- Texto 1 – | Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans | https://en.Wikipedia.org |
- Texto 2 – | Marshal Rondon | https://en.wikipedia.org |
- Texto 3 – | Significant review and repair bill await Spirit Airlines | https://simpleflying.com |
- Texto 4 – | Ethiopian Airlines And Boeing Form Venture To Manufacture Parts | https://simpleflying.com |
- Texto 5 – | Bird Strike | pilotinstitute.com |
- Texto 6 – | The father of fligh | Leaders of the Century | Time Special Issue | Latin American Leaders for the New Millennium |
- Texto 7 – | More 737s mean more new route | https://simpleflying.com |
- Texto 8 – | Cumulonimbus cloud | https://pilotinstitute.com |
- Texto 9 – | Boeing vs. Airbus | English Grammar in Use | pilotinstitute.com |
- Texto 10 – | FAA To Require Inspection Of Some Pratt & Whitney GTF Engines | https://simpleflying.com |
- Texto 11 – | Pilot Sharps opinion | https://simpleflying.com |
- Texto 12 – | FAA To Require Inspection Of Some Pratt & Whitney GTF Engines |
| https://simpleflying.com | - 24 Multiple Choice Questions | Four-Option Question |
Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans
Furacão Katrina em New Orleans
The eye of Hurricane Katrina was forecast to pass through the city of New Orleans.
A previsão era de que o olho do furacão Katrina passasse pela cidade de New Orleans.
In that event, the wind was predicted to come from the north as the storm passed, forcing large volumes of water from Lake Pontchartrain against the levees and possibly into the city.
Neste caso, previa-se que o vento soprasse de norte à medida que a tempestade passasse, forçando grandes volumes de água do Lago Pontchartrain contra os diques e, possivelmente, para o interior da cidade.
It was also forecast that the storm surge in Lake Pontchartrain would reach (4.3–5.5 m), with waves reaching (2.1 m) above the storm surge.
Previa-se também que a maré de tempestade no Lago Pontchartrain atingisse (4,3–5,5 m), com as ondas a atingirem (2,1 m) acima da maré de tempestade.
On August 28, at 10:00 a.m. CDT, the National Weather Service (NWS) field office in New Orleans issued a bulletin predicting catastrophic damage to New Orleans and the surrounding region.
No dia 28 de agosto, às 10h00 (CDT), o escritório de campo do Serviço Meteorológico Nacional (NWS) em New Orleans emitiu um boletim prevendo danos catastróficos para New Orleans e a região circundante.
Anticipated effects included, at the very least, the partial destruction of half of the well-constructed houses in the city, severe damage to most industrial buildings, rendering them inoperable, the “total destruction” of all wood-framed low-rise apartment buildings, all windows blowing out in high-rise office buildings, and the creation of a huge debris field of trees, telephone poles, cars, and collapsed buildings.
Os efeitos previstos incluíam, no mínimo, a destruição parcial de metade das casas bem construídas da cidade, danos severos na maioria dos edifícios industriais, tornando-os inoperacionais, a "destruição total" de todos os edifícios de apartamentos baixos com estrutura de madeira, a explosão de todas as janelas dos edifícios comerciais altos e a criação de um enorme campo de escombros com árvores, postes telefônicos, carros e edifícios desabados.
Lack of clean water was predicted to “make human suffering incredible by modern standards”.
A falta de água potável foi prevista como algo que "tornaria o sofrimento humano inacreditável para os padrões modernos".
It was also predicted that the standing water caused by the storm surge would render most of the city uninhabitable for weeks.
Previu-se também que a água estagnada causada pela maré de tempestade, tornaria a maior parte da cidade inabitável durante semanas.
Some experts said that it could take six months or longer to pump all the water out of the city.
Alguns especialistas disseram que poderia demorar seis meses ou mais para bombear toda a água para fora da cidade.
- Adapted from https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/hurricane_Katrina.
73 – According to the text, On August 28,
a) authorities had everything under the control.
b) there was an awful prediction for New Orleans and nearby region.
c) in the evening, a catastrophic damage to New Orleans was predicted.
d) it was predicted a total destruction of half of well-constructed houses in the city.
• Gabarito B
According to the text, On August 28,
De acordo com o texto, a 28 de agosto,
a) authorities had everything under the control.
as autoridades tinham tudo sob controle.
b) there was an awful prediction for New Orleans and nearby region.
houve uma previsão terrível para New Orleans e região.
c) in the evening, a catastrophic damage to New Orleans was predicted.
à noite, foram previstos danos catastróficos para Nova Orleães.
d) it was predicted a total destruction of half of well-constructed houses in the city.
previu-se a destruição total de metade das casas bem construídas da cidade.
>> TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA OPÇÃO (B):
• "[...] On August 28, at 10:00 a.m. CDT, the National Weather Service (NWS) field office in New Orleans issued a bulletin predicting catastrophic damage to New Orleans and the surrounding region."
• No dia 28 de agosto, às 10h00 (CDT), o escritório de campo do Serviço Meteorológico Nacional (NWS) em New Orleans emitiu um boletim prevendo danos catastróficos para New Orleans e a região circundante.
74 – According to the text, choose the best alternative.
a) It wouldn’t be possible to live in New Orleans just after Katrina.
b) The lack of clean water wouldn’t happen right after the tragedy.
c) There would be an evacuation after six months.
d) People would suffer huge losses.
• Gabarito D
According to the text, choose the best alternative.
De acordo com o texto, escolha a melhor alternativa.
a) It wouldn’t be possible to live in New Orleans just after Katrina.
Não seria possível viver em Nova Orleães logo após o Katrina.
b) The lack of clean water wouldn’t happen right after the tragedy.
A falta de água potável não ocorreria logo após a tragédia.
c) There would be an evacuation after six months.
Haveria uma evacuação ao fim de seis meses. d) As pessoas sofreriam enormes perdas.
d) People would suffer huge losses.
As pessoas sofreriam perdas enormes.
75 – According to the text, we can say that Hurricane Katrina was not predicted to bring
a) earthquakes.
b) destruction.
c) suffering.
d) damage.
• Gabarito A
According to the text, we can say that Hurricane Katrina was not predicted to bring
De acordo com o texto, podemos dizer que o furacão Katrina não estava previsto trazer
a) earthquakes.
terremotos, sismos.
b) destruction.
destruição.
c) suffering.
sofrimento.
d) damage.
danos.
76 – According to the text, we can say that
a) there was no possibility of flood.
b) Katrina would result in a great tragedy.
c) the storm would come from Mississippi.
d) Katrina would pass over the city of New Orleans.
• Gabarito B
According to the text, we can say that
De acordo com o texto, podemos dizer que
a) there was no possibility of flood.
não havia possibilidade de inundação.
b) Katrina would result in a great tragedy.
Katrina resultaria numa grande tragédia.
c) the storm would come from Mississippi.
a tempestade viria do Mississipi.
d) Katrina would pass over the city of New Orleans.
Katrina passaria sobre a cidade de New Orleans.
❑ TEXTO 2: Read the text and answer questions 77, 78, 79 and 80.
Marshal Rondon
Marechal Rondon
“Marshal Cândido Mariano da Silva Rondon was a Brazilian military officer most famous for his telegraph commission and exploration of Mato Grosso and the Western Amazon Basin, as well as his lifelong support for indigenous Brazilians.
O Marechal Cândido Mariano da Silva Rondon foi um oficial militar brasileiro mais famoso pela sua comissão telegráfica e exploração do Mato Grosso e da Bacia Amazônica Ocidental, bem como pelo seu apoio vitalício aos indígenas brasileiros.
He was the first director of Brazil’s Indian Protection Service or SPI (later FUNAI) and supported the creation of the Xingu National Park.
Foi o primeiro diretor do Serviço de Proteção aos Índios do Brasil ou SPI (mais tarde FUNAI) e apoiou a criação do Parque Nacional do Xingu.
The Brazilian state of Rondônia is named after him, it was a tribute, and he has even been called “the Gandhi of Brazil Biography”.
O estado brasileiro de Rondônia recebeu o seu nome em sua homenagem, foi uma homenagem e chegou a ser chamado de “Gandhi da Biografia do Brasil”.
Rondon was born in Mimoso, in Mato Grosso.
Rondon nasceu em Mimoso, no Mato Grosso.
After finishing high school at the age of 16, he taught elementary school for two years, and then joined the Brazilian Army.
Após concluir o ensino secundário, aos 16 anos, lecionou no ensino básico durante dois anos e, de seguida, ingressou no Exército Brasileiro.
Among other studies, he studied Mathematics and Physical and Natural Sciences at the Superior School of War.
Entre outros estudos, frequentou Matemática e Ciências Físicas e Naturais na Escola Superior de Guerra.
He entered officer’s school and graduated in 1888 as a second lieutenant.
Ingressou na escola de oficiais e formou-se em 1888 como segundo-tenente.
In 1890, he was commissioned as an army engineer with the Telegraphic commission, and helped build the first telegraph line across the state of Mato Grosso.
Em 1890, foi comissionado como engenheiro do exército pela Comissão Telegráfica e ajudou a construir a primeira linha telegráfica através do estado de Mato Grosso.
Afterwards, Rondon started construction on a road that led from Rio de Janeiro to Cuiabá.
Depois, Rondon iniciou a construção de uma estrada que ligaria o Rio de Janeiro a Cuiabá.
Until this roadway was complete, the only way between these two cities was by river transport.
Até que esta estrada estivesse concluída, a única forma de ligar as duas cidades era por navegação fluvial.
From 1900 to 1906, Rondon was in charge of laying telegraph lines from Brazil to Bolivia and Peru.
De 1900 a 1906, Rondon foi responsável pela instalação de linhas telegráficas do Brasil para a Bolívia e o Peru.
During this time he opened up new territory, and was in contact with the Bororo Tribe of Western Brazil.
Durante este período, desbravou novos territórios e esteve em contacto com a tribo Bororo do oeste do Brasil.
He was so successful in pacifying the Bororo, that he completed the telegraph line with their help.
Teve tanto sucesso em pacificar os Bororo que completou a linha telegráfica com a ajuda deles.
Rondon laid over 4,000 miles of telegraph line through the jungles of Brazil.
Rondon instalou mais de 6.400 km de linhas telegráficas nas selvas do Brasil.
Marshall Rondon was honored with the title “Patron of the Communications Corps of the Brazilian Army”.
O Marechal Rondon foi homenageado com o título de “Patrono do Corpo de Comunicações do Exército Brasileiro”.
On 5 May 1955, the date of his 90th birthday, he was awarded the title of Marshal of the Brazilian Army, granted by the National Congress.
A 5 de maio de 1955, data em que completou 90 anos, foi agraciado com o título de Marechal do Exército Brasileiro, atribuído pelo Congresso Nacional.
In 1957, he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize by the Explorers Club of New York.
Em 1957, foi nomeado para o Prémio Nobel da Paz pelo Explorers Club de Nova Iorque.
And decades earlier, Albert Einstein had recommended Rondon
to the Nobel committee.
E décadas antes, Albert Einstein recomendara Rondon ao comité do Nobel.
He died in 1958 in Rio de Janeiro at the age of 92.
Morreu em 1958 no Rio de Janeiro, aos 92 anos.
Vocabulary:
Bororo - indígena pertencente ao grupo dos
Bororos.
- Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candido_Rondon.
77 – According to the text, we can infer that
a) Rondon was an expert in Mathematics, Physical and Natural Science.
b) Rondon was graduated Marshall at the Superior School of War.
c) Rondon was in charge of Brazil’s Indian Protection Service.
d) Bororo was an indian tribe from Bolivia.
• Gabarito C
According to the text, we can infer that
De acordo com o texto, podemos inferir que
a) Rondon was an expert in Mathematics, Physical and Natural Science.
Rondon era especialista em Matemática, Ciências Físicas e Naturais.
b) Rondon was graduated Marshall at the Superior School of War.
Rondon formou-se Marechal na Escola Superior de Guerra.
c) Rondon was in charge of Brazil’s Indian Protection Service.
Rondon era o responsável pelo Serviço de Proteção aos Índios do Brasil.
d) Bororo was an indian tribe from Bolivia.
Bororo era uma tribo indígena da Bolívia.
78 – According to the text, we just can’t infer that,
a) Rondon was a Military.
b) Rondônia was named in his honor.
c) He didn’t have any similarities to Gandy.
d) He was honored with the title “Patron of the Communications Corps of the Brazilian Army”, due to his great work and contribution laying telegraph lines through the country.
• Gabarito C
According to the text, we just can’t infer that,
De acordo com o texto, não podemos simplesmente inferir que:
a) Rondon was a Military.
Rondon era militar.
b) Rondônia was named in his honor.
A Rondônia foi nomeada em sua homenagem.
c) He didn’t have any similarities to Gandy.
Não tinha qualquer semelhança com Gandy.
d) He was honored with the title “Patron of the Communications Corps of the Brazilian Army”, due to his great work and contribution laying telegraph lines through the country.
Foi homenageado com o título de "Patrono do Corpo de Comunicações do Exército Brasileiro", devido ao seu grande trabalho e contributo na instalação de linhas telegráficas por todo o país.
79 – Read the following sentences.
- I - Gandhi was Rondon’s relative.
- II - Rondon took part in Xingu National Park creation.
- III - Rondon dedicated the most part of his life to children education.
- IV - Cândido Mariano Rondon’s name was first indicated by Albert Einstein to the Nobel committee.
According to the text, choose the alternative that contains the correct sentences.
a) I and III
b) II and IV
c) III and IV
d) I and II
• Gabarito B
According to the text, choose the alternative that contains the correct sentences.
a) I and III
b) II and IV
c) III and IV
d) I and II
I - Gandhi was Rondon’s relative.
II - Rondon took part in Xingu National Park creation.
III - Rondon dedicated the most part of his life to children education.
IV - Cândido Mariano Rondon’s name was first indicated by Albert Einstein to the Nobel committee.
II - Rondon took part in Xingu National Park creation.
III - Rondon dedicated the most part of his life to children education.
IV - Cândido Mariano Rondon’s name was first indicated by Albert Einstein to the Nobel committee.
80 – Write T for true or F for false. Then choose the alternative that corresponds to the correct sequence. According to the text, we can infer that,
- ( ) Einstein and Rondon didn’t get along.
- ( ) Rondon had a good relationship with the Bororos.
- ( ) Rondon had more involvement on Rio de Janeiro - Cuiabá roadway building than anything else.
- ( ) Rondon was responsible for laying telegraph lines at least in three different countries.
a) T - T - F - F
b) F - F - T - T
c) F - T - F - T
d) T - F - T - F
• Gabarito C
Then choose the alternative that corresponds to the correct sequence.
a) T - T - F - F
b) F - F - T - T
c) F - T - F - T
d) T - F - T - F
According to the text, we can infer that,
( ) Einstein and Rondon didn’t get along.
( ) Rondon had a good relationship with the Bororos.
( ) Rondon had more involvement on Rio de Janeiro - Cuiabá roadway building than anything else.
( ) Rondon was responsible for laying telegraph lines at least in three different countries.
( ) Rondon had a good relationship with the Bororos.
( ) Rondon had more involvement on Rio de Janeiro - Cuiabá roadway building than anything else.
( ) Rondon was responsible for laying telegraph lines at least in three different countries.
❑ TEXTO 3: Read the text and answer questions 81, 82, 83 and 84.
Significant review and repair bill await Spirit Airlines
Conta significativa de revisão e reparação aguarda a Spirit Airline
In the FAA’s airworthiness directive, the FAA estimated only 20 engines on US-registered aircraft would be impacted, and it appears, according to the ch-aviation.com database, those impacted US-registered aircraft are in the Spirit Airlines fleet.
Na diretiva de aeronavegabilidade da FAA, a FAA estimou que apenas 20 motores em aeronaves registadas nos EUA seriam afetados e, ao que parece, de acordo com a base de dados ch-aviation.com, estas aeronaves registadas nos EUA afetadas estão na frota da Spirit Airlines.
According to the airworthiness directive, the FAA also estimated that the cost in time will be 100 work hours to conduct the ultrasound inspections and a financial cost of $170,000 per stage for a total financial cost of $340,000 per engine.
De acordo com a diretiva de aeronavegabilidade, a FAA estimou ainda que o custo em tempo será de 100 horas de trabalho para conduzir as inspeções de ultrassons e um custo financeiro de 170.000 dólares por estágio, para um custo financeiro total de 340.000 dólares por motor.
If the 1st-stage or 2nd-stage hubs need to be replaced, the cost per part will be an additional $171,000 for one hour.
Se os cubos do 1º ou 2º estágio tiverem de ser substituídos, o custo por peça será de mais 171.000 dólares por hora.
The FAA presumes all labor costs to be at the rate of $85 an hour.
A FAA presume que todos os custos de mão-de-obra são de 85 dólares por hora.
81 – Choose the best alternative which paraphrases the sentence: “If the 1st-stage or 2nd-stage hubs need to be replaced, the cost per part will be an additional $171,000 for one hour”.
a) The cost per part will be an additional $171.000 for 1 hour if the 1st-stage or 2nd-stage hubs need to be replaced.
b) If the 1st-stage or 2nd-stage hubs need to be replaced, the cost per part has to be an additional $171,000 for one hour.
c) The cost per part will be an additional $171.000 for 1 hour if the 1st-stage or 2nd-stage hubs need to be kept.
d) If the 1st-stage or 2nd-stage hubs need replacing, the cost per part must be an additional $171,000 for one hour.
• Gabarito A
Choose the best alternative which paraphrases the sentence:
Escolha a melhor alternativa que parafraseie a frase:
“If the 1st-stage or 2nd-stage hubs need to be replaced, the cost per part will be an additional $171,000 for one hour”.
“Se os cubos do 1º ou 2º estágio tiverem de ser substituídos, o custo por peça será de mais 171.000 dólares por hora”.
a) The cost per part will be an additional $171.000 for 1 hour if the 1st-stage or 2nd-stage hubs need to be replaced.
O custo por peça será de mais 171.000 dólares por 1 hora se os cubos do 1º ou 2º estágio necessitarem de ser substituídos.
b) If the 1st-stage or 2nd-stage hubs need to be replaced, the cost per part has to be an additional $171,000 for one hour.
Se os cubos do 1º ou 2º estágio necessitarem de ser substituídos, o custo por peça deverá ser de mais 171.000 dólares por uma hora.
c) The cost per part will be an additional $171.000 for 1 hour if the 1st-stage or 2nd-stage hubs need to be kept.
O custo por peça será de mais 171.000 dólares por 1 hora se os cubos do 1º ou 2º estágio necessitarem de ser mantidos.
d) If the 1st-stage or 2nd-stage hubs need replacing, the cost per part must be an additional $171,000 for one hour.
Se os cubos do 1º ou 2º estágio necessitarem de ser substituídos, o custo por peça deverá ser de mais 171.000 dólares por uma hora.
82 – Choose the best alternative with singular form of “Those impacted US-registered aircraft”.
a) The impacted US-registered aircraft
b) This impacted US-registered aircraft
c) That impacted US-registered aircraft
d) These impacted US-registered aircraft
• Gabarito C
Choose the best alternative with singular form of “Those impacted US-registered aircraft”.
Escolha a melhor alternativa com o singular de “Aquelas aeronaves registadas nos EUA impactadas”.
a) The impacted US-registered aircraft
b) This impacted US-registered aircraft
c) That impacted US-registered aircraft
d) These impacted US-registered aircraft
83 – Choose the alternative in which the pronoun “those” on the text refers best.
a) FAA
b) database
c) ch-aviation.com
d) US-registered aircraft
• Gabarito D
Choose the alternative in which the pronoun “those” on the text refers best.
Escolhe a alternativa a que o pronome “aqueles” do texto se refere melhor.
a) FAA
b) database
c) ch-aviation.com
d) US-registered aircraft
84 – Choose the best alternative according to the text.
a) Ultrasound inspections will cost $170.000 for a total financial investment.
b) The hubs may be replaced depending on the result of inspections.
c) FAA estimates over 100 hours for inspections.
d) Labor costs are higher than work hours.
• Gabarito B
Choose the best alternative according to the text.
Escolha a melhor alternativa de acordo com o texto.
a) Ultrasound inspections will cost $170.000 for a total financial investment.
As inspeções por ultrassons custarão 170.000 dólares de investimento financeiro total.
b) The hubs may be replaced depending on the result of inspections.
Os cubos poderão ser substituídos em função do resultado das inspeções.
c) FAA estimates over 100 hours for inspections.
A FAA estima mais de 100 horas para inspeções.
d) Labor costs are higher than work hours.
Os custos de mão-de-obra são superiores às horas trabalhadas.
❑ TEXTO 4: Read the text and answer questions 85, 86, 87 and 88.
Ethiopian Airlines And Boeing Form Venture To Manufacture Parts
Ethiopian Airlines e Boeing formam joint-venture para fabricar peças
The project includes a planned capital of $15 million and will create employment opportunities for over 300 Ethiopians. Ethiopian Airlines will manufacture aircraft parts through a venture partnership with Boeing, the government’s investment agency said on Friday. The carrier, the Ethiopian Investment Commission and the Industrial Parks Development Corporation of Ethiopia signed ___ memorandum to build ___ facility near Killinto Industrial Park for the manufacturing of aerospace parts.
- Adapted from https://simpleflying.com/ethiopian-airlines-boeing-venture-manufacture-parts/
85 – Choose the best alternative according to the text.
a) Killinto Industrial Park will manufacture aircraft parts.
b) A venture partnership between two airport agencies was announced.
c) The partnership mentioned in the text might create jobs to Ethiopians.
d) Ethiopian Investment Comissions will produce specific aerospace parts.
• Gabarito C
Choose the best alternative according to the text.
Escolha a melhor alternativa de acordo com o texto.
a) Killinto Industrial Park will manufacture aircraft parts.
O Parque Industrial de Killinto irá fabricar peças para aeronaves.
b) A venture partnership between two airport agencies was announced.
Foi anunciada uma parceria de capital de risco entre duas agências aeroportuárias.
c) The partnership mentioned in the text might create jobs to Ethiopians.
A parceria mencionada no texto poderá gerar emprego para os etíopes.
d) Ethiopian Investment Comissions will produce specific aerospace parts.
As Comissões de Investimento da Etiópia produzirão peças aeroespaciais específicas.
86 – Choose the best alternative with a similar meaning to the word “manufacture” in the title of the text.
a) challenge
b) produce
c) sell
d) buy
• Gabarito B
Choose the best alternative with a similar meaning to the word “manufacture” in the title of the text.
Escolha a melhor alternativa com um significado semelhante ao da palavra “fabricar” no título do texto.
a) challenge
desafiar
b) produce
produzir
c) sell
vender
d) buy
comprar
87 – Choose the alternative which best completes the question tag in the sentence “Ethiopian Airlines and Boeing will manufacture aircraft parts, ______?”
a) would they
b) won’t they
c) would it
d) will it
• Gabarito B
Choose the alternative which best completes the question tag in the sentence “Ethiopian Airlines and Boeing will manufacture aircraft parts, ______?”
a) would they
b) won’t they
c) would it
d) will it
88 – Choose the best alternative to complete the spaces in the text.
a) the - the
b) the - a
c) a - the
d) a - a
• Gabarito D
Choose the best alternative to complete the spaces in the text.
a) the - the
b) the - a
c) a - the
d) a - a
❑ TEXTO 5: Read the text.
Bird Strike
Ataque de pássaro
According to the International Civil Aviation Organization, a “bird strike” is defined as: “A collision between a bird and an aircraft which is in flight or on takeoff or landing roll”.
De acordo com a Organização da Aviação Civil Internacional (OIA), uma "colisão com aves" é definida como: "Uma colisão entre uma ave e uma aeronave em voo ou em fase de descolagem ou aterragem".
Bird strikes are certainly not uncommon.
As colisões com aves não são certamente incomuns.
According to published figures on the FAA ‘wildlife strike’ database in New York airports alone, there were 493 incidents reported from 1st January 2021 to 1st January 2022.
De acordo com os dados publicados na base de dados de "colisões com animais selvagens" da FAA, só nos aeroportos de Nova Iorque, houve 493 incidentes reportados de 1 de janeiro de 2021 a 1 de janeiro de 2022.
That is more than one per day!
Isto é mais de um por dia!
There have been over 17 thousand wildlife strikes recorded in 2019!
Foram registadas mais de 17 mil colisões com animais selvagens em 2019!
However, while this may sound like a lot, on the whole, bird strikes don’t pose a significant risk.
No entanto, embora isto possa parecer muito, no geral, as colisões com aves não representam um risco significativo.
In a 31‐year‐period, wildlife strikes have only accounted for 292 fatalities worldwide.
Num período de 31 anos, as colisões com animais selvagens foram responsáveis por apenas 292 mortes em todo o mundo.
When you factor in that in 2019, 4.5 billion people flew worldwide, the odds of a fatality are infinitesimally small!
Se tivermos em conta que, em 2019, voaram 4,5 mil milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo, as probabilidades de uma fatalidade são infinitesimalmente pequenas!
- Adapted from pilotinstitute.com irdstrike/
89 – According to the text, choose the best response.
a) Bird strikes don’t cause risks.
b) The fatalities caused by Bird strikes are very significant.
c) There is a huge possibility of Bird strikes during the rolling.
d) Bird strikes are very common, but it’s not considered a very important event.• Gabarito D
According to the text, choose the best response.
De acordo com o texto, escolhe a melhor resposta.
a) Bird strikes don’t cause risks.
As colisões com aves não causam riscos.
b) The fatalities caused by Bird strikes are very significant.
As fatalidades provocadas por colisões com aves são muito significativas.
c) There is a huge possibility of Bird strikes during the rolling.
Existe uma grande possibilidade de colisões com aves durante a rolagem.
As colisões com aves são muito comuns, mas não são consideradas um acontecimento muito importante.
❑ TEXTO 6: Read the text.
The father of flight
O pai da aviação
Alberto Santos-Dumont (1873-1932) was born in Brazil and educated in Paris.
Alberto Santos-Dumont (1873-1932) nasceu no Brasil e estudou em Paris.
He made his first balloon ascent in 1898 and soon after that began constructing dirigible airships.
Realizou o seu primeiro voo de balão em 1898 e pouco depois começou a construir dirigíveis.
In 1901 he won a Paris air race and international fame.
Em 1901, venceu uma corrida aérea em Paris e alcançou fama internacional.
(After the race, he asked Louis Cartier for a timepiece that would keep his hands free-the first wristwatch).
(Após a corrida, pediu a Louis Cartier um relógio que lhe permitisse manter as mãos livres — o primeiro relógio de pulso.)
Turning to heavier-than-air machines, Santos-Dumont built his 14-Bis in 1906.
Passando para máquinas mais pesadas do que o ar, Santos-Dumont construiu o seu 14-Bis em 1906.
His flight was the first in Europe, and his plane was the first anywhere to lift off the ground under its own power.
O seu voo foi o primeiro na Europa, e o seu avião foi o primeiro em qualquer lugar a levantar por conta própria.
In 1909 Santos-Dumont designed the Demoiselle monoplane, the forerunner of modern light planes.
Em 1909, Santos-Dumont concebeu o monoplano Demoiselle, o precursor dos aviões ligeiros modernos.
In 1910 Santos-Dumont fell ill and despondent over the use of aircraft in warfare, he committed suicide in 1932.
Em 1910, Santos-Dumont adoeceu e, desanimado com o uso de aeronaves na guerra, suicidou-se em 1932.
- Adapted from “Leaders of the Century”, in Time Special Issue‐ “Latin American Leaders for the New Millennium”, May 24, 1999.
90 – According to the text, we can infer that
a) Santos Dumont’s first experiment was a dirigible airship.
b) Santos Dumont became internationally famous after building 14 Bis.
c) the use of the aircraft in warfare made the father of flight very sad and hopeless.
d) the Wright brothers were the first men to fly an aircraft over the ground in the world.• Gabarito C
According to the text, we can infer that
a) Santos Dumont’s first experiment was a dirigible airship.
b) Santos Dumont became internationally famous after building 14 Bis.
c) the use of the aircraft in warfare made the father of flight very sad and hopeless.
d) the Wright brothers were the first men to fly an aircraft over the ground in the world.❑ TEXTO 7: Read the text.
More 737s mean more new routes
Mais 737s significam mais novas rotas
Rex flight ZL709 was operated with the carrier’s eighth and newest Boeing 737-800NG, registration VH-8KH and MSN 44217, which commenced mainline services this week.
O voo ZL709 da Rex foi operado com o oitavo e mais recente Boeing 737-800NG da transportadora, matrícula VH-8KH e MSN 44217, que iniciou os serviços principais esta semana.
The jet arrived in Australia in late July and was initially delivered to Singapore Airlines’ subsidiary Silk Air in 2014.
O jato chegou à Austrália no final de julho e foi inicialmente entregue à subsidiária da Singapore Airlines, a Silk Air, em 2014.
The ninth Boeing 737-800NG is being readied for delivery and is expected to join the Rex fleet in the coming weeks.
O nono Boeing 737-800NG está a ser preparado para entrega e deverá juntar-se à frota da Rex nas próximas semanas.
91 – Choose the best alternative according to text.
a) Rex Flight was operated by Boeing, but now, it’s operated by Singapore Airlines.
b) The eighth Boeing 737-800NG will arrive in Australia in late July.
c) The ninth Boeing 737-800NG is being set up to be delivered.
d) The ninth Boeing 737-800NG joined the Rex fleet.
• Gabarito C
Choose the best alternative according to text.
Escolha a melhor alternativa de acordo com o texto.
a) Rex Flight was operated by Boeing, but now, it’s operated by Singapore Airlines.
O voo da Rex era operado pela Boeing, mas é agora operado pela Singapore Airlines.
b) The eighth Boeing 737-800NG will arrive in Australia in late July.
O oitavo Boeing 737-800NG chegará à Austrália no final de julho.
c) The ninth Boeing 737-800NG is being set up to be delivered.
O nono Boeing 737-800NG está a ser preparado para entrega.
d) The ninth Boeing 737-800NG joined the Rex fleet.
O nono Boeing 737-800NG juntou-se à frota da Rex.
❑ TEXTO 8: Read the text.
92 – Read the text.
Cumulonimbus clouds
Cumulonimbus clouds are what most people would commonly associate with ‘thunderheads’.
Nuvens cúmulos-nimbos são o que a maioria das pessoas associaria a "nuvens de tempestade".
These clouds are huge in size and invariably bring bad weather.
Estas nuvens são enormes e trazem invariavelmente mau tempo.
Isto inclui ventos fortes, chuva intensa ou granizo, trovões e relâmpagos.
They are a real force of nature and not something you want to fly in or anywhere near.
São uma verdadeira força da natureza e não é algo que se queira sobrevoar ou aproximar.
- Adapted from https://pilotinstitute.com/cumulonimbus‐clouds/
92 – According to the text, we can infer that
a) it’s not appropriate to fly close to those clouds.
b) pilots can face cumulonimbus clouds without any risks.
c) those clouds can sometimes change the weather conditions.
d) pilots must face cumulonimbus clouds, although the big risk
• Gabarito A
According to the text, we can infer that
De acordo com o texto, podemos inferir que
a) it’s not appropriate to fly close to those clouds.
não é apropriado voar perto destas nuvens.
b) pilots can face cumulonimbus clouds without any risks.
os pilotos podem enfrentar nuvens cumulonimbus sem riscos.
c) those clouds can sometimes change the weather conditions.
estas nuvens podem, por vezes, alterar as condições meteorológicas.
d) pilots must face cumulonimbus clouds, although the big risk.
os pilotos devem enfrentar nuvens cumulonimbus, embora o grande risco
❑ TEXTO 9: Read the text.
Boeing vs. Airbus
There are a few fundamental differences that set Airbus and Boeing apart.
Há algumas diferenças fundamentais que diferenciam a Airbus da Boeing.
Boeing aircraft primarily use conventional control yokes, similar to steering wheels.
As aeronaves Boeing utilizam principalmente manches de controlo convencionais, semelhantes a volantes.
Airbus aircraft, in contrast, feature sidesticks.
As aeronaves Airbus, em contraste, apresentam sidesticks.
Sidesticks are more compact and ergonomic.
Os sidesticks são mais compactos e ergonômicos.
Airbus pioneered the fly‐by‐wire (FBW) system, replacing manual flight controls with electronic interfaces.
A Airbus foi pioneira no sistema fly-by-wire (FBW), substituindo os controlos de voo manuais por interfaces eletrônicos.
In an FBW system, when the pilot moves the controls, their input is converted into electrical signals, that are sent to a computer, which processes the information and determines the best way to move the aircraft’s control surfaces.
Num sistema FBW, quando o piloto move os controlos, a sua entrada é convertida em sinais elétricos, que são enviados para um computador, que processa a informação e determina a melhor forma de mover as superfícies de controlo da aeronave.
Boeing also adopted fly-by-wire technology, but their system offers more tactile feedback, preserving some of the traditional “feel” of flying.
A Boeing também adotou a tecnologia fly-by-wire, mas o seu sistema oferece um feedback mais tátil, preservando parte da "sensação" tradicional de voar.
Airbus is built in protection, it means that the pilot capability is reduced, on the other hand, Boeing has an override system, that allows the pilot decided what to do in case of a non-routine event.
A Airbus tem proteção integrada, o que significa que a capacidade do piloto é reduzida; por outro lado, a Boeing possui um sistema de substituição, que permite ao piloto decidir o que fazer em caso de um evento não rotineiro.
Both of them are very safe and sophisticated.
Ambos são muito seguros e sofisticados.
- Adapted from pilotinstitute.com/airbus-vs-boeing/
Vocabulary:
Yoke = Manche, alavanca de comando de movimentos da aeronave.
Read the following sentences.
I ‐ Boeing and airbus aircraft are very advanced.
II ‐ Boeing aircraft were the first ones to use the fly‐by‐wire system.
III ‐ Airbus pilots have total control of the aircraft, even in non‐routine situations.
IV ‐ FBW is a technology where the computer decides the best way to move the aircraft’s control surfaces, after receiving electrical signs.
93 – Choose the alternative that contains the correct sentences, according to the text.
a) I and III
b) II and IV
c) II and III
d) I and IV
• Gabarito D
Choose the alternative that contains the correct sentences, according to the text.
a) I and III
b) II and IV
c) II and III
d) I and IV
❑ TEXTO 10: Read the text.
FAA To Require Inspection Of Some Pratt & Whitney GTF Engines
FAA exigirá inspeção de alguns motores Pratt & Whitney GTF
The United States’ Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has issued an emergency airworthiness directive that is interim and requires that engine operators of Pratt & Whitney PW1100G-JM and PW1400G‐JM geared turbofans do an ultrasound inspection of the engines’ first-stage and second-stage hubs.
Administração Federal de Aviação dos Estados Unidos (FAA) emitiu uma diretiva de aeronavegabilidade de emergência que é provisória e exige que os operadores de motores dos turbofans com engrenagens Pratt & Whitney PW1100G-JM e PW1400G-JM façam uma inspeção por ultrassons dos cubos do primeiro e segundo estágios dos motores.
The concern is that if the hubs are cracked, the engine could fall apart in flight.
A preocupação é que, se os cubos estiverem rachados, o motor pode desfazer-se em voo.
- Adapted from https://simpleflying.com/faa-require-inspection-pratt-whitney-gtf-engines/
94 – Choose the correct alternative according to the text.
a) The United States’ Federal Aviation Administration is requiring engine inspection.
b) FAA is demanding Pratt & Whitney to develop new equipment.
c) Pratt & Whitney are worried about emergency flights.
d) It’s certain that engines will fall apart during flights.• Gabarito A
Choose the correct alternative according to the text.
Escolha a alternativa correta de acordo com o texto.
a) The United States’ Federal Aviation Administration is requiring engine inspection.
A Administração Federal de Aviação dos Estados Unidos está exigindo a inspeção dos motores.
b) FAA is demanding Pratt & Whitney to develop new equipment.
A FAA está exigindo que a Pratt & Whitney desenvolva novos equipamentos.
c) Pratt & Whitney are worried about emergency flights.
A Pratt & Whitney está preocupada com os voos de emergência.
É certo que os motores irão avariar durante os voos.
❑ TEXTO 11: Read the text.
Pilot Sharps opinion.
Opinião do piloto Sharps.
“This is the best response we have had from passengers for any new service in our history, and it means we should probably look at adding an additional service as we get more aircraft.
Esta é a melhor resposta que já recebemos dos passageiros para qualquer novo serviço na nossa história, e isso significa que provavelmente deveríamos considerar adicionar um serviço adicional à medida que adquirimos mais aeronaves.
We have a ninth 737 coming in next month and with the extra capacity we can start to look at more services again.”
Temos um nono 737 a chegar no próximo mês e, com a capacidade extra, podemos começar a considerar mais serviços novamente”.
95 – Choose the best alternative with the reported speech of the sentence: “This is the best response we have had from passengers for any new service in our history.”
a) Sharp told me this is the best response they have had from passengers for any new service in our history.
b) Sharp said that was the best response they had had from passengers for any new service in their history.
c) Sharp said that had been best response we had from passengers for any new service in their history.
d) Sharp told me this is the best response they have from passengers for any new service in their history.
• Gabarito B
Choose the best alternative with the reported speech of the sentence: “This is the best response we have had from passengers for any new service in our history.”
Escolha a melhor alternativa com o discurso indireto da frase: “Esta é a melhor resposta que já recebemos dos passageiros para qualquer novo serviço na nossa história.”
a) Sharp told me this is the best response they have had from passengers for any new service in our history.
Sharp disse-me que esta é a melhor resposta que já recebemos dos passageiros para qualquer novo serviço na nossa história.
b) Sharp said that was the best response they had had from passengers for any new service in their history.
Sharp disse que esta foi a melhor resposta que já recebemos dos passageiros para qualquer novo serviço na sua história.
c) Sharp said that had been best response we had from passengers for any new service in their history.
Sharp disse que esta foi a melhor resposta que já recebemos dos passageiros para qualquer novo serviço na sua história.
d) Sharp told me this is the best response they have from passengers for any new service in their history.
Sharp disse-me que esta é a melhor resposta que receberam dos passageiros para qualquer novo serviço na sua história.
❑ TEXTO 12: Read the text.
FAA To Require Inspection Of Some Pratt & Whitney GTF Engines
A FAA exigirá a inspeção de alguns motores Pratt & Whitney GTF.
The United States’ Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has issued an emergency airworthiness directive that is interim and requires that engine operators of Pratt & Whitney PW1100G-JM and PW1400G‐JM geared turbofans do an ultrasound inspection of the engines’ first-stage and second-stage hubs.
A Administração Federal de Aviação dos Estados Unidos (FAA) emitiu uma diretiva de aeronavegabilidade de emergência, provisória, que exige que os operadores dos motores turbofans Pratt & Whitney PW1100G-JM e PW1400G-JM realizem uma inspeção por ultrassons dos cubos de primeiro e segundo estágios dos motores.
The concern is that if the hubs are cracked, the engine could fall apart in flight.
A preocupação é que, se os cubos estiverem rachados, o motor possa desfazer-se em voo.
- Adapted from https://simpleflying.com/faa-require-inspection-pratt-whitney-gtf-engines/
96 – Choose the correct passive voice form for the underlined sentence in the text.
a) An emergency airworthiness directive has been issued byThe United States’ Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
b) An emergency airworthiness directive have been issued by The United States’ Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
c) The United States’ Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has been issued an emergency airworthiness directive.
d) The United States’ Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) have been issued an emergency airworthiness directive.
• Gabarito A
Choose the correct passive voice form for the underlined sentence in the text.
Escolha a forma correta de voz passiva para a frase sublinhada no texto.
- The United States’ Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has issued an emergency airworthiness directive that ...
a) An emergency airworthiness directive has been issued by The United States’ Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
b) An emergency airworthiness directive have been issued by The United States’ Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
c) The United States’ Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has been issued an emergency airworthiness directive.
d) The United States’ Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) have been issued an emergency airworthiness directive.