comes from the United States," says Edgar López Bertrand Jr, who runs Friends of Israel with his father. Media skill is one useful import: his church broadcasts on television and radio, and sells DVDS alongside religious books.

The United States provides missionaries too. Across the region, groups in matching T-shirts build schools and lavatories in the name of God. Honduras alone receives 50,000 a year. "God just pounded my heart," says Toni McAndrew, who came to El Salvador in 2004 to teach the gospel to the deaf, and is now recording the Bible in sign language. Missionaries in San Salvador run an orphanage and a foundation for disabled children, and train evangelical pastors.

The evangelicals' success is forcing the Catholic church to adapt. "We must ask ourselves why our people left, what we are doing wrong," admits Monsignor Rosa Chávez. Some detect a more lenient line on premarital sex and even abortion. And the Catholic church in El Salvador now has its own television channel, which over Christmas featured young presenters wearing Santa hats.

The Economist February 5th-11th 2011

01 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

Which of the following probably best explains the

“line of Bibles leading out of the door of the Friends of Israel Biblical Baptist Tabernacle,”

as mentioned in paragraph 1?

A) The Bibles symbolize the devout Christian faith of the church members.
B) Members waiting to enter the church leave their Bibles on the ground to mark their place in line.
C) Members waiting to enter the church bring their Bibles so they can read while they wait.
D) The church hands out Bibles to those members who are waiting to enter.
E) The church has so many members that they must bring their own Bibles when they come to take part in a religious service.

02 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

According to the information in the article,

A) Central America as a whole is abandoning Catholicism in favor of evangelical Protestantism.
B) Central American countries with strong commercial ties to the United States are more willing to adopt evangelical Protestantism.
C) Central Americans are especially attracted by the conservative moral values of evangelical Protestantism.
D) traditional Catholicism will probably disappear in Central America.
E) evangelical Protestantism has enjoyed little success in some Central American countries.

03 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

According to the information in the article,

during the 1980s,

A) some Central American governments attacked first the Catholic church and then the Protestant churches.
B) many Catholic priests in Central America began publicly criticizing the Catholic church.
C) most Central American Catholics lost faith in their national governments.
D) some Central American governments had trouble with Catholic priests.
E) evangelical Protestants in Central America murdered an important official of the Catholic church.

04 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

Which of the following does the article mention as an important aspect of the evangelical Protestant churches in Central America?

A) A number of evangelical Protestant churches affirm that it’s all right to have a good amount of money.
B) Some evangelical Protestant churches allow their pastors to marry outside of the church.
C) Evangelical Protestant churches are less hypocritical than the Catholic church.
D) Evangelical Protestant churches allow pre-marital sex and even abortion.
E) Evangelical Protestant churches are interested in people and not in power.

05 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

In paragraph 5, the phrase

“Media skill is one useful import…” 

most likely means the same as which of the following?

A) The evangelical Protestant churches have found it useful to import various kinds of media services and products.
B) The evangelical Protestant churches recognize the importance of using the media to promote religion.
C) The ability to use the media well is a valuable technique that came from abroad.
D) The Friends of Israel church has grown fast because of contributions from foreign media.
E) The best religious equipment and material comes from the United States.

06 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

In paragraph 6, the number 50,000 in the sentence

“Honduras alone receives 50,000 a year”

most likely refers to

A) the number of people converting to evangelical Protestantism.
B) lavatories and religious schools.
C) the amount of money contributed by foreign evangelical Protestant churches.
D) the fact that only Honduras receives volunteer workers.
E) missionaries.

07 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

With respect to the success of Central American evangelical Protestantism, which of the following is NOT supported by the information in the article?

A) This success has surprised even the leaders of the evangelical Protestant churches.
B) To a certain extent, the relative failure of the Catholic church has contributed to this success.
C) This success was achieved in part because poor people want money.
D) This success has led the Catholic church to take a serious look at itself.
E) This success was achieved in part because of influence from the United States.

08 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

With respect to the information in the article, in which of the following countries would the Pope most likely receive the warmest welcome?

A) El Salvador
B) Honduras
C) Mexico
D) Nicaragua
E) Belize

➧ TEXTO II:

THE FINANCIAL PAGE

James Surowiecki

1

People really, really hate inflation. In polls, voters regularly cite high prices, as one of their biggest concerns, even when inflation is low. A 2001 study that looked at the "macroeconomics of happiness" found that higher inflation put a severe dent in how happy people reported themselves to be. The distaste for inflation is such that a 1996 study (titled, aptly, 'Why Do People Dislike Inflation?"), by the Yale economist Robert Shiller, found that, in countries around the world, sizable majorities said that they would prefer low inflation and high unemployment to high inflation and low unemployment, even if that meant that millions of extra people would go without work.
2
Weimar-style hyperinflation is, of course, an awful thing. But people loathe inflation even in moderate doses, where the evidence suggests it does little damage. The best estimates of the cost of inflation find that even a ten-per-cent inflation rate – much higher than anyone is currently pushing for – shrinks consumption by just 0.1 to 0.8 per cent. There are other costs, to be sure: inflation shrinks the value of people’s savings, and uncertainty about future prices makes business decisions less efficient. There's also the risk of inflation getting out of control. But the historical record suggests that the risk of three-per-cent inflation turning into hyperinflation is very small.
3
So why is inflation unpopular? The biggest reason, Shiller found, was simply that people believe higher prices reduce their standard of living and make them "poorer." This is obviously true for people living on fixed incomes or off their savings, but for everyone else, as many studies have shown, inflation translates into higher incomes as well as higher prices, and it typically doesn't have much of an effect either way on people's standard of living. (After all, we've had sixty years of inflation in the postwar era, yet we're much more prosperous than we were in 1950.) That's not how it feels, though: myopia leads us to focus on how much more we have to pay, rather than on how much more we earn. Inflation also sets off other alarm bells. It often increases uncertainty, which most people are averse to, and, because it can be described as "weakening" a country's currency, it affects morale. Shiller found that people associated rising inflation with dwindling social cohesion. There's also a moral dimension: we connect inflation to a lack of discipline and failure to live within our means. The most striking thing about Shiller's study was that no one surveyed mentioned any possible benefits of inflation, even though to Americans currently besieged by debts it would be a lifesaver.

The New Yorker, September 27, 2010

09 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

Which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?

A) People fear inflation because money brings happiness.
B) The antipathy that most people have for inflation is justified.
C) It’s impossible to be happy when inflation is out of control.
D) People have a tendency to react irrationally to inflation.
E) Many people would prefer to lower their standard of living than to accept a high rate of inflation.

10 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

Which of the following is most supported by the findings in Robert Shiller’s study (“Why do People Dislike Inflation?”)?

A) Personal happiness depends on inflation.
B) People in general are willing to sacrifice the financial and professional well-being of others in order to keep prices stable.
C) People in general are usually satisfied when unemployment is high but inflation is low.
D) Inflation destroys a country’s social unity.
E) Governments wanting to guarantee social stability must keep inflation low, even if that low inflation results in high unemployment.

11 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

Which of the following is probably the main reason that the author mentions a “ten-per-cent inflation rate” in paragraph 2?

A) He believes that anything above this rate must be considered hyperinflation and will cause serious economic problems.
B) It is an arbitrary number chosen because it is neither excessively high nor excessively low.
C) A ten-per-cent inflation rate can be very effective in reducing a government’s sovereign debt.
D) He wants to support his argument that even moderate inflation is less harmful than people think.
E) Though ten per cent is a moderate inflation rate, the author believes that it is unacceptable to most people.

12 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

According to the information in the article, which of the following is most likely NOT a possible negative effect of inflation?

A) People living on fixed incomes have a lower purchasing power.
B) The value of money in savings accounts decreases.
C) Even a low inflation rate easily turns into hyperinflation.
D) It’s harder for businesses to make decisions involving future prices.
E) People have a greater tendency to become disheartened and anxious.

13 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

With respect to moderate inflation, which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?

A) Even moderate inflation reduces the people’s standard of living and destroys their ability to consume.
B) In general, moderate inflation really doesn’t make a significant material difference in people’s lives.
C) The great prosperity of the United States is the result of a sixty-year period of moderate inflation.
D) Moderate inflation is a necessary condition if wages are to rise.
E) The nature of even moderate inflation is that it always rises faster than wages.

14 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

In the middle of paragraph 3, the phrase

“That’s not how it feels…”

most likely refers to which of the following?

A) Though for most people inflation isn’t necessarily a bad thing, it feels like a bad thing.
B) Though the United States is more prosperous now than it was sixty years ago, it doesn’t feel more prosperous.
C) In general, paying more money for products feels worse than it really is.
D) Since people quickly get used to earning higher wages, they soon feel no different than before, even though they have more money.
E) Though people should be happy when their wages accompany inflation, they tend to become discouraged.

15 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

According to the information in the article, Robert Shiller’s study (“Why do People Dislike Inflation?”)

A) is considered the definitive work on people’s beliefs and misconceptions about inflation.
B) makes a clear distinction between the effects of “good” inflation and the effects of “bad” inflation.
C) presents conclusive proof that inflation does more harm than good.
D) shows through various interviews how a high inflation rate encourages unethical behavior.
E) is surprising in that no person interviewed had anything positive to say about inflation.