PROCESSO SELETIVO DE ADMISSÃO ÀS ESCOLAS DE FORMAÇÃO DE OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE-PS-2014.
- A Marinha Britânica entrega um barco de pesca às autoridades do Iémen, na operação de combate à pirataria
- Royal Navy → Marinha Real, Marinha Britânica.
- Royal Marines → Fuzileiros Navais da Marinha Real.
- stormed the fishing vessel → invadiu a embarcação de pesca.
- seizing it back → recuperando-o.
- from a gang → de uma gangue.
- platform for launching hijack attempts → plataforma para lançar, plataforma de lançamento.
- hijack attempts → tentativas de sequestro.
- Cargo ships → Navios Cargueiros.
- Tankers → navios-tanque.
- NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) - Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte.
- crackdown on piracy → repressão à pirataria.
- crackdown → sanção severa (Michaelis Dictionary)
- the counter-piracy operation - a operação de combate à pirataria.
- >> [título do texto]
- Royal Navy hands fishing boat to Yemen authorities in counter-piracy operation
- A Marinha Britânica entrega um barco de pesca às autoridades do Iémen, na operação de combate à pirataria
- >> [1-3]
- An elite team of Royal Marines stormed the fishing vessel on Friday, seizing it back from a gang of suspected Somali pirates.
- Uma equipa de elite de fuzileiros da Marinha Real invadiu o navio de pesca na sexta-feira, recuperando-o de um bando de presumíveis piratas somalis.
- >>[18-24]
- "It is important that through our cooperation with the Yemeni Navy, we reassure the local maritime community that we are able to protect their interests. They are as much the victims of Somali piracy as the larger international ships navigating through the area".
- "É importante que, através da nossa cooperação com a Marinha do Iémen, asseguremos à comunidade marítima local que somos capazes de proteger os seus interesses. Eles são tão vítimas da pirataria somali como os grandes navios internacionais que navegam na área."
- TO HIJACK /ˈhaɪ.dʒæk/ - sequestrar (avião, barco, navio, aeronave, embarcação, etc.) em trânsito. (Michaelis Dictionary)
- TO HIJACK /ˈhaɪ.dʒæk/ - to take control of an aircraft or other vehicle during a journey, especially using violence. (dictionary.cambridge.org)
- >>[18-24]Eles são tão vítimas da pirataria somali como os grandes navios internacionais que navegam na zona".
- "They are as much the victims of Somali piracy as the larger international ships navigating through the area".
- trawler (noun) - o que pesca com rede de arrasto, traineira. (Michaelis Dictionary)
- >>[1-3]
- An elite team of Royal Marines stormed the fishing vessel on Friday, seizing it back from a gang of suspected Somali pirates.
- Uma equipa de elite de fuzileiros da Marinha Real invadiu o navio de pesca na sexta-feira, recuperando-o de um bando de presumíveis piratas somalis.
- Piracy in the Indian Ocean currently costs the world economy billions of pounds a year.
- A pirataria no Oceano Índico custa atualmente à economia mundial, bilhões de libras por ano.
- WORTHLESS - sem valor, desprezível. (Michaelis Dictionary)
- WORTHLESS - valueless, cheap. (www.merriam-webster.com)
- In: ‘An elite team of Royal Marines stormed the fishing vessel on Friday (…)’ (lines 1-2), the underlined word could be replaced by:
- ‘An elite team of Royal Marines stormed the fishing vessel on Friday (…)
- Contextualmente, "stormed" e "assaulted" são intercambiáveis.
- (1) TO STORM sinônimo de "TO RAIN"(chover).
- (2) TO STORM sinônimo de "TO ASSAULT"(assaltar), "TO ATTACK" (atacar), "TO STRIKE"(atacar).
- (3) TO STORM sinônimo de "TO RAGE"(enfurecer-se, enraivecer-se, encolerizar-se.),
- (4) "TO STEAM sinônimo de "TO BOIL"(ferver).
- rescue workers → equipes de resgate.
- sniffer dogs → cães farejadores.
- the death toll → o número de mortos.
- the wrecked internal lift → o elevador interno destruído.
- a change of shift → uma mudança de turno.
- ‘‘(…) around 14 people were in the glasstopped tower when it was hit by the ship’s stern as it ploughed into the dock(...).’
- Cerca de 14 pessoas estavam na torre com tampo de vidro quando foi atingida pela popa do navio ao colidir no cais.
- Contextualmente, "ploughed into" e "struck" são intercambiáveis.
- TO PLOUGH INTO (phrasal verb)(colidir com) → If a vehicle ploughs into something or someone, it hits the object or person with great force:
- TO STRIKE (bater) sinônimo de TO HIT(atingir) - to hit something forcefully or violently. (dictionary.cambridge.org)
- a massive cargo ship → um enorme navio de carga.
- rammed into → colidiu com.
- a control tower → uma torre de controle.
- a night-time manoeuvre → uma manobra noturna.
- crashing to the ground → caindo no chão.
- tumbling into the harbour → caindo no porto.
- in the glass-topped tower → na torre com tampo de vidro.
- the ship’s stern → a popa (a traseira) do navio.
- un + conscious → unconscious (inconsciente)
- un + interesting → uninteresting (desinteressante)
- un + fold → unfold (desdobrar)
- un + determined → undetermined (indeterminado)
- in + expensive → inexpensive (pouco dispendioso,
- [in-] → inexpensive, incorrect, inability, inadequate, incomplete.
- [un-] é um prefixo com significado de REMOVE, REVERSE or NOT. [Cambrige Dictionary]
- undo (desfazer), unpack (descompactar), unhappy (infeliz).
- unconscious, uninteresting, unfold, undetermined.
- My legs are aching now because I ______ since 2 o’clock.
(A) am swimming
(B) swam
(C) swim
(D) have been swimming
(E) would be swimming
Comentários e Gabarito D-SENTENÇA:
§ My legs are aching now because I
________ since 2 o’clock.
§ Minhas pernas estão
doendo agora porque eu estava
nadando desde as 2 horas.
§ REMEMBER:
§ We use the Present Perfect Continuous
for an activity that has recently stopped or just stopped. There is a connection with NOW. - Usamos o Present Perfect Continuous para uma atividade que PAROU RECENTEMENTE
ou ACABOU DE PARAR. Há uma conexão com NOW (agora). [English Grammar -
Murphy]
§ Estrutura do PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
→ HAVE/HAS BEEN + ING FORM (main verb).
§ Contextualmente → have been swimming.
§ My legs are aching now because I have been swimming since 2 o’clock.
§ Minhas pernas estão doendo agora porque eu estava nadando desde as 2 horas.
07 – (EFOMM-PS-2014-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Mark the correct option to complete the sentence.
- ‘Her new beach house isn’t ________ finished’.
(A) besides
(B) therefrom
(C) whereas
(D) afterwards
(E) altogether
Comentários e Gabarito E• ALTOGETHER ( = completely, in
total, considering everything) é
um advérbio e significa “POR COMPLETO”, “INTEIRAMENTE”, "EM SUA
TOTALIDADE" ou “NO TOTAL.
•ATENÇÃO: Não confudir com
ALL TOGETHER significa ‘todos juntos’.
• LACUNA:
- Her new
beach house isn’t ________ finished.
- (Sua nova casa de
praia não está ________ terminada.)
- Na lacuna, cabe o
advérbio ALTOGETHER cujo significado faz coesão no contexto,
ISN'T ALTOGETHER FINISHED, ou seja, NÃO ESTÁ COMPLETAMENTE TERMINADA:
- Her new
beach house isn’t altogether finished.
- Sendo assim, a
resposta correta é o advérbio apresentado na opção (E).
• Demais vocábulos nas
opções NÃO cabem semanticamente na sentença.
(A)
besides (ADVÉRBIO → além do mais, além disso)
(B)
therefrom (ADVÉRBIO → de uma coisa que foi mencionado anteriormente)
(C)
whereas (CONJUNCTION → enquanto que)
(D) afterwards (ADVERB
→ depois, mais tarde)
- EXEMPLOS (PARA
SEDIMENTAR VOCABULÁRIO) com o advérbio ALTOGETHER:
-[CAMBRIDGE
DICTIONARY]
The
government ought to abolish the tax altogether. – O
governo deveria abolir o imposto por completo.
• She
wrote less and less often, and eventually she stopped altogether. – Ela
escrevia cada vez com menos frequência e, finalmente, parou completamente.
• I'm
not altogether sure I
want that. – Não tenho certeza se quero isso.
• He's
bad-tempered, selfish, and altogether an unpleasant
man. – Ele é mal-humorado, egoísta e totalmente desagradável.
-[OXFORD
DICTIONARY]
• The
train went slower and slower until it stopped altogether. – O trem
foi cada vez mais devagar até parar completamente.
• I don't altogether agree with you. – Não
concordo totalmente com você.
• It was an altogether different situation. – Era
uma situação completamente diferente.
• You owe me £68 altogether. – Você me deve 68 libras ao todo.
08 – (EFOMM-PS-2014-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Mark the correct alternative to complete the sentence.
- Max ______ ill for three weeks. He’s still in hospital.
(A) had been
(B) were
(C) is
(D) was
(E) has been
-SENTENÇA:
§ Max ______ ill for three weeks. He’s
still in hospital.
§ Max está doente
há três semanas. Ele ainda está no hospital..
§ REMEMBER:
§ When we talk about a PERIOD OF TIME that continues from the
past UNTIL NOW, we use the Present
Perfect. [English Grammar - Murphy]
§ Estrutura do PRESENT PERFECT → HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE (main verb).
§ Contextualmente → has been.
§ Max has been ill for three weeks. He’s still in hospital.
09 – (EFOMM-PS-2014-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Choose the option that completes the text below:
I had a really funny evening yesterday, Mary. I got talking to this boy in the pub, very nice-looking he was, and I could see he _________ me. He said he _________ anybody like me before, and he felt I _________ a very unusual kind of beauty. Oh, yes? I said. Then he asked me if I _________ a lift home, so I said no, I _________ hungry, so we went out for a curry.
(A) was fancying / hadn’t ever met / had / wants / was
(B) fancying / have never met / have / want / wasn’t
(C) fancied / had never met / had / wanted / was
(D) fancies / have never met / haven’t / wanted / am
(E) fancied / had never met / hadn’t / wanted / was
10 – (EFOMM-PS-2014-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Choose the correct alternative.
By this time next year, my brother ______ his new car.
(A) will be paid off
(B) is paying off
(C) had paid off
(D) has paid off
(E) will have paid off
SENTENÇA:
§ By this time next year, my brother
______ his new car.
§ Por esta altura no próximo ano, o meu irmão TERÁ PAGO
o seu carro novo.
§ REMEMBER:
§ We use the Future Perfect to say that
something will be ended, completed or achieved BY A PARTICULAR POINT IN THE FUTURE. [Advanced Grammar - Cambridge]
§ (By this time next year, By the time you
get home, By four o’clock, By tomorrow, for three years:) frases indicativas de
→ Future Perfect.
§ Estrutura do FUTURE PERFECT → WILL HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE (main verb).
§ Contextualmente → will have paid off.
§ By this time next year, my brother will have paid off his new car.
11 – (EFOMM-PS-2014-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Choose the correct alternative.
- That cargo ship ______________ the harbour.
(A) put into
(B) put forward
(C) put away
(D) put off
(E) put across
-SENTENÇA:
§ That cargo ship ______________ the
harbor.
§ Aquele cargueiro aportado no porto.
§ PUT INTO → aportado, dentro do porto.
(A) put into (colocar dentro)
(B) put forward (apresentar)
(C) put away (deixar de lado)
(D) put off (adiar)
(E) put across (passar)
12 – (EFOMM-PS-2014-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
All the following statements are grammatically correct EXCEPT:
(A) Lots of us think it’s time for vacation.
(B) A lot of time is needed to learn a foreign
language.
(C) There is not a lot meat left.
(D) Lots of patience is needed , too.
(E) A lot of my friends want to take a trip abroad.
§ Quando usamos LOTS / A LOT / PLENTY com um
substantivo, precisamos de OF. [Cambridge
Dictionary]
§ I’ve got lots of plans for today. [Cambridge Dictionary]
§ There’ll be a lot of your friends there. [Cambridge Dictionary]
§ There’s no need to rush. We’ve got plenty of time. [Cambridge Dictionary]
-Todas as afirmações a seguir estão gramaticalmente corretas, EXCETO:
(A) Lots of us think it’s time for
vacation.
(B) A lot of time is needed to learn a
foreign language.
(C) There is not a lot meat left.
§ INCORRETA porque o certo é A LOT OF MEAT (not: a lot meat )
§ Sentença corregida:
§ There is not a lot of meat left. → Não sobrou muita carne.
(D) Lots of patience is needed , too.
(E) A lot of my friends want to take a trip abroad.
13 – (EFOMM-PS-2014-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Mark the correct option to complete the sentence.
- ‘Why aren’t you going to London with your parents?’
- ‘If only I _______ enough time, I’d certainly go with them’.
(A) was having
(B) will have
(C) would have
(D) had
(E) have
REMEMBER:
§ If
I do (simple present) ↔ I’ll + bare infinitive.
§ If
I did (simple past) ↔ I’d + bare infinitive.
§
bare infinitive → é o
infinitivo sem o TO.
§ EXEMPLOS:
§ If
I find a wallet in the street, I’ll take it to the police.
§ If I found a wallet in the street, I’d take it to the police.
-SENTENÇA:
§ If only I _______ enough time, I’d
certainly go with them.
§ IF CLAUSE → If only I _______ enough
time,
§ MAIN CLAUSE → I’d certainly go with
them.
§ Observe na MAIN CLAUSE a estrutura modal
simples WOULD certainly GO.
§ WOULD
+ BARE INFINITIVE (na Main Clause) indica ↔ SIMPLE
PAST (na IF-CLAUSE).
§ IF-CLAUSE no Simple Past → had.
§ SENTENÇA COMPLETA:
§ If only I had enough time, I’d certainly go with them. → Se eu tivesse tempo suficiente, certamente iria com eles.
14 – (EFOMM-PS-2014-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Choose the correct alternative.
- We weren’t sure ______________ or just walk in.
(A) should knock
(B) to knock
(C) whether to knock
(D) whether knock
(E) whether knocking
-REMEMBER:
§
Usamos WHETHER…OR para introduzir uma SENTENÇA
dando duas opções ou alternativas.
§ We’re
not sure whether to stay here for
dinner or go somewhere else.
[Cambridge Dictionary]
§ We’re not sure whether we’ll stay here for dinner or go somewhere else. [Cambridge Dictionary]
-SENTENÇA:
§ We weren’t sure ________ or just walk
in.
§
Não tínhamos certeza
entre bater à porta ou apenas entrar.
§
Na lacuna cabe a
estrutura WHETHER + to-infinitive OR. (As duas orações têm o mesmo
sujeito, e o WHETER é seguido de verbo.)
§
SENTENÇA COMPLETA:
§ We weren’t sure whether to knock or just walk in.
15 – (EFOMM-PS-2014-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) In which sentence below can you leave out the relative pronoun?
(A) Last week I met some people who were born in the
USA.
(B) The film which we saw yesterday was very interesting.
(C) That’s the restaurant where Carol works.
(D) My sister, who is 31 years old, got married in
July.
(E) I didn’t get what I wanted for my birthday.
-REMEMBER:
§
Um pronome relativo pode
ser deixado de fora (can be left out)
quando não for sujeito (subject) da relative clause.
§
DICA 1: Quando
o pronome relativo for seguido por um verbo, ele exerce função de
sujeito e neste CAN NOT BE LEFT OUT (NÃO PODE SER DEIXADO DE FORA).
§
This is the boy who was at the party yesterday. (WHO não pode ser
omitido porque funciona como sujeito da 2ª oração)
§
This is the boy who I met at the party yesterday. (WHO pode ser omitido
por que não funciona como sujeito da 2ª oração, neste caso WHO é objeto do
verbo ‘met’)
§
DICA 2:
§
WHAT será pronome relativo quando tiver o mesmo sentido da frase THE THING(S) THAT e neste caso não pode
ser omitido.
§ I
haven’t got many Beatles CDs, but you can borrow what I have. [Cambridge Dictionary]
§
DICA 3:
§
WHERE será pronome relativo quando tiver o mesmo sentido da frase IN WHICH e neste caso não pode ser
omitido.
§ The
hotel where we spent our honeymoon
has been demolished. [Cambridge Dictionary]
§ The hall where you’re giving your talk has a really good sound system. [Cambridge Dictionary]
In which sentence below can you leave
out the relative pronoun?
Em qual frase abaixo você pode DEIXAR DE FORA (OMITIR, RETIRAR) o pronome relativo?
(A) Last week I met some people who were
born in the USA. (WHO não pode ser omitido, porque é
sujeito do verbo “were”)
(B) The film which we saw yesterday was
very interesting. (WHO pode ser omitido, porque é objeto
do verbo ‘saw’)
(C) That’s the restaurant where Carol
works. (WHERE não pode ser omitido)
(D) My sister, who is 31 years old, got
married in July. (WHO não pode ser omitido, porque é
sujeito do verbo “is”)
(E) I didn’t get what I wanted for my birthday. (WHAT não pode ser omitido)
16 – (EFOMM-PS2014-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Choose the correct option.
- I’m going to have the car _______ tomorrow morning.
(A) repaired
(B) repairs
(C) repair
(D) repairing
(E) is repairing
Comentários e Gabarito A- REMEMBER: Causative Verbs são os verbos que indicam a ação
de alguém, que não você, mas em prol de você mesmo.
- Dependendo
do contexto, as estruturas CAUSATIVE
FORM, podem ser →
HAVE something PARTICIPLE PAST (main verb) ou GET
something PARTICIPLE PAST (main verb).
§ I had
my hair cut. [Cambridge Dictionary]
§ We’re having the house painted next week. [Cambridge Dictionary]
-SENTENÇA:
§ I’m going to have the car _______
tomorrow morning.
§ Na sentença, cabe a causative form “HAVE
something PARTICIPLE PAST” → HAVE THE CAR REPAIRED.
§ I’m going to have the car repaired tomorrow morning.
§ Vou consertar o carro amanhã de manhã.
17 – (EFOMM-PS-2014-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
‘Navigation , derived ________ the Latin words “navis” (meaning “ship”) and “agere” (meaning “to drive”) is the process of accurately determining the position and controlling of a craft or vehicle _________ a desired course. This is accomplished ______ finding the navigator’s position compared ________ known locations or patterns (…)’. (MarineLink.com – Maritime Reporter and MarineNews magazines online)
The blanks of this excerpt can be adequately filled by:
(A) from – towards – by – with
(B) from – along – on – with
(C) of – along - on – to
(D) of – towards- by – to
(E) from – along – by – to
Comentários e Gabarito E18 – (EFOMM-PS-2014-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Choose the correct alternative.
- This is not installed correctly. They ________ my instructions.
(A) must misunderstand
(B) must have misunderstood
(C) should have misunderstood
(D) should misunderstand
(E) may understand
Comentários e Gabarito B-Questão sobre PAST MODALS OF DEDUCTION (MODAL VERB + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE):
-REMEMBER:
§ To draw a conclusion about something
that happened in the past, we use:
§ MODAL VERB + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE.
§ DICA
RÁPIDA →
MODAL VERB + HAVE + PARTICÍPIO.
§ // I must have left the window open. That's how the cat got in.
(Devo
ter deixado a janela aberta. Foi assim que o gato entrou.)
§ // Where's my phone? Humm…I could have left it in my office.
§ (Onde está meu telefone? Humm... eu poderia ter
deixado no meu escritório.)
§ // He can't have left the office yet. It's only 4 o'clock. He must be in
a meeting.
(Ele ainda não pode ter saído do escritório. São apenas 4 horas. Ele deve estar em uma reunião.)
-SENTENÇA:
§ This is not installed correctly. They
________ my instructions.
§ Não está instalado corretamente. Eles devem ter entendido mal minhas
instruções.
§ Para falar sobre deduções no passado (MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE) → must
have misunderstood.
§ Sentença completa:
§ This is not installed correctly. They must have misunderstood my instructions.
19 – (EFOMM-PS-2014-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
There are two options for the sentences below, choose the ONLY one that both options are possible.
(A) The doctors (advised / persuaded) that I should
rest for 3 months.
(B) The police (assured / promised) local residents
that everything possible was being done to catch the car thieves.
(C) A spokesperson for the company (reminded / warned)
that there may be delays on the railways this summer due to major engineering
work.
(D) Russian scientists (have shown / have convinced)
that honey can prevent the growth of bacteria.
(E) Jack (told / promised) that he would be home before midnight.
Comentários e Gabarito C20 – (EFOMM-PS-2014-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
‘Diplomatics, from ______ Greek diploma (folded), is ____ study of legal and administrative documents of all kinds. Most attention has been paid to ______ public documents of monarchs, emperors, and popes, which are usually classified separately from_____ many varieties of private documents that exist.’
(CRYSTAL, David (2010). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Cambridge University Press).
The blanks of this excerpt can be adequately filled by:
(A) the – the – X – the.
(B) the – a – the – X
(C) a – a – the – the
(D) the – the – the –the
(E) a – a – X – X
Comentários e Gabarito D-Questão sobre THE / A / AN:
- REMEMBER:
§ DICA 1:
§ Usamos o artigo THE em ESTRUTURAS ESPECIFICADORAS do tipo → THE NOUN OF ou THE NOUN
PHRASE OF.
§ // The life of a soldier is full of
danger. [Cambridge Dictionary]
§ // He wrote a
book on the history of boxing.
[Cambridge Dictionary]
§ // I’ll see
you on the twenty fourth of May.
[Cambridge Dictionary]
§ DICA 2:
§ Usamos o artigo THE em ESTRUTURA ESPECIFICADORA QUE
DENOTAM ORIGEM → FROM THE.
§ We get our vegetables from the farm shop. They’re really fresh. [Cambridge Dictionary]
-TRECHO:
§ ‘Diplomatics, from ______ Greek diploma (folded), is ____ study of legal and administrative documents of all kinds. Most attention has been paid to ______ public documents of monarchs, emperors, and popes, which are usually classified separately from_____ many varieties of private documents that exist.’
-1ª LACUNA: Diplomatics, from ______ Greek diploma (folded),
§ Na lacuna cabe o artigo THE parte integrante da estrutura especificadora FROM THE greek diploma.
-2ª LACUNA: is ____ study of legal and administrative documents of all kinds.
§ Na lacuna cabe o artigo THE parte integrante da estrutura especificadora THE NOUN OF, ou seja, THE study of legal and administrative documents.
-3ª LACUNA: Most attention has been paid to ______ public documents of monarchs, emperors, and popes
§ Na lacuna cabe o artigo THE parte integrante da estrutura especificadora THE NOUN PHRASE OF, ou seja, THE public documents of monarchs, emperors, and popes,
-4ª LACUNA: which are usually classified separately from_____ many varieties of private documents that exist.
§ Na lacuna cabe o artigo THE parte integrante da estrutura especificadora THE NOUN PHRASE OF, ou seja, from THE many varieties of private documents that exist.
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