Postagens
❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: FGV-2008-SENADO FEDERAL-TÉCNICO LEGISLATIVO (POLÍCIA LEGISLATIVA FEDERAL)-20/03/2016.
https://fgvprojetos.fgv.br/
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
➭ 10 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.
➭ Text – Politics of the Police, Third Edition | http://www.ncjrs.gov |
❑ PROVA:
❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO:
❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO:
Politics of the Police, Third Edition
Política da Polícia, Terceira Edição
The threefold structure of this book describes the history
of the police, the sociology of policing, and the law and
politics of the police. The introduction of this book
distinguishes between who the police are and what policing is
in the United Kingdom. The term "police" refers to a particular
kind of social institution, while "policing" implies a set of
processes with specific social functions. The idea of policing is
an aspect of the more general concept of social control.
A estrutura tripla deste livro descreve a história da polícia, a sociologia do policiamento e o direito e a política da polícia. A introdução deste livro faz a distinção entre quem é a polícia e o que é o policiamento no Reino Unido. O termo "polícia" refere-se a um tipo particular de instituição social, enquanto "policiamento" implica um conjunto de processos com funções sociais específicas. A ideia de policiamento é um aspeto do conceito mais geral de controle social.
Part 1
provides interpretations of police history, the orthodox story of
policing, the revisionist account, and a critique and synthesis.
The establishment of the police was a painful process, which
produced resistance and hostility. In the late 18th and early
19th centuries the police idea was fiercely contested. Part 1
details the rise and fall of police legitimacy from 1856 to 1991.
This includes the depoliticization of the police from 1856 to
1959, and the politicization of the police since 1959.
A Parte 1 apresenta interpretações da história da polícia, a história ortodoxa do policiamento, o relato revisionista, e uma crítica e síntese. O estabelecimento da polícia foi um processo doloroso, que produziu resistência e hostilidade. No final do século XVIII e início do século XIX, a ideia de polícia foi ferozmente contestada. A Parte 1 detalha a ascensão e queda da legitimidade da polícia de 1856 a 1991. Isto inclui a despolitização da polícia de 1856 a 1959, e a politização da polícia desde 1959.
Part 2
considers the knowledge gained by studies of police culture
and work. An understanding of how police officers see the
social world and their role in it is important to an analysis of
what they do. The core characteristics of cop culture, social
research and police practice, and the media presentation of
policing are described.
A Parte 2 considera os conhecimentos adquiridos pelos estudos sobre a cultura e o trabalho da polícia. A compreensão da forma como os agentes da polícia vêem o mundo social e o seu papel nesse mundo é importante para uma análise do que fazem. São descritas as principais características da cultura policial, a investigação social e a prática policial, bem como a apresentação do policiamento pelos meios de comunicação social.
Part 3 describes police powers and
accountability. The last two decades have seen profound
changes in the legal and constitutional status of the police.
Their powers and accountability have been transformed by a
set of overt changes in statute and case law, and by covert
changes in policy and practice. The new millennium of
policing, the cycles of reform, the British New Labour
Government and policing, and the limits of police reform and
policing are discussed.
Part 3 describes police powers and accountability. The last two decades have seen profound changes in the legal and constitutional status of the police. Their powers and accountability have been transformed by a set of overt changes in statute and case law, and by covert changes in policy and practice. The new millennium of policing, the cycles of reform, the British New Labour Government and policing, and the limits of police reform and policing are discussed.
(from http://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=201840, retrieved
on September 23rd, 2008)
31 – (FGV-2008-SF-POLÍCIA LEGISLATIVA FEDERAL)
The book described has a “threefold structure” (line 1). This
means it
(A) analyses several subjects.
(B) is divided in many chapters.
(C) has different perspectives.
(D) is well-structured.
(E) offers three sections.
👍 Gabarito E
❑ The book described has a “threefold structure”. This means it
O livro descrito tem uma "estrutura tripla". Isto significa que
(A) analyses several subjects. – analisa vários temas.
(B) is divided in many chapters. – está dividido em vários capítulos.
(C) has different perspectives. – tem diferentes perspectivas.
(D) is well-structured. – está bem estruturado.
(E) offers three sections. – apresenta três seções.
❑ NO TEXTO: The threefold structure of this book describes the history of the police, the sociology of policing, and the law and politics of the police.
PARTE (1) - the history of the police;
PARTE (2) - the sociology of policing;
PARTE (3) - the law and politics of the police.
32 – (FGV-2008-SF-POLÍCIA LEGISLATIVA FEDERAL)
In the introduction, the book mentions the police in
(A) the United States.
(B) the European Community.
(C) countries including England.
(D) Latin American countries.
(E) the Scandinavian regions.
👍 Gabarito C
❑ In the introduction, the book mentions the police in
Na introdução, o livro menciona a polícia ...
(A) the United States. – nos Estados Unidos.
(B) the European Community. – na Comunidade Europeia.
(C) countries including England. – em países que incluem a Inglaterra.
(D) Latin American countries. – nos países da América Latina.
(E) the Scandinavian regions. – nas regiões escandinavas.
❑ NO TEXTO: The introduction of this book distinguishes between who the police are and what policing is in the United Kingdom.
NOTA: O Reino Unido (The United Kingdom) – Formado por Inglaterra, Escócia, País de Gales e Irlanda do Norte.
33 – (FGV-2008-SF-POLÍCIA LEGISLATIVA FEDERAL)
The underlined word in “a particular kind of social institution”
(lines 5 and 6) means the institution is
(A) specific.
(B) private.
(C) sophisticated.
(D) public.
(E) national.
👍 Gabarito A
❑ The underlined word in “a particular kind of social institution” (lines 5 and 6) means the institution is
(A) specific. – ESPECÍFICO.
(B) private. – PRIVADO.
(C) sophisticated. – SOFISTICADO.
(D) public. – PÚBLICO.
(E) national. – NACIONAL.
❑ TEXTO: "[...] The term "police" refers to a particular kind of social institution, while "policing" implies a set of processes with specific social functions." – O termo "polícia" refere-se a um tipo ESPECÍFICO de instituição social, enquanto "policiamento" implica um conjunto de processos com funções sociais específicas.
❑ PARTICULAR (adjective) - SPECIFIC (ESPECÍFICO) or SPECIAL (ESPECIAL),
From: www.ldoceonline.com
34 – (FGV-2008-SF-POLÍCIA LEGISLATIVA FEDERAL)
When the text says that “The establishment of the police was
a painful process” (lines 11 and 12), it implies that the process
was
(A) easy.
(B) dangerous.
(C) simple.
(D) difficult.
(E) fantastic.
👍 Gabarito D
When the text says that “The establishment of the police was a painful process” (lines 11 and 12), it implies that the process was
(A) easy. – FÁCIL,SIMPLES.
(B) dangerous. – PERIGOSO.
(C) simple. – SIMPLES, FÁCIL.
(D) difficult. – DIFÍCIL, COMPLEXO.
(E) fantastic. – FANTÁSTICO.
❑ NOUN PHRASE - a painful process - um processo doloroso.
❑ No contexto, o adjetivo "PAINFUL" transmite a ideia de DIFFICULT (difícíl, complicado, complexo).
❑ PAINFUL (adjective) - A depender do contexto, pode ser DOLOROSO (de dor física), DOLOROSO(de dor emocional, embaraçoso, vergonhoso, dramático, ) ou DOLOROSO (difícil de fazer, complicado, complexo).
35 – (FGV-2008-SF-POLÍCIA LEGISLATIVA FEDERAL)
If “the police idea was fiercely contested” (lines 13 and 14),
this indicates that the opposition to this idea was
(A) unsafe.
(B) strong.
(C) normal.
(D) mild.
(E) predictable.
👍 Gabarito B
❑ If “the police idea was fiercely contested” (lines 13 and 14), this indicates that the opposition to this idea was
(A) unsafe. – INSEGURA, PERIGOSA/ARRISCADA.
(B) strong. – FORTE/DETERMINADA/INTENSA.
(C) normal. – NORMAL/REGULAR/HABITUAL.
(D) mild. – LEVE/TRANQUILA/SUAVE.
(E) predictable. – PREVISÍVEL/ESPERADA/ESTÁVEL.
❑ SENTENÇA: In the late 18th and early
19th centuries the police idea was fiercely contested. - No final do século 18 e início do século 19, a ideia de polícia foi ferozmente contestada.
❑ ADJECTIVE PHRASE - fiercely contested - ferozmente contestada. (ADVÉRBIO MODIFICANDO ADJETIVO)
❑ No contexto, o advérbio de intensidade "FIERCELY"(=very strongly) adiciona a característica de STRONG (forte, intensa) ao adjetivo "contested".
❑ FIERCELY (adverb) - A depender do contexto, pode transmitir a ideia de "VERY STRONGLY" (muito forte, de forma determinada, de forma intensa) ou "IN AN ANGRY WAY" (violentamente, de forma irada, de forma selvagem).
36 – (FGV-2008-SF-POLÍCIA LEGISLATIVA FEDERAL)
In “how the police officers see the social world”
(lines 18 and 19) see can be replaced by
(A) look for.
(B) perceive.
(C) neglect.
(D) look after.
(E) forecast.
👍 Gabarito B
❑ In “how the police officers see the social world” see can be replaced by:
(A) look for. – PROCURAM.
(B) perceive. – PERCEBEM/COMPREENDEM.
(C) neglect. – NEGLIGENCIAM.
(D) look after. – CUIDAM.
(E) forecast. – PREVÊEM.
❑ SENTENÇA: "how the police officers see the social world" - "como os policiais COMPREENDEM o mundo social"
❑ No contexto, o verbo "to see" é intercambiável com "TO PERCEIVE", "TO UNDERSTAND".
The underlined word in “the core characteristic of cop culture”
(line 20) means
(A) extraordinary.
(B) correct.
(C) peripheral.
(D) problematic.
(E) central.
👍 Gabarito E
❑ The underlined word in “the core characteristic of cop culture” means
(A) extraordinary.
(B) correct.
(C) peripheral.
(D) problematic.
(E) central.
❑ SENTENÇA: "the core characteristic of cop culture" - "a caraterística principal da cultura policial"
❑ No contexto, o substantivo "CORE" significa "MOST IMPORTANT PART" e é intercambiável com "CENTRAL".
The word that replaces profound in “profound changes”
(lines 23 and 24) is
(A) wide.
(B) deep.
(C) large.
(D) main.
(E) narrow.
👍 Gabarito B
❑
39 – (FGV-2008-SF-POLÍCIA LEGISLATIVA FEDERAL)
In “Their powers” (line 25), Their refers to
(A) police.
(B) culture.
(C) status.
(D) characteristics.
(E) changes.
👍 Gabarito A
❑
40 – (FGV-2008-SF-POLÍCIA LEGISLATIVA FEDERAL)
In “a set of overt changes” (lines 25 and 26), the underlined
word means
(A) hole.
(B) crowd.
(C) group.
(D) couple.
(E) detail.
👍 Gabarito C
❑
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