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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
- CESGRANRIO-2024-INSTITUTO DE PESQUISA ECONÔMICA APLICADA-PARA TODOS OS PERFIS E ESPECIALIDADES-25/02/2024.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
- 7 MCQs (Multiple Choice Question) / 5 Options Each Question.
- Texto (1) – | How good is the U.S. economy? It’s beating pre-pandemic | www.washingtonpost.com |
- Texto (2) – | UK Economy Forecast to Narrow GDP Gap with Germany by 2038 | www.bnnbloomberg.ca |
❑ PROVA:
❑ TEXTO 1-TRADUÇÃO:
How good is the U.S. economy?
It’s beating pre-pandemic predictions.
Quão boa está a economia dos EUA? Ela está superando as previsões pré-pandêmicas.
[1º PARÁGRAFO]
Americans might be reluctant to believe it, but on
paper, the U.S. economy is doing pretty well. So well,
in fact, that we’re performing better than forecasts
made even before the pandemic began.
Os americanos podem relutar em acreditar, mas, no papel, a economia dos EUA está indo muito bem. Tão bem, na verdade, que estamos tendo um desempenho melhor do que as previsões feitas antes mesmo do início da pandemia.
[2º PARÁGRAFO]
The nation’s employers added another 199,000
jobs in November, the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics reported on Friday. This means that overall
employment is now 2 million jobs higher than was
expected by now in forecasts made way back in
January 2020 by the nonpartisan Congressional
Budget Office.
Os empregadores do país adicionaram mais 199.000 empregos em novembro, informou o Bureau of Labor Statistics dos EUA na sexta-feira. Isso significa que o emprego geral agora é 2 milhões de empregos a mais do que o esperado até agora nas previsões feitas em janeiro de 2020 pelo apartidário Congressional Budget Office.
[3º PARÁGRAFO]
The job market isn’t the only front on which we
have bested forecasts made before the pandemic.
The overall size of the economy, as measured by
gross domestic product, is larger than it was expected
to be around now. The International Monetary Fund
says that U.S. gross domestic product is higher today,
in inflation-adjusted terms, than it had expected at the
beginning of 2020. The IMF ran these calculations
for countries around the world, and found the United
States was an outlier in beating the organization’s
pre-covid forecasts.
O mercado de trabalho não é a única frente em que superamos as previsões feitas antes da pandemia. O tamanho geral da economia, medido pelo produto interno bruto, é maior do que o esperado agora. O Fundo Monetário Internacional diz que o produto interno bruto dos EUA é maior hoje, em termos ajustados pela inflação, do que o esperado no início de 2020. O FMI executou esses cálculos para países ao redor do mundo e descobriu que os Estados Unidos foram um caso atípico ao superar as previsões pré-covid da organização.
[4º PARÁGRAFO]
So why did well-regarded professional forecasters
underestimate the strength of the economy? And how
is it that jobs and GDP are doing better than they
expected, even as inflation has been unmistakably
worse?
Então por que previsores profissionais bem conceituados subestimaram a força da economia? E como é que os empregos e o PIB estão indo melhor do que eles esperavam, mesmo com a inflação inequivocamente pior?
[5º PARÁGRAFO]
To some extent, all these things are related.
Forecasters obviously did not anticipate the pandemic.
They also did not anticipate the unprecedentedly
enormous government response to the coronavirus.
When the public health crisis hit and disemployed
millions of American workers, policymakers
implemented unusually generous fiscal and monetary
stimulus.
Até certo ponto, todas essas coisas estão relacionadas. Os meteorologistas obviamente não previram a pandemia. Eles também não previram a resposta governamental sem precedentes e enorme ao coronavírus. Quando a crise de saúde pública atingiu e desempregados milhões de trabalhadores americanos, os formuladores de políticas implementaram estímulos fiscais e monetários excepcionalmente generosos.
[6º PARÁGRAFO]
Such measures helped get people back to work
sooner, and avoided the long, painful effort back to
normal that had followed the Great Recession. Thus,
faster job growth. They also massively amplified
consumer demand, at a time when the productive
capacity of the economy (i.e., companies’ ability to
make and deliver the things their customers want)
couldn’t keep up. Employers faced all kinds of
shortages — of products, materials, workers — and
consumers anxious to buy stuff raised the prices of
whatever inventory companies actually had available.
Thus, faster price growth.
Tais medidas ajudaram as pessoas a voltarem ao trabalho mais cedo e evitaram o longo e doloroso esforço de volta ao normal que se seguiu à Grande Recessão. Assim, crescimento mais rápido do emprego. Elas também amplificaram enormemente a demanda do consumidor, em um momento em que a capacidade produtiva da economia (ou seja, a capacidade das empresas de fabricar e entregar as coisas que seus clientes desejam) não conseguia acompanhar. Os empregadores enfrentaram todos os tipos de escassez — de produtos, materiais, trabalhadores — e os consumidores ansiosos para comprar coisas aumentaram os preços de qualquer estoque que as empresas realmente tivessem disponível. Assim, crescimento mais rápido dos preços.
[7º PARÁGRAFO]
If you had asked me back in January 2020 how
Americans might feel about an economy with an “extra”
2 million jobs, unemployment less than 4 percent, and
inflation just over 3 percent, I probably would have
guessed the public would be pretty content. However
people are still furious about the extra price growth
they’ve already endured to date, and unimpressed by
all that extra job growth. Maybe it’s human nature for
people to view better jobs or pay as things they’ve
earned, while a painful price increase is something
inflicted upon them — even if both are, to some extent,
two sides of the same coin.
Se você tivesse me perguntado em janeiro de 2020 como os americanos se sentiriam sobre uma economia com 2 milhões de empregos "extras", desemprego menor que 4% e inflação pouco acima de 3%, eu provavelmente teria imaginado que o público ficaria bem contente. No entanto, as pessoas ainda estão furiosas com o crescimento extra de preços que já suportaram até agora, e não impressionadas com todo esse crescimento extra de empregos. Talvez seja da natureza humana que as pessoas vejam empregos ou salários melhores como coisas que ganharam, enquanto um aumento doloroso de preços é algo imposto a elas — mesmo que ambos sejam, até certo ponto, dois lados da mesma moeda.
Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/
2023/12/08/jobs-report-economy-beats-pandemicpredictions/. Retrieved on: Dec. 12, 2023. Adapted.
08 – (CESGRANRIO-2024-IPEA–PARA TODOS OS PERFIS E ESPECIALIDADES) According to Text I,
(A) although the job market and the GDP are getting
worse, prices are decreasing.
(B) the increasing unemployment has contributed to
people’s positive perception of the U.S. economy.
(C) the current predictions about the U.S. economy
indicate that the job market will worsen in the future.
(D) despite people’s negative perception, the U.S.
economy is doing well.
(E) excessively positive forecasts about the U.S.
economy have pushed prices up.
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
According to Text I,
(A) although the job market and the GDP are getting worse, prices are decreasing.
embora o mercado de trabalho e o PIB estejam piorando, os preços estão diminuindo.
(B) the increasing unemployment has contributed to people’s positive perception of the U.S. economy.
o aumento do desemprego contribuiu para a percepção positiva das pessoas sobre a economia dos EUA.
(C) the current predictions about the U.S. economy indicate that the job market will worsen in the future.
as previsões atuais sobre a economia dos EUA indicam que o mercado de trabalho piorará no futuro.
(D) despite people’s negative perception, the U.S. economy is doing well.
apesar da percepção negativa das pessoas, a economia dos EUA está indo bem.
(E) excessively positive forecasts about the U.S. economy have pushed prices up.
previsões excessivamente positivas sobre a economia dos EUA aumentaram os preços.
09 – (CESGRANRIO-2024-IPEA–PARA TODOS OS PERFIS E ESPECIALIDADES) In Text I, in paragraph 4, one of the questions is
- “why did well-regarded professional forecasters underestimate the strength of the economy?”.
The expression well-regarded professional forecasters
can be rewritten, with no change in meaning, as
(A) respected and experienced forecasters
(B) enthusiastic and unskilled forecasters
(C) kind and pretentious forecasters
(D) strict and amateur forecasters
(E) laid back and intense forecasters
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
In Text I, in paragraph 4, one of the questions is
No Texto I, no parágrafo 4, uma das perguntas é
- “why did well-regarded professional forecasters underestimate the strength of the economy?”.
- “por que os previsores profissionais bem conceituados subestimaram a força da economia?”.
The expression well-regarded professional forecasters can be rewritten, with no change in meaning, as
A expressão previsores profissionais bem conceituados pode ser reescrita, sem nenhuma mudança de significado, como
(A) respected and experienced forecasters
previsores respeitados e experientes
(B) enthusiastic and unskilled forecasters
previsores entusiasmados e não qualificados
(C) kind and pretentious forecasters
previsores gentis e pretensiosos
(D) strict and amateur forecasters
previsores rigorosos e amadores
(E) laid back and intense forecasters
previsores descontraídos e intensos
10 – (CESGRANRIO-2024-IPEA–PARA TODOS OS PERFIS E ESPECIALIDADES) In the sentence
- “Forecasters obviously did not anticipate the pandemic” (Text I, paragraph 5)
the term anticipate
could be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
(A) precede
(B) expect
(C) need
(D) hide
(E) fight
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
- “Forecasters obviously did not anticipate the pandemic”
- Os meteorologistas obviamente não anteciparam a pandemia”
the term anticipate could be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
o termo antecipar poderia ser substituído, sem nenhuma mudança de significado, por
(A) precede
preceder
(B) expect
esperar
(C) need
precisar
(D) hide
esconder
(E) fight
lutar
11 – (CESGRANRIO-2024-IPEA–PARA TODOS OS PERFIS E ESPECIALIDADES) In the sentence
- “I probably would have guessed the public would be pretty content” (Text I, paragraph 7),
the expression pretty content can be rewritten, with no
change in meaning, by
(A) very discouraged
(B) really satisfied
(C) beautifully betrayed
(D) poorly valued
(E) slightly strong
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
In the sentence
- “I probably would have guessed the public would be pretty content”
- "Eu provavelmente teria imaginado que o público ficaria bastante satisfeito”
the expression pretty content can be rewritten, with no change in meaning, by
(A) very discouraged
muito desanimado
(B) really satisfied
realmente satisfeito
(C) beautifully betrayed
lindamente traído
(D) poorly valued
mal valorizado
(E) slightly strong
ligeiramente forte
12 – (CESGRANRIO-2024-IPEA–PARA TODOS OS PERFIS E ESPECIALIDADES) In the sentence
- “Maybe it’s human nature for people to view better jobs or pay as things they’ve earned, while a painful price increase is something inflicted upon them — even if both are, to some extent, two sides of the same coin.” (Text I, paragraph 7),
the word both refers to
(A) “human nature” and “people”
(B) “better jobs and pay” and “human nature”
(C) “a painful price increase” and “people”
(D) “people” and “things they’ve earned”
(E) “better jobs and pay” and “a painful price increase”
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
In the sentence
- “Maybe it’s human nature for people to view better jobs or pay as things they’ve earned, while a painful price increase is something inflicted upon them — even if both are, to some extent, two sides of the same coin.”
- “Talvez seja da natureza humana que as pessoas vejam melhores empregos ou salários como coisas que ganharam, enquanto um aumento doloroso de preços é algo que lhes foi imposto — mesmo que ambos sejam, até certo ponto, dois lados da mesma moeda.”
the word both refers to
(A) “human nature” and “people”
(B) “better jobs and pay” and “human nature”
(C) “a painful price increase” and “people”
(D) “people” and “things they’ve earned”
❑ TEXTO 2-TRADUÇÃO:
- UK Economy Forecast to Narrow GDP Gap with Germany by 2038
- Previsão da economia do Reino Unido para reduzir a diferença do PIB com a Alemanha até 2038
[1º PARÁGRAFO]
The UK will be Europe’s best-performing major
economy in the next 15 years, narrowing the gap
with Germany and extending its lead over France,
according to new long-run forecasts.
[2º PARÁGRAFO]
The Centre for Economics and Business
Research predicted that GDP growth in the UK will
settle between 1.6% and 1.8% in the period up until
2038, helping it retain its position as the world’s sixthlargest economy.
[3º PARÁGRAFO]
Under CEBR’s long-run world economic rankings,
the UK is expected to grow faster than all of the
eurozone “big four” economies — France, Germany,
Italy and Spain — but not as rapidly as the US.
[4º PARÁGRAFO]
“The fundamentals of the UK economy are
still very much strong,” said Pushpin Singh, senior
economist at CEBR. “London’s status as a financial
and advisory services hub enduring, along with the
wider strength of the services sector across the UK,
will push UK growth.”
[5º PARÁGRAFO]
By 2038, Italy will drop out of the world’s top 10
economies by size, replaced by South Korea. The US
and Germany will slip down the rankings, while India
and Brazil — two developing economies with large
populations — will rise within the top 10.
[6º PARÁGRAFO]
France will underperform the UK particularly due
to its large public sector and high tax levels, while
Germany’s manufacturing slowdown will help Britain
narrow the gap, according to Singh.
Available at: https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/uk-economy-forecast-
-to-narrow-gdp-gap-with-germany-by-2038-1.2015577. Retrieved
on: Dec. 26, 2023. Adapted.
13 – (CESGRANRIO-2024-IPEA–PARA TODOS OS PERFIS E ESPECIALIDADES) In paragraph 2, the author states that:
- “GDP growth in the UK will settle between 1.6% and 1.8% in the period up until 2038, helping it retain its position as the world’s sixth-largest economy”.
The expression the world’s sixth-largest economy from
that statement is correctly translated into Portuguese in
(A) o mundo e as seis maiores economias
(B) o mundo e a sexta maior economia
(C) as seis maiores economias do mundo
(D) um sexto das maiores economias do mundo
(E) a sexta maior economia do mundo
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
14 – (CESGRANRIO-2024-IPEA–PARA TODOS OS PERFIS E ESPECIALIDADES) According to the forecast in paragraph 5, one could affirm
in Portuguese, that a economia brasileira terá uma boa
colocação no ranking mundial.
That affirmation is correctly translated into English in
(A) The economy Brazilian will have a good position in the
rankings world.
(B) The Brazilian economy will have a good position in the
world rankings.
(C) The Brazilian economy will have a position good in the
rankings of world.
(D) An economy Brazilian will have the good position in
the rankings of the world.
(E) An economy Brazilian will have the position good in
rankings world’s.
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
teste
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