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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
• EFOMM-2008-PS-OFICIAL-MARINHA MERCANTE:
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
• 20 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
• Texto – | Australian Maritime College |
❑ TEXTO:
❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO:
Australian Maritime College
Faculdade Marítima Australiana
(Abstract)
(Resumo)
The ethnic and linguistic make-up of international seafarers has undergone some profound changes over the past half century or so. A composição étnica e lingüística dos marítimos internacionais passou por algumas mudanças profundas ao longo do último meio século.
It is a fact that the learning of English as a second language comes easier to some than to others. There is clearly the factor of personal language learning aptitude, but other aspects play a role also. É fato que o aprendizado do inglês como segunda língua é mais fácil para alguns do que para outros. Existe claramente o fator de aptidão pessoal para o aprendizado de idiomas, mas outros aspectos também desempenham um papel.
If the linguistic background of a person lies in the Teutonic language branch then he or she will generally have little difficulty in grasping English relatively fast. Se o histórico linguístico de uma pessoa estiver no ramo da língua teutônica, ela geralmente terá pouca dificuldade em compreender o inglês relativamente rápido.
More challenging is the learning of the tongue for someone from one of the other five branches of the Indo-European languages such as Indian, Persic, Celtic, Graeco-Latin or Slavonic. Mais desafiador é o aprendizado da língua para alguém de um dos outros cinco ramos das línguas indo-européias, como indiano, persa, celta, greco-latino ou eslavo.
Harder still is the acquisition of English for persons whose mother tongue belongs to the families of Altaic, Sino-Tibetan or Afro-Asiatic languages. Mais difícil ainda é a aquisição do inglês para pessoas cuja língua materna pertence às famílias das línguas altaica, sino-tibetana ou afro-asiática.
Where the usage of a codified language – as in the "Standard Maritime Communication Phrases (SMCP)" – is concerned such fundamental differences may seem of little consequence as phrases are short and simple in terms of language structure. No que diz respeito ao uso de uma linguagem codificada - como nas "Frases Padrão de Comunicação Marítima (SMCP)" - essas diferenças fundamentais podem parecer de pouca importância, pois as frases são curtas e simples em termos de estrutura de linguagem.
However, even here pronunciation remains a serious problem with some speakers from a NESB, non-English-speaking background. No entanto, mesmo aqui, a pronúncia continua sendo um problema sério com alguns falantes de NESB, que não falam inglês.
More importantly, miscommunication can occur due to the fact that language is not just a code. Mais importante, a falta de comunicação pode ocorrer devido ao fato de que a linguagem não é apenas um código.
Communication is embedded within culture and therefore culturally orientated. A comunicação está inserida na cultura e, portanto, culturalmente orientada.
This paper is trying to shed some light on the difficulties and problems some learners of English are confronted with and to what degree seafarers of different ranks should be competent in the four linguistic skills. Este artigo está tentando lançar alguma luz sobre as dificuldades e problemas com os quais alguns alunos de inglês se deparam e até que ponto os marítimos de diferentes níveis devem ser competentes nas quatro habilidades linguísticas.
(Text taken from the Internet)
❑ QUESTIONÁRIO:
01 – (EFOMM-PS-2008-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)The word therefore on line 15 can be replaced by:
(A) unless
(B) even though
(C) even if
(D) hence
(E) however
(C) even if
(D) hence
(E) however
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
- "[...] Communication is embedded within culture and therefore culturally orientated." A comunicação está inserida na cultura e, portanto, culturalmente orientada.
-A palavra "therefore"(portanto) pode ser substituída por:
(A) unless a menos que
(B) even though embora
(C) even if mesmo que
(D) hence portanto
(E) however no entanto
(C) even if mesmo que
(D) hence portanto
(E) however no entanto
- Sinônimos: consequently, so, thus, as a result, hence.
02 – (EFOMM-2008-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
According to the text, we apprehend that the author:
(A) has not considered time an important element in learning English.
(B) believes that some aspects interfere the seafarers’ language learning process.
(C) has defined language as just a code.
(D) mentions that personal language learning aptitude is the only factor taken into account in learning English as a second language.
(E) refers to SMCP as being a very complex system.
(B) believes that some aspects interfere the seafarers’ language learning process.
(C) has defined language as just a code.
(D) mentions that personal language learning aptitude is the only factor taken into account in learning English as a second language.
(E) refers to SMCP as being a very complex system.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito B
De acordo com o texto, apreendemos que o autor:
(A) has not considered time an important element in learning English. não considerou o tempo um elemento importante na aprendizagem do inglês.
(B) believes that some aspects interfere the seafarers’ language learning process. acredita que alguns aspectos interferem no processo de aprendizagem do idioma pelos marítimos.
(C) has defined language as just a code. definiu a linguagem apenas como um código.
(D) mentions that personal language learning aptitude is the only factor taken into account in learning English as a second language. menciona que a aptidão pessoal para aprender a língua é o único fator levado em consideração na aprendizagem do inglês como segunda língua.
(E) refers to SMCP as being a very complex system. refere-se ao SMCP como sendo um sistema muito complexo.
(B) believes that some aspects interfere the seafarers’ language learning process. acredita que alguns aspectos interferem no processo de aprendizagem do idioma pelos marítimos.
(C) has defined language as just a code. definiu a linguagem apenas como um código.
(D) mentions that personal language learning aptitude is the only factor taken into account in learning English as a second language. menciona que a aptidão pessoal para aprender a língua é o único fator levado em consideração na aprendizagem do inglês como segunda língua.
(E) refers to SMCP as being a very complex system. refere-se ao SMCP como sendo um sistema muito complexo.
03 – (EFOMM-2007/2008-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
The word embedded on line 15 means:
(A) dislodged
(B) refused
(C) rooted
(D) remained
(E) disturbed
(C) rooted
(D) remained
(E) disturbed
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
- "[...] Communication is embedded within culture and therefore culturally orientated." A comunicação está inserida na cultura e, portanto, culturalmente orientada.
- A palavra embedded (incorporada, inserida) significa:
(A) dislodged desalojada
(B) refused recusada
(C) rooted enraizada
(D) remained permanecida
(E) disturbed perturbada
(C) rooted enraizada
(D) remained permanecida
(E) disturbed perturbada
04 – (EFOMM-2008-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
David had better _________ his study habits if he hopes to be admitted to a good university.
(A) change
(B) to change
(C) changing
(D) have changed
(E) changed
(C) changing
(D) have changed
(E) changed
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICO - USO GRAMATICAL DO SEMI-MODAL " HAD BETTER" :
David had better change his study habits if he hopes to be admitted to a good university.
É melhor David mudar seus hábitos de estudo se espera ser admitido em uma boa universidade.
(A) change
(B) to change
(C) changing
(D) have changed
(E) changed
(C) changing
(D) have changed
(E) changed
➽REGRAS DE GRAMÁTICA:
- "HAD BETTER" segue BASE FORM, ou seja, o infinitivo sem o “to”:
• Subject + had better + Base Form + …
• Subject + had better not + Base Form + …
(1) ‘d better (after "subject" or "I, You, He, She, We, You, They")
(2) Base Form é o infinitivo sem o “to”:
(3) NEGATIVA FORM: had better not ("better" comes before "not").
➽Why do we use "had better"?:
(1) Had better expresses "advice to do something", and means "would find it wiser or more suitable".
• You had better go now (=it would be good, wise or suitable for you to go now).
05 – (EFOMM-2008-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
Caren has a strange look. She seems to live on ________ frozen meals.
(A) bad-prepare
(B) recent-cooking
(C) old-make
(D) new-preparing
(E) ready-made
(B) recent-cooking
(C) old-make
(D) new-preparing
(E) ready-made
👍 Comentários e Gabarito E
Caren has a strange look. She seems to live on ready-made frozen meals.
Caren tem uma aparência estranha. Ela parece viver de refeições congeladas prontas.
(A) bad-prepare mal preparadas
(B) recent-cooking recém-preparadas
(C) old-make antigas
(D) new-preparing recém-preparadas
(E) ready-made prontas
(B) recent-cooking recém-preparadas
(C) old-make antigas
(D) new-preparing recém-preparadas
(E) ready-made prontas
"How come Bob argued with the waiter? The food _______ awful."
(A) had better be
(B) should have been
(C) can be
(D) must have been
(E) ought to be
(C) can be
(D) must have been
(E) ought to be
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
"How come Bob argued with the waiter? The food must have been awful."
"Como é que Bob discutiu com o garçom? A comida deve ter sido horrível."
"Como é que Bob discutiu com o garçom? A comida deve ter sido horrível."
(A) had better be é melhor que seja
(B) should have been deveria ter sido
(C) can be pode ser
(D) must have been deve ter sido
(E) ought to be deveria ser
(B) should have been deveria ter sido
(C) can be pode ser
(D) must have been deve ter sido
(E) ought to be deveria ser
In: "We were a bit worried about the new manager because we heard that she liked to run a tight ship.", the expression in bold means: 'to be well ...'
(A) organized
(B) disposed
(C) received
(D) placed
(E) educated
(B) disposed
(C) received
(D) placed
(E) educated
👍 Comentários e Gabarito A
Em: "We were a bit worried about the new manager because we heard that she liked to run a tight ship."(Ficamos um pouco preocupados com a nova gerente porque ouvimos dizer que ela gostava de gerenciar um navio organizado.), the expression in bold means: 'to be well ...'
(A) organized organizado
(B) disposed descartado
(C) received recebido
(D) placed colocado
(E) educated educado
(B) disposed descartado
(C) received recebido
(D) placed colocado
(E) educated educado
The invention of the elevator by Elinsha Gray transformed architecture.
If Elinsha hadn't invented the elevator, skyscrapers ____________ have been built.
(A) mustn't
(B) might
(C) should
(D) can
(E) wouldn't
(B) might
(C) should
(D) can
(E) wouldn't
👍 Comentários e Gabarito E
The invention of the elevator by Elinsha Gray transformed architecture. If Elinsha hadn't invented the elevator, skyscrapers wouldn't have been built.
A invenção do elevador por Elinsha Gray transformou a arquitetura. Se Elinsha não tivesse inventado o elevador, os arranha-céus não viriam ser construídos.
(A) mustn't
(B) might
(C) should
(D) can
(E) wouldn't
(C) should
(D) can
(E) wouldn't
The problem ______ discussed by the board of directors when it was proposed again by the supervisors.
(A) had already
(B) is already
(C) had already been
(D) has already
(E) has already been
(C) had already been
(D) has already
(E) has already been
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
The problem had already been discussed by the board of directors when it was proposed again by the supervisors.
O problema já havia sido discutido pelo conselho de administração quando foi novamente proposto pelos supervisores.
(A) had already
(B) is already
(C) had already been (Past Perfect na Voz Passiva)
(D) has already
(E) has already been
(C) had already been (Past Perfect na Voz Passiva)
(D) has already
(E) has already been
➽REGRAS DE GRAMÁTICA:
• Estrutura 1(dada na sentença): was proposed (Past Simple in Passive Voice).
• Estrutura 2(requerida contextualmente): had already been discussed by (Past Perfect in Passive Voice).
The lecture we've attended was not good. It was quite ______, and the audience was ______.
(A) amusing / amused
(B) bored / boring
(C) amused / amusing
(D) boring / bored
(E) interesting / interested
(C) amused / amusing
(D) boring / bored
(E) interesting / interested
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - USO CONTEXTUAL DE ADJETIVOS PARTICIPIAS ( Derivados de Particípios Presentes ou Particípios Passados ) :
The lecture we've attended was not good. It was quite boring, and the audience was bored.
A palestra que assistimos não foi boa. Foi muito chata e a platéia ficou entediada.
(A) amusing / amused
(B) bored / boring
(C) amused / amusing
(D) boring / bored
(E) interesting / interested
(C) amused / amusing
(D) boring / bored
(E) interesting / interested
➽JUSTIFICATIVA SEMÂNTICA E CONTEXTUAL:
• 1º ADJETIVO (com terminação '-ing', porque o contexto exige um adjetivo que provoque uma reação emocional): boring (chato, sem graça, tedioso).
• 2º ADJETIVO (com terminação '-ed', porque o contexto exige um adjetivo que provoque uma reação emocional): boring (chato, sem graça, tedioso).
➭ ADJETIVO PARTICIPIAL COM TERMINAÇÃO -ING: São adjetivos que provocam uma REAÇÃO EMOCIONAL.
➭ BORING - CHATO, SEM GRAÇA, TEDIOSO, não é interessante, não é excitante.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org
/dictionary/english/boring?q=BORING
➭ ADJETIVO PARTICIPIAL COM TERMINAÇÃO -ED: São adjetivos que descrevem uma REAÇÃO EMOCIONAL na qual a pessoa fica.
➭ BORED - ENTEDIADO.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/
dictionary/english/bored?q=BORED
11 – (EFOMM-2007/2008-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
At the cafeteria Susan offers Lucy something to drink.
Susan: "Would you like ______tea?"
Lucy: "Yes, please."
(A) some
(B) any
(C) many
(D) much
(E) little
(B) any
(C) many
(D) much
(E) little
👍 Comentários e Gabarito A
❑ TEXTO: Choose the best answer in questions (12) to (15) to complete the blanks in the text below:
"The __(12) __ convention regulating and preventing marine pollution __(13) __ ship is the IMO International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating __(14) __ (MARPOL 73/78.) It __(15) __ accidental and operational oil pollution as well as pollution by chemicals, goods in packaged form, sewage, garbage and air pollution".
12 – (EFOMM-2007/2008-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
(A) so important as
(B) important than
(C) more important
(D) as important as
(E) most important
(B) important than
(C) more important
(D) as important as
(E) most important
👍 Comentários e Gabarito E
13 – (EFOMM-2007/2008-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
(A) to
(B) by
(C) in
(D) on
(E) at
(B) by
(C) in
(D) on
(E) at
👍 Comentários e Gabarito B
14 – (EFOMM-2007/2008-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
(A) so as to
(B) therefore
(C) thereto
(D) so that
(E) in order to
(B) therefore
(C) thereto
(D) so that
(E) in order to
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
15 – (EFOMM-2007/2008-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
(A) covers
(B) may cover
(C) should cover
(D) might have covered
(E) had covered
(B) may cover
(C) should cover
(D) might have covered
(E) had covered
👍 Comentários e Gabarito A
16 – (EFOMM-2007/2008-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
In 'We not only missed our plane, we had to spend a night at the airport as well.',
the synonymous sentence to the following statement is:
(A) Not only did we miss our plane, we had to spend a night at the airport too.
(B) We did not miss our plane only, but we also spended a night at the airport.
(C) We only did not missed our plane, we spent a night at the airport too.
(D) We did not only missed our plane, but also we had to spend a night at the airport.
(E) Only we did not miss our plane, we have to spend a night at the airport as well.
(B) We did not miss our plane only, but we also spended a night at the airport.
(C) We only did not missed our plane, we spent a night at the airport too.
(D) We did not only missed our plane, but also we had to spend a night at the airport.
(E) Only we did not miss our plane, we have to spend a night at the airport as well.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito A
17 – (EFOMM-2007/2008-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
Choose the appropriate synonymous sentence to:
"She seldom goes to conferences now".
(A) She almost goes to conferences now.
(B) She often goes to conferences now.
(C) She hardly ever goes to coferences now.
(D) She regularly goes to conferences now.
(E) She frequently goes to conferences now.
(B) She often goes to conferences now.
(C) She hardly ever goes to coferences now.
(D) She regularly goes to conferences now.
(E) She frequently goes to conferences now.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
Escolha a frase sinônima apropriada para:
"She seldom goes to conferences now". Ela raramente vai a conferências agora.
(A) She almost goes to conferences now. Ela quase vai a conferências agora.
(B) She often goes to conferences now. Ela costuma ir a conferências agora.
(C) She hardly ever goes to coferences now. Ela quase nunca vai a conferências agora.
(D) She regularly goes to conferences now. Ela vai regularmente a conferências agora.
(E) She frequently goes to conferences now. Ela vai frequentemente a conferências agora.
(B) She often goes to conferences now. Ela costuma ir a conferências agora.
(C) She hardly ever goes to coferences now. Ela quase nunca vai a conferências agora.
(D) She regularly goes to conferences now. Ela vai regularmente a conferências agora.
(E) She frequently goes to conferences now. Ela vai frequentemente a conferências agora.
The alternative with the same meaning as "She saw it was raining, so she took an umbrella."
is:
(A) Even though it was raining, she took an umbrella.
(B) She took an umbrella then it was raining.
(C) It was raining and she saw.
(D) Seeing it was raining, she took an umbrella.
(E) It was raining because she took an umbrella.
(B) She took an umbrella then it was raining.
(C) It was raining and she saw.
(D) Seeing it was raining, she took an umbrella.
(E) It was raining because she took an umbrella.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
A alternativa com o mesmo significado de "She saw it was raining, so she took an umbrella." (Ela viu que estava chovendo, então pegou um guarda-chuva.) é:
(A) Even though it was raining, she took an umbrella. Mesmo chovendo, ela levou guarda-chuva.
(B) She took an umbrella then it was raining. Ela pegou um guarda-chuva então estava chovendo.
(C) It was raining and she saw. Estava chovendo e ela viu.
(D) Seeing it was raining, she took an umbrella. Vendo que estava chovendo, ela pegou um guarda-chuva.
(E) It was raining because she took an umbrella. Estava chovendo porque ela levou guarda-chuva.
(B) She took an umbrella then it was raining. Ela pegou um guarda-chuva então estava chovendo.
(C) It was raining and she saw. Estava chovendo e ela viu.
(D) Seeing it was raining, she took an umbrella. Vendo que estava chovendo, ela pegou um guarda-chuva.
(E) It was raining because she took an umbrella. Estava chovendo porque ela levou guarda-chuva.
The subordinator although can be used in which sentence?
(A) _____Haiti is a poor country, Canada is very rich.
(B) Carol married Walter. ____, she doesn’t love him.
(C) We understood her ____ her accent.
(D) ____ the rain, my cousins went to the seashore yesterday.
(E) ___ you refuse to admit it, that economic policy is in ruins.
(B) Carol married Walter. ____, she doesn’t love him.
(C) We understood her ____ her accent.
(D) ____ the rain, my cousins went to the seashore yesterday.
(E) ___ you refuse to admit it, that economic policy is in ruins.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito E
-"ALTHOUGH" vem antes de "Sujeito + Verbo de ação":
The subordinator although can be used in which sentence?
(A) _____Haiti is a poor country, Canada is very rich.
(B) Carol married Walter. ____, she doesn’t love him.
(C) We understood her ____her accent.
(D) ____the rain, my cousins went to the seashore yesterday.
(E) ___ you refuse to admit it, that economic policy is in ruins.
(B) Carol married Walter. ____, she doesn’t love him.
(C) We understood her ____
(D) ____
(E) ___ you refuse to admit it, that economic policy is in ruins.
20 – (EFOMM-2007/2008-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
The word since can be used to appropriately fill in the blank of which sentence below?
(A) She is living here ________ 1997.
(B) They have worked _______ three hours.
(C) I have been staying at this hotel ______ many days before I decided to rent a house.
(D) Frank has worked at this company _______ he moved to San Francisco.
(E) Edward lives in New York ______ he was born.
(B) They have worked _______ three hours.
(C) I have been staying at this hotel ______ many days before I decided to rent a house.
(D) Frank has worked at this company _______ he moved to San Francisco.
(E) Edward lives in New York ______ he was born.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
The word since can be used to appropriately fill in the blank of which sentence below?
(A) She is living here ________ 1997.
(B) They have worked for three hours. (“For” é usado para expressar um INTERVALO DE TEMPO)
(C) I have been staying at this hotel for many days before I decided to rent a house. (“For” é usado para expressar um INTERVALO DE TEMPO)
(D) Frank has worked at this company since he moved to San Francisco. Frank trabalha nesta empresa desde que se mudou para São Francisco. (Since” é expressa um ponto de partida no tempo e é usado com Present Perfect)
(E) Edward lives in New York ______ he was born.
(B) They have worked for three hours. (“For” é usado para expressar um INTERVALO DE TEMPO)
(C) I have been staying at this hotel for many days before I decided to rent a house. (“For” é usado para expressar um INTERVALO DE TEMPO)
(D) Frank has worked at this company since he moved to San Francisco. Frank trabalha nesta empresa desde que se mudou para São Francisco. (Since” é expressa um ponto de partida no tempo e é usado com Present Perfect)
(E) Edward lives in New York ______ he was born.
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