Teaching English in the Brazilian countryside
“In Brazil, countryside youth want to learn about new places, new cultures and people. However,
they think their everyday lives are an obstacle to that, because they imagine that country life has nothing
to do with other parts of the world”, says Rafael Fonseca. Rafael teaches English in a language school in a
cooperative coffee cultivation in Paraguaçu. His learners are the children of rural workers.
Rafael tells us that the objective of the project being developed in the cooperative is to give the
young people more opportunities of growth in the countryside, and that includes the ability to communicate
with international buyers. “In the future, our project may help overcome the lack of succession in countryside
activities because, nowadays, rural workers’ children become lawyers, engineers, teachers, and sometimes
even doctors, but those children very rarely want to have a profession related to rural work”, says Rafael.
“That happens”, he adds, “because their parents understand that life in the countryside can be hard
work and they do not want to see their children running the same type of life that they have. Their children
also believe that life in the country does not allow them to have contact with other parts of the world,
meet other people and improve cultural bounds. The program intends to show them that by means of a
second language they can travel, communicate with new people and learn about new cultures as a means
of promoting and selling what they produce in the country, and that includes receiving visitors in their
workplace from abroad.”
Rafael’s strategy is to contextualize the English language and keep learners up-to-date with what
happens in the global market. “Integrating relevant topics about countryside living can be transformative in
the classroom. The local regional and cultural aspects are a great source of inspiration and learning not only
for the young, but for us all.”
- Adapted from http://www.cambridge.org/elt/blog/2019/01/21/teaching-english-in-the-brazilian-classroom/
45 – In the sentence
- “... our project may help overcome the lack of succession in countryside
activities...” (paragraph 2),
the word overcome means
[A] increase a problem.
[B] hide a problem.
[C] control a problem.
[D] start a problem.
[E] neglect a problem.
• Gabarito C
In the sentence
- “... our project may help overcome the lack of succession in countryside activities...” (paragraph 2),
- “... nosso projeto pode ajudar a superar a falta de sucessão nas atividades rurais...”
the word overcome means
[A] increase a problem. aumentar um problema.
[B] hide a problem. esconder um problema.
[C] control a problem. controlar um problema.
[D] start a problem. iniciar um problema.
[E] neglect a problem. negligenciar um problema.
46 – Choose the alternative with the correct reference for the underlined words from the text.
[A] they (paragraph 1) = countryside youth
[B] his (paragraph 1) = Paraguaçu
[C] us (paragraph 2) = workers
[D] their (paragraph 3) = rural workers’ children
[E] them (paragraph 3) = other parts of the world
• Gabarito A
[A] they (paragraph 1) = countryside youth
[B] his (paragraph 1) = Paraguaçu
[C] us (paragraph 2) = workers
[D] their (paragraph 3) = rural workers’ children
[E] them (paragraph 3) = other parts of the world
47 – According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative.
I. Rafael tries to show them that their everyday lives are not an obstacle.
II. Those children’s parents don’t want them to attend university.
III. Rafael brings classroom topics close to what the children see and live.
IV. Those children may replace their parents in the future as rural workers.
V. The language school reaffirms that country life has nothing to do with other parts of the
world.
[A] I, II and IV are correct.
[B] II, IV, and V are correct.
[C] All of them are correct.
[D] I, III, IV and V are correct
[E] I, III and IV are correct.
• Gabarito E
[A] I, II and IV are correct.
[B] II, IV, and V are correct.
[C] All of them are correct.
[D] I, III, IV and V are correct
[E] I, III and IV are correct.
According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative.
De acordo com o texto, leia as afirmações e escolha a alternativa correta.
I. Rafael tries to show them that their everyday lives are not an obstacle.
Rafael tenta mostrar a eles que o cotidiano deles não é um obstáculo.
II. Those children’s parents don’t want them to attend university.
Os pais dessas crianças não querem que elas frequentem a universidade.
III. Rafael brings classroom topics close to what the children see and live.
Rafael aproxima os temas da sala de aula do que as crianças veem e vivem.
IV. Those children may replace their parents in the future as rural workers.
Essas crianças podem substituir seus pais no futuro como trabalhadores rurais.
V. The language school reaffirms that country life has nothing to do with other parts of the world.
A escola de idiomas reafirma que a vida no campo não tem nada a ver com outras partes do mundo.
• TEXTO 2
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 48, 49 e 50.
(Título omitido propositadamente)
Italian children have been told not to turn up to school unless they can prove they have been
properly vaccinated. The deadline follows months of national debate over compulsory vaccination. The
new law came amid a surge in measles cases - but Italian officials say vaccination rates have improved
since it was introduced. Children must receive a range of mandatory immunisations before attending
school. They include vaccinations for chickenpox, polio, measles, mumps and rubella.
Children up to the age of six years will be excluded from nursery and kindergarten without proof
of vaccination under the new rules. Those aged between six and 16 cannot be banned from attending
school, but their parents face fines if they do not complete the mandatory course of immunisations.
Italian media report that regional authorities are handling the situation in a number of different
ways. In Bologna, the local authority has set letters of suspension to the parents of some 300
children, and a total of 5,000 children do not have their vaccine documentation up to date. In other
areas there have been no reported cases, while still others have been given a grace period of a few
days beyond the deadline.
The new law was passed to raise Italy’s dropping vaccination rates from below 80% to the World
Health Organisation’s 95% target.
- Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47536981
48 – Choose the most appropriate title for the text.
[A] Italy bans unvaccinated children from school.
[B] Italian vaccination rates increased to 80% this year.
[C] National debate over compulsory vaccination has no deadline.
[D] Parents to face fines if they are not immunised in Italy.
[E] Italy prohibits immunisation campaigns in schools.
• Gabarito A
Choose the most appropriate title for the text.
[A] Italy bans unvaccinated children from school.
Itália proíbe crianças não vacinadas de frequentar a escola.
[B] Italian vaccination rates increased to 80% this year.
[C] National debate over compulsory vaccination has no deadline.
[D] Parents to face fines if they are not immunised in Italy.
[E] Italy prohibits immunisation campaigns in schools.
49 – Choose the statement in which the word range is used with the same meaning as in paragraph 1.
[A] It came within my range of vision.
[B] The bomb was tested on a missile range in the desert.
[C] Prices range between £7 and £10.
[D] There is a wide range of opinions on this issue.
[E] She was cooking soup on the range.
• Gabarito D
Choose the statement in which the word range is used with the same meaning as in paragraph 1.
[A] It came within my range of vision.
[B] The bomb was tested on a missile range in the desert.
[C] Prices range between £7 and £10.
[D] There is a wide range of opinions on this issue.
[E] She was cooking soup on the range.
50 – In the sentence
- “...while still others have been given a grace period of a few days...”
(paragraph 3),
the expression grace period means
[A] tiebreak.
[B] dead end.
[C] extra time.
[D] target.
[E] timetable.
• Gabarito C
- “...while still others have been given a grace period of a few days...” (paragraph 3),
the expression grace period means
[A] tiebreak.
[B] dead end.
[C] extra time.
[D] target.
[E] timetable.
• TEXTO 3
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 51, 52 e 53.
Lego wants to replace plastic blocks with sustainable materials
The Lego Group wants to replace the plastic in their products with a “sustainable material” by 2030,
the company announced.
The world’s largest toy company will invest $1 billion in their new LEGO Sustainable Materials Centre
in Denmark, which _______(1) devoted to finding and implementing new sustainable alternatives for their
current building materials. Lego plans on hiring 100 specialists for the center. There is no official definition
of a sustainable material.
Legos _______(2) made with a strong plastic known as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene since 1963.
The company uses more than 6,000 tons of plastic annually to manufacture its products, according to NBC
News.
Changing the raw material could have a large effect on Lego’s carbon footprint, especially considering
that only 10% of the carbon emissions from Lego products come from its factories. The other 90% is
produced from the extraction and refinement of raw materials, as well as distribution from factories to toy
stores.
The company _______(3) already taken steps to lower its carbon footprint, including a reduction of
packaging size and an investment in an offshore wind farm.
- Adapted from http://time.com/3931946/lego-sustainable-materials/
51 – In the sentence
- “Changing the raw material could have a large effect on Lego’s carbon
footprint...” (paragraph 4),
the expression carbon footprint means[A] carbon dioxide separation technology for industrial and gas treating applications.
[B] estimation of soil carbon saturation that indicates its potential to store more carbon.
[C] the amount of carbon dioxide produced by the activities of a company.
[D] species that are particularly sensitive and disappear after a pollution event.
[E] long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth’s climate system.
• Gabarito C
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICO - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
52 – (ESPCEX-2019-CADETE DO EXÉRCITO) Choose the alternative containing the correct verb forms to complete gaps (1), (2) and (3) in
paragraphs 2, 3 and 5 respectively.
[A] have, will be, have
[B] are, have been, have
[C] will be, has been, hasn’t
[D] will be, have been, has
[E] will be, haven’t been, has
• Gabarito D
[A] have, will be, have
[B] are, have been, have
[C] will be, has been, hasn’t
[D] will be, have been, has
[E] will be, haven’t been, has
53 – According to the text, choose the correct statement.
[A] A new sustainable material has already been chosen.
[B] Lego has already reduced the size of their packaging.
[C] Lego is planning to reduce the size of their products.
[D] Lego’s raw material will continue to be the same.
[E] They are going to hire 100 specialists in 2030.
• Gabarito B
According to the text, choose the correct statement.
[A] A new sustainable material has already been chosen.
Um novo material sustentável já foi escolhido.
[B] Lego has already reduced the size of their packaging.
A Lego já reduziu o tamanho das suas embalagens
[C] Lego is planning to reduce the size of their products.
A Lego está planejando reduzir o tamanho dos seus produtos.
[D] Lego’s raw material will continue to be the same.
A matéria-prima da Lego continuará a ser a mesma.
[E] They are going to hire 100 specialists in 2030.
Vão contratar 100 especialistas em 2030.
• TEXTO 4
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 54, 55 e 56.
Prison without guards or weapons in Brazil
Tatiane Correia de Lima is a 26-year-old mother of two who is serving a 12-year sentence in Brazil.
The South American country has the world’s fourth largest prison population and its jails regularly come
under the spotlight for their poor conditions, with chronic overcrowding and gang violence provoking
deadly riots.
Lima had just been moved from a prison in the mainstream penitential system to a facility run
______(1) the Association for the Protection and Assistance to Convicts (APAC) in the town of Itaúna, in
Minas Gerais state. Unlike in the mainstream system, “which steals your femininity”, as Lima puts it, at the
APAC jail she is allowed to wear her own clothes and have a mirror, make-up and hair dye. But the
difference between the regimes is far more than skin-deep.
The APAC system has been gaining growing recognition as a safer, cheaper and more humane answer
to the country’s prison crisis. All APAC prisoners must have passed through the mainstream system and
must show remorse and be willing to follow the strict regime of work and study which is part of the
system’s philosophy. There are no guards or weapons and visitors are greeted by an inmate who unlocks
the main door to the small women’s jail.
Inmates are known as recuperandos (recovering people), reflecting the APAC focus ______(2)
restorative justice and rehabilitation. They must study and work, sometimes in collaboration with the local
community. If they do not - or if they try to abscond - they risk being returned to the mainstream system.
There have been physical fights but never a murder at an APAC jail.
- Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-44056946
54 – Choose the alternative containing the correct words to respectively complete gaps (1) and (2).
[A] to, in
[B] in, of
[C] at, on
[D] by, from
[E] by, on
• Gabarito E
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICO - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
55 – In the sentence
- “But the difference between the regimes is far more than skin-deep.”
(paragraph 2),
the expression skin-deep means
[A] protective.
[B] extreme.
[C] shocking.
[D] profound.
[E] superficial.
• Gabarito E
- “But the difference between the regimes is far more than skin-deep.”
- Mas a diferença entre os regimes é muito mais do que superficial.
the expression skin-deep means
[A] protective.
[B] extreme.
[C] shocking.
[D] profound.
[E] superficial.
56 – (ESPCEX-2019-CADETE DO EXÉRCITO) According to the text, choose the correct statement.
[A] Brazil’s prison system is the most populous in the world.
[B] The prisoners must regret their previous crimes to be relocated to an APAC jail.
[C] There have been no cases of aggression inside APAC facilities.
[D] Lima has a child who is 12 years old.
[E] Brazil is known for its poverty and street protests.
• Gabarito B
According to the text, choose the correct statement.
De acordo com o texto, escolha a afirmação correta.
[A] Brazil’s prison system is the most populous in the world.
O sistema prisional do Brasil é o mais populoso do mundo.
[B] The prisoners must regret their previous crimes to be relocated to an APAC jail.
Os prisioneiros devem se arrepender de seus crimes anteriores para serem realocados para uma prisão da APAC.
[C] There have been no cases of aggression inside APAC facilities.
Não houve casos de agressão dentro das instalações da APAC.
[D] Lima has a child who is 12 years old.
Lima tem um filho de 12 anos.
[E] Brazil is known for its poverty and street protests.
O Brasil é conhecido por sua pobreza e protestos de rua.
