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sexta-feira, 19 de janeiro de 2024

EsPCEx 2023 – LÍNGUA INGLESA

  • 12 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
  • Text (1) – | Entertainment | americansoldierww2.org |
  • Text (2) – Identical twins go on separate vegan and meat diets to see difference they make to body ladbible.com |
  • Text (3) – fedition.cnn.com |
  • Text (4) – Why NASA spacesuits are white businessinsider.com |

•    TEXTO 1  

 Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 45, 46 e 47.

Entertainment

In the summer of 1944, the popular comedian and radio personality Bob Hope began another of his famous tours of military camps for the United Service Organizations (USO). No verão de 1944, o popular comediante e personalidade do rádio Bob Hope iniciou outra de suas famosas viagens aos campos militares para as United Service Organizations (USO).

This particular tour made stops in Hawaii and on small islands all across the Pacific theater, where Hope and his troupe performed 150 shows in two months. Essa turnê em particular fez paradas no Havaí e em pequenas ilhas por todo o teatro do Pacífico, onde Hope e sua trupe realizaram 150 shows em dois meses.

American military personnel loved the shows. Os militares americanos adoraram os shows.

Hope’s jokes and silly stunts made them laugh and took their minds away from the war for a few minutes. As piadas e as acrobacias bobas de Hope os fizeram rir e afastaram suas mentes da guerra por alguns minutos.

Entertainment gave them something to fight for. O entretenimento deu-lhes algo pelo que lutar.

Military commanders in all wars throughout history have understood that morale is essential to a force’s willingness to fight and endure hardship. Os comandantes militares em todas as guerras ao longo da história compreenderam que o moral é essencial para a vontade de uma força lutar e suportar as adversidades.

While good morale depends __(1)__, many things, including good leadership, clear purposes and good food, entertainment played a crucial role in the morale of American military forces during World War 1l (WWII). Embora o bom moral dependa de muitas coisas, incluindo uma boa liderança, objetivos claros e boa comida, o entretenimento desempenhou um papel crucial no moral das forças militares americanas durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial (Segunda Guerra Mundial).

Entertainment also served particular purposes for different constituent groups. O entretenimento também serviu a propósitos específicos para diferentes grupos constituintes.

Of course, entertainment gave servicemen a break from the stresses and the boredom of war. É claro que o entretenimento proporcionou aos militares uma pausa do estresse e do tédio da guerra.

Radio programs, movie showings, USO shows, and visits from Red Cross women serving donuts all allowed soldiers to think __(2)__ something besides the war, to relax and even to laugh. Programas de rádio, exibições de filmes, programas USO e visitas de mulheres da Cruz Vermelha servindo donuts permitiram que os soldados pensassem (2) em algo além da guerra, relaxassem e até rissem.
  • Adapted from https://americansoldierww?2.org/topics/entertainment
45 – In the sentence
  • “Hope’s jokes and silly stunts made them he laugh and took their minds away from the war for a few minutes.” (paragraph 1),
the words them and their refer to

(A) shows
(B) Hope’s jokes and silly stunts
(C) Hope and his troupe
(D) American military personnel
(E) minds
  •   Gabarito D  
Na frase sentença “Hope’s jokes and silly stunts made them he laugh and took their minds away from the war for a few minutes.” (As piadas e as acrobacias bobas de Hope os fizeram rir e afastaram suas mentes da guerra por alguns minutos.), as palavras them e their referem-se a
(A) shows espetáculos
(B) Hope’s jokes and silly stunts Piadas e acrobacias bobas de Hope
(C) Hope and his troupe Hope e sua trupe
(D) American military personnel militares norte-americanos
(E) minds mentes
 Trecho que justifica a resposta (D): 
  • "[...] American military personnel loved the shows. Hope’s jokes and silly stunts made them laugh and took their minds away from the war for a few minutes."
  • Os militares americanos adoraram os shows. As piadas e as acrobacias bobas de Hope os fizeram rir e afastaram suas mentes da guerra por alguns minutos.
  • "THEM" é o pronome que substitui "American military personnel".
  • "THEIR" é o pronome adjetivo possessivo que qualifica o substantivo "minds"e faz referência à"American military personnel".
46 – Choose the alternative with prepositions that respectively complete gaps (1) and (2) in the correct way. (paragraph 2).

(A) of, in
(B) of, about
(C) on, in
(D) about, of
(E) on, of
  •   Gabarito E  
(A) of, in
(B) of, about
(C) on, in
(D) about, of
(E) on, of

 DEPENDS ON:
  • While good morale depends on, many things,
  • Embora o bom moral dependa de muitas coisas,
  • depends on you depende de você
  • depends on a number of factors depende de vários fatores
  • depends on many factors depende de muitos fatores
  • depends on reliable data depende de dados confiáveis
 THINK OF:
  • and visits from Red Cross women serving donuts all allowed soldiers to think of something
  •  e as visitas de mulheres da Cruz Vermelha servindo donuts, permitiram que os soldados pensassem em algo
  • I really can't think of anything.
  • Realmente não consigo pensar em nada.
  • People think of you differently perhaps.
  • As pessoas pensam em você de maneira diferente, talvez.
  • You didn't even think of us.
  • Você nem pensou em nós.
  • They can think of nothing but themselves.
  • Eles não conseguem pensar em nada além de si mesmos.
47 – According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative.
  • I - Military servicemen made Bob Hope laugh.
  • Il - The tour terminated in Hawaii.
  • III - Radio programs, movie showings and USO shows are examples of entertainment during WWII.
  • IV - Entertainment is essential to elevate the morale of the military personnel during war.
  • V - Bob Hope and his troupe performed a hundred fifteen shows in sixty days.
(A) lll and IV are correct.
(B) | and V are correct.
(C) | and III are correct.
(D) |l and V are correct.
(E) Only V is correct.
  •   Gabarito A  
De acordo com o texto, leia as afirmações e escolha a alternativa correta.

I - Military servicemen made Bob Hope laughOs soldados militares fizeram Bob Hope rir.
Em desacordo com o trecho:
  • "[...] Hope’s jokes and silly stunts made them laugh and took their minds away from the war for a few minutes."
  • As piadas e as acrobacias bobas de Hope os fizeram rir e afastaram suas mentes da guerra por alguns minutos.
Il - The tour terminated in Hawaii. A turnê terminou no Havaí.
Em desacordo com o trecho:
  • "[...] This particular tour made stops in Hawaii and on small islands all across the Pacific theater, where Hope and his troupe performed 150 shows in two months.
  • Essa turnê em particular fez paradas no Havaí e em pequenas ilhas por todo o teatro do Pacífico, onde Hope e sua trupe realizaram 150 shows em dois meses.
III - Radio programs, movie showings and USO shows are examples of entertainment during WWII. Programas de rádio, exibições de filmes e programas USO são exemplos de entretenimento durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial.
De acordo com o trecho:
  • "[...] Radio programs, movie showings, USO shows, and visits from Red Cross women serving donuts all allowed soldiers to think of something besides the war, to relax and even to laugh."
  • Programas de rádio, exibições de filmes, programas USO e visitas de mulheres da Cruz Vermelha servindo donuts permitiram que os soldados pensassem em algo além da guerra, relaxassem e até rissem.
IV - Entertainment is essential to elevate the morale of the military personnel during war. O entretenimento é essencial para elevar o moral dos militares durante a guerra.
De acordo com o trecho:
  • "[...] While good morale depends on, many things, including good leadership, clear purposes and good food, entertainment played a crucial role in the morale of American military forces during World War 1l (WWII)."
  • Embora o bom moral dependa de muitas coisas, incluindo uma boa liderança, objetivos claros e boa comida, o entretenimento desempenhou um papel crucial no moral das forças militares americanas durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial (Segunda Guerra Mundial).
V - Bob Hope and his troupe performed a hundred fifteen shows in sixty daysBob Hope e sua companhia teatral realizaram cento e quinze shows em sessenta dias.
Em desacordo com o trecho:
  • "[...] This particular tour made stops in Hawaii and on small islands all across the Pacific theater, where Hope and his troupe performed 150 shows in two months.
  • Essa turnê em particular fez paradas no Havaí e em pequenas ilhas por todo o teatro do Pacífico, onde Hope e sua trupe realizaram 150 shows em dois meses.
•    TEXTO 2  
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 48, 49 e 50.

Identical twins go on separate vegan and meat diets to see difference they make to body
Gêmeos idênticos seguem dietas veganas e de carne separadas para ver a diferença que fazem no corpo

In 2021, a set of identical twins took part in an experiment that involved one going vegan while the other consumed meat to see which of these two diets is __(1)__. Em 2021, um casal de gêmeos idênticos participou de um experimento que envolveu um se tornando vegano enquanto o outro consumia carne para ver qual dessas duas dietas era (1) .

The diets are complete polar opposites, but which one is being __(2)__ to your body? As dietas são completamente opostas, mas qual delas está sendo (2) para o seu corpo?

Well, explorers Hugo and Ross Turner decided to put the plant-based and omnivore diets to the test to see which was better - with Hugo ditching meat and dairy and Ross sticking to a diet that included meat, dairy and fish. Bem, os exploradores Hugo e Ross Turner decidiram testar as dietas vegetais e onívoras para ver qual era a melhor - com Hugo abandonando carne e laticínios e Ross aderindo a uma dieta que incluía carne, laticínios e peixe.

The twins took part in the Kings College London study over a 12-week period __(3)__ the same number of calories each day as well as carrying out the same gym trainingOs gêmeos participaram do estudo do Kings College London durante um período de 12 semanas (3), consumindo o mesmo número de calorias por dia e realizando o mesmo treinamento na academia.

Hugo admitted that the switch to a plant-based diet hadn't been easy, but he eventually ended up feeling more energetic. Hugo admitiu que a mudança para uma dieta baseada em vegetais não foi fácil, mas acabou por se sentir com mais energia.

"l was on the vegan diet and it really does take a hit on your body.
Eu estava na dieta vegana e isso realmente afeta seu corpo.
I was now having to eat fruit and nuts and alternatives that didn’t have any dairy in them - and so that meant | was eating a lot more wholesome food, which meant that my sugar levels were a lot satiated during the day. | felt like | had more energy.”
Eu agora estava tendo que comer frutas, nozes e alternativas que não continham laticínios - e isso significava que | estava comendo muito mais saudável comida, o que significava que meus níveis de açúcar ficavam muito saciados durante o dia. | senti que | tinha mais energia."

On the other hand, Ross' meat-eating journey was a little different. As he said, his gym performance was ‘up and down a little bit more’.
Por outro lado, a jornada de consumo de carne de Ross foi um pouco diferente. Como ele disse, seu desempenho na academia foi “um pouco mais alto e baixo”.

He added that on some days of the challenge he felt ‘very energetic’ and on others he would have ‘huge lulls'.
Ele acrescentou que em alguns dias do desafio ele se sentiu “muito enérgico” e em outros, ele teria “grandes calmarias”.

By the end of the 12-week study, the men found that the differences between the two diets weren'’t very significant, after all.
Afinal, ao final do estudo de 12 semanas, os homens descobriram que as diferenças entre as duas dietas não eram muito significativas, afinal.
  • Adapted from https://www.ladbible.com/community/twins-vegan-meat-diet-233165-20230217
48 – Choose the alternative with words that respectively complete gaps (1) and (2). (paragraph 1)

(A) health, kinder
(B) healthy, the kindest
(C) healthier, kinder
(D) the healthiest, the kindest
(E) healthier, the kindest
  •   Gabarito C  
(A) health, kinder
(B) healthy, the kindest
(C) healthier, kinder
(D) the healthiest, the kindest
(E) healthier, the kindest

 HEALTHIER:
to see which of these two diets is healthier. para ver qual dessas duas dietas é mais saudável.
- Meat-free diet is not necessarily healthier or unhealthier Dieta sem carne não é necessariamente mais saudável ou menos saudável
- People are healthier. As pessoas estão mais saudáveis.
- European citizens enjoy longer and healthier lives today. Os cidadãos europeus desfrutam hoje de vidas mais longas e mais saudáveis.
- Hydration replenishes water, vital for healthier hair. A hidratação repõe a água, vital para cabelos mais saudáveis.
 KINDER TO:
The diets are complete polar opposites, but which one is being kinder to your body? As dietas são completamente opostas, mas qual delas é mais bondosa com o seu corpo?
- It is kinder to my hair. É mais bondoso com meu cabelo.
- A system which genuinely cares and is kinder to the environment. Um sistema que realmente se preocupa e é mais bondoso com com o meio ambiente.
- It seems that the destiny is kinder to Philip than me. Parece que o destino é mais bondoso com Philip do que comigo.
- Egyptian Cotton is kinder to the skin, as it is 'breathable', so cotton sheets never feel sticky against your skin. O algodão egípcio é mais bondoso com a pele, pois é “respirável”, por isso os lençóis de algodão nunca ficam pegajosos na pele.

49 – Choose the alternative which best completes gap (3) in paragraph 2.

(A) eat
(B) eating
(C) eats
(D) has eaten
(E) eaten
  •   Gabarito B  
Choose the alternative which best completes gap (3) in paragraph 2.
(A) eat (Present Simple / base form)
(B) eating (Present Participle)
(C) eats (Present Simple)
(D) has eaten (Present Prefect)
(E) eaten (Past Participle)
 CASO DE PARTICIPLE PRESENT (verb-ING):
- The twins took part in the Kings College London study over a 12-week period eating the same number of calories each day as well as carrying out the same gym trainingOs gêmeos participaram do estudo do Kings College London durante um período de 12 semanas (3), consumindo o mesmo número de calorias por dia e realizando o mesmo treinamento na academia.

50 – In the sentence
  • “He added that on some days of the challenge he felt ‘very energetic’ and on others he would have ‘huge lulls'.”
(paragraph 4), the word lulls means Ross felt.

(A) tired
(B) excited
(C) stressed
(D) happy
(E) calm
  •   Gabarito E  
  • “He added that on some days of the challenge he felt ‘very energetic’ and on others he would have ‘huge lulls'.”
  • Ele acrescentou que em alguns dias do desafio se sentia ‘muito enérgico’ e em outros teria ‘grandes calmarias’.
the word lulls means Ross felt.

(A) tired cansado
(B) excited animado
(C) stressed estressado
(D) happy feliz
(E) calm calmo

>> "LULL" (noun) – CALMARIA, TRÉGUA.

•    TEXTO 3  

 Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 51, 52 e 53.

(Título omitido propositadamente)

(CNN) — A couple abandoned their baby at an airport check-in desk in Tel Aviv, Israel after arriving without a ticket for the child. (CNN) – Um casal abandonou seu bebê no balcão de check-in do aeroporto de Tel Aviv, Israel, após chegar sem passagem para a criança.

The pair, who have not been identified, were checking in for a Ryanair flight from Ben Gurion International Airport to Brussels, Belgium on Tuesday with the infant. A dupla, que não foi identificada, fazia check-in para um voo da Ryanair do Aeroporto Internacional Ben Gurion para Bruxelas, na Bélgica, na terça-feira, com a criança.

It emerged that the baby did not have a ticket, and the couple headed off to board the flight - leaving their child behind on the airline check-in counter. Descobriu-se que o bebê não tinha passagem e o casal partiu para embarcar no voo - deixando o filho para trás no balcão de check-in da companhia aérea.

“The matter was referred to police”, a spokeswoman for Ryanair told CNN in an email. “O assunto foi encaminhado à polícia”, disse uma porta-voz da Ryanair à CNN por e-mail.

She said: "These passengers traveling from Tel Aviv to Brussels presented at check-in without a booking for their infant. Ela disse: "Esses passageiros que viajavam de Tel Aviv para Bruxelas apresentaram-se no check-in sem reserva para seu bebê.

They then proceeded to security leaving the infant behind at check-in. Eles então seguiram para a segurança deixando o bebê para trás no check-in.

The check-in agent at Ben Gurion Airport contacted Airport Security, who retrieved these passengers, and this is now a matter for local police. O agente de check-in do Aeroporto Ben Gurion contatou a Segurança do Aeroporto , que resgatou esses passageiros, e isso agora é assunto da polícia local.

According to Ryanair's website, "infants can be included in a flight reservation during the online booking process." De acordo com o site da Ryanair, “os bebés podem ser incluídos numa reserva de voo durante o processo de reserva online”.

When making plans to travel with an infant, a pop-up message appears on the site stating that there is a €25 ($27) charge - or the local currency equivalent - for each one-way flight the baby takes while sitting on an adult's lap. Ao planejar viajar com um bebê, uma mensagem pop-up aparece no site informando que há uma cobrança de € 25 (US$ 27) - ou o equivalente na moeda local - para cada voo de ida que o bebê fizer enquanto estiver sentado no colo de um adulto. colo.

A seat must be paid for by separate arrangement if the adults want the baby to travel in a car seat. Um assento deve ser pago mediante acordo separado se os adultos quiserem que o bebê viaje em uma cadeirinha.

The Israeli Airport Authority confirmed the episode to CNN and said in a statement: A Autoridade Aeroportuária de Israel confirmou o episódio à CNN e disse em comunicado:

A couple and an infant with Belgian passports arrived for a flight at Terminal 1 without a ticket for the baby. Um casal e uma criança com passaporte belga chegaram para um voo no Terminal 1 sem passagem para o bebê.

The couple also arrived late for the flight, once the check-in for the flight was closed. O casal também chegou atrasado ao voo, pois o check-in do voo foi encerrado.

The couple left the infant seat with the baby and ran toward the security checks at Terminal 1 in an attempt to reach the boarding gate for the flight. O casal deixou a cadeirinha com o bebê e correu em direção aos controles de segurança do Terminal 1, na tentativa de chegar ao portão de embarque do voo.

A spokesman for Israel Police told CNN in a phone call that the matter appeared to have been resolved by the time police arrived on the scene. Um porta-voz da Polícia de Israel disse à CNN por telefone que o assunto parecia ter sido resolvido quando a polícia chegou ao local.

He said: "The baby was with the parents and there's no further investigation." Ele disse: “O bebê estava com os pais e não há mais investigações”.
  • Adapted from https:/fedition.cnn.com/travel
51 – Choose the most appropriate title for the text.

(A) Israeli Airport Authority found a baby in a car seat at the airport’s parking lot.
(B) Couple travel to Brussels and forget their kid at the airport.
(C) A child was found unattended in a flight from Brussels to Tel Aviv.
(D) Couple leave ticketless baby at Israeli airport check-in.
(E) Family is not allowed to travel due to baby’s expired passport.
  •   Gabarito D  
Escolha o título mais adequado para o texto.
(A) Israeli Airport Authority found a baby in a car seat at the airport’s parking lot. A Autoridade Aeroportuária de Israel encontrou um bebê em uma cadeirinha no estacionamento do aeroporto.
(B) Couple travel to Brussels and forget their kid at the airport. Casal viaja para Bruxelas e esquece o filho no aeroporto.
(C) A child was found unattended in a flight from Brussels to Tel Aviv. Uma criança foi encontrada sozinha num voo de Bruxelas para Tel Aviv.
(D) Couple leave ticketless baby at Israeli airport check-inCasal deixa bebê sem passagem no check-in do aeroporto israelense.
(E) Family is not allowed to travel due to baby’s expired passport. A família não pode viajar devido ao passaporte vencido do bebê.

52 – CNN obtained information to write the article through

(A) social media and texting.
(B) email and phone call.
(C) TV shows and interviews.
(D) letter and radio.
(E) video chat and web sites.
  •   Gabarito B  
A CNN obteve informações para escrever o artigo por meio
(A) social media and texting. mídias sociais e mensagens de texto.
(B) email and phone calle-mail e telefone.
(C) TV shows and interviews. Programas de TV e entrevistas.
(D) letter and radio. carta e rádio.
(E) video chat and web sites. chat de vídeo e sites.

53 – A round-trip ticket for an infant on an adult’s lap costs

(A) € 25
(B) $ 50
(C) $ 27
(D) € 50
(E) € 54
  •   Gabarito D  
Uma passagem de ida e volta para uma criança no colo de um adulto custa
(A) € 25
(B) $ 50
(C) $ 27
(D) € 50
(E) € 54

•    TEXTO 4  

Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 54, 55 e 56.

Why NASA spacesuits are white

Por que os trajes espaciais da NASA são brancos

What do Neil Armstrong, Ed White, and today's ISS (International Space Station) astronauts have in common?

O que Neil Armstrong, Ed White e os atuais astronautas da ISS (Estação Espacial Internacional) têm em comum?

They all wore a white spacesuit.

Todos usavam um traje espacial branco.

And they're not alone.

E eles não estão sozinhos.

Beyond NASA, space programs in countries like Russia and China also use white suits.

Além da NASA, os programas espaciais em países como a Rússia e a China também usam trajes brancos. 

Not the colors of the Russian flag or China's iconic yellow and red, just white.

Não as cores da bandeira russa ou o icônico amarelo e vermelho da China, apenas o branco.

That basic color has saved countless astronaut lives.

Essa cor básica salvou inúmeras vidas de astronautas.

NASA didn't always have white spacesuits.

A NASA nem sempre teve trajes espaciais brancos.

Their very first manned spaceflight featured silver suits, but none of those astronauts actually explored the vacuum of space.

Seu primeiro vôo espacial tripulado contou com trajes prateados, mas nenhum desses astronautas realmente explorou o vácuo do espaço.

And that's the key because out there, spacesuits have to be highly reflective.

E essa é a chave porque lá fora, os trajes espaciais têm que ser altamente refletivos.

And the best color for that isn't silver, it's white.

E a melhor cor para isso não é prata, é branco.

Here on Earth, our atmosphere shields us from 77% of the sun's radiation.

Aqui na Terra, nossa atmosfera nos protege de 77% da radiação solar.

But astronauts in space don't have that natural shield, which makes them vulnerable to blistering temperatures, severe sunburn, and even cancer-causing cell damage.

Mas os astronautas no espaço não têm esse escudo natural, o que os torna vulneráveis a temperaturas extremas, queimaduras solares graves e até danos celulares causadores de cancro.

So to combat that, they wear white suits that reflect the sun's harmful radiation.

Então, para combater isso, eles usam roupas brancas que refletem a radiação nociva do sol.

But those white EVA (extra-vehicular activity) suits aren't the only garment in an astronaut's closet.

Mas aqueles trajes brancos de EVA (atividade extraveicular) não são a única peça de roupa no armário de um astronauta.

When heading into space or coming home, NASA astronauts wear a bright orange suit because that loud orange stands out against the blue ocean and sky and is perfect for attracting attention, so if there's a malfunction during landing and astronauts have to abandon ship, so to speak, they need to be easy to spot for rescue crews.

Ao ir para o espaço ou voltar para casa, os astronautas da NASA usam um traje laranja brilhante porque esse laranja forte se destaca contra o azul do oceano e do céu e é perfeito para atrair a atenção, por isso, se houver um mau funcionamento durante o pouso e os astronautas tiverem que abandonar o navio, então para falar, eles precisam ser fáceis de detectar pelas equipes de resgate.

That being said, times are changing.

Dito isto, os tempos estão mudando. 

Nowadays we have more sophisticated ways of locating astronauts in need of rescue, like GPS trackers and transponders, so space agencies are now free to get creative with their color choices.

Hoje em dia temos formas mais sofisticadas de localizar astronautas que necessitam de resgate, como rastreadores GPS e transponders, de modo que as agências espaciais agora são livres para serem criativas com suas escolhas de cores.

NASA and other programs are already starting to use other colors like deep blue and mustard yellow.

A NASA e outros programas já estão começando a usar outras cores como o azul profundo e o amarelo mostarda.

And in the future, they could look a lot different because NASA is heading to Mars.

E no futuro, eles poderão parecer muito diferentes porque a NASA está indo para Marte.

It will be the longest crewed space mission to date, taking as long as three years from start to finish, and during that time, astronauts could suffer from boredom or depression.

Será a missão espacial tripulada mais longa até à data, demorando até três anos do início ao fim e, durante esse período, os astronautas poderão sofrer de tédio ou depressão.

That's where colorful spacesuits could be useful.

É aí que os trajes espaciais coloridos podem ser úteis.

  • Adapted from https://www.businessinsider.com/why-are-nasa-spacesuits-white-2019-4

54 – Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes countless in the sentence
  • “That basic color has saved countless astronaut lives.” (paragraph 1)
(A) a few
(B) few
(C) too many
(D) some
(E) no
  •   Gabarito C  
(A) a few alguns
(B) few poucos
(C) too many muitos
(D) some alguns
(E) no não
  • “That basic color has saved countless astronaut lives.” 
  • Essa cor básica salvou inúmeras vidas de astronautas.
>> "COUNTLESS" (inumerável, incontável) - VERY MANY, TOO MANY TO BE COUNTED.
55 – Choose the alternative that has the sentence “That basic color has saved countless astronaut lives.” (paragraph 1) correctly changed into passive voice. 

(A) Countless astronaut lives have been saved by that basic color.
(B) Countless astronaut lives were saved by that basic color.
(C) Countless astronaut lives will be saved by that basic color.
(D) Countless astronaut lives had been saved by that basic color.
(E) Countless astronaut lives are saved by that basic color.
  •   Gabarito A  
Escolha a alternativa que contém a sentença “That basic color has saved countless astronaut lives.” (Essa cor básica salvou inúmeras vidas de astronautas.) corretamente alterado para voz passiva.
(A) Countless astronaut lives have been saved by that basic color.
(B) Countless astronaut lives were saved by that basic color.
(C) Countless astronaut lives will be saved by that basic color.
(D) Countless astronaut lives had been saved by that basic color.
(E) Countless astronaut lives are saved by that basic color.

56 – According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative.
  • I - Silver spacesuits were used in the past.
  • Il - The Earth receives 77 % of the sun’s radiation.
  • IIl - When going to or returning from a mission, NASA astronauts wear a vibrant color suit.
  • IV - At present, there aren’t any other ways of tracking astronauts in rescue.
  • V - Colorful spacesuits could prevent boredom or depression.
(A) | and IV are correct
(B) Il and Ill are correct
(C) |, Il and IV are correct
(D) II, IV and V are correct
(E) I, lll and V are correct
  •   Gabarito E  
De acordo com o texto, leia as afirmações e escolha a alternativa correta.
| - Silver spacesuits were used in the past.
>> CORRETATrajes espaciais prateados foram usados no passado.
  • Their very first manned spaceflight featured silver suits, but none of those astronauts actually explored the vacuum of space. (Seu primeiro vôo espacial tripulado contou com trajes prateados, mas nenhum desses astronautas realmente explorou o vácuo do espaço.)

Il - The Earth receives 77 % of the sun’s radiation.
>> INCORRETA: A Terra recebe 77% da radiação solar.
  • Here on Earth, our atmosphere shields us from 77% of the sun's radiation. (Aqui na Terra, nossa atmosfera nos protege de 77% da radiação solar.)

IIl - When going to or returning from a mission, NASA astronauts wear a vibrant color suit.
>> CORRETA: Ao ir ou voltar de uma missão, os astronautas da NASA usam um traje de cores vibrantes.

IV - At present, there aren’t any other ways of tracking astronauts in rescue.
>> INCORRETAAtualmente não existem outras formas de rastrear astronautas em resgate.
  • Nowadays we have more sophisticated ways of locating astronauts in need of rescue, like GPS trackers and transponders, so space agencies are now free to get creative with their color choices.

    Hoje em dia temos formas mais sofisticadas de localizar astronautas que necessitam de resgate, como rastreadores GPS e transponders, de modo que as agências espaciais agora são livres para serem criativas com suas escolhas de cores.

V - Colorful spacesuits could prevent boredom or depression.
>> CORRETA: Trajes espaciais coloridos podem evitar o tédio ou a depressão.
  • It will be the longest crewed space mission to date, taking as long as three years from start to finish, and during that time, astronauts could suffer from boredom or depression. That's where colorful spacesuits could be useful.

    Será a missão espacial tripulada mais longa até à data, demorando até três anos do início ao fim e, durante esse período, os astronautas poderão sofrer de tédio ou depressão. É aí que os trajes espaciais coloridos podem ser úteis.

domingo, 11 de dezembro de 2022

EsPCEx 2019

 

ESCOLA PREPARATÓRIA DE CADETES DO EXÉRCITO

•    2019  

•    PROVA  
  • 12 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
  • Texto (1) – | Teaching English in the Brazilian countryside | www.cambridge.org |
  • Texto (2) – (Título omitido propositadamente) | www.bbc.com |
  • Texto (3) – | Lego wants to replace plastic blocks with sustainable materials http://time.com |
  • Texto (4) – | Prison without guards or weapons in Brazil www.bbc.com |
•    TEXTO 1  

Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 45, 46 e 47.

Teaching English in the Brazilian countryside

“In Brazil, countryside youth want to learn about new places, new cultures and people. However, they think their everyday lives are an obstacle to that, because they imagine that country life has nothing to do with other parts of the world”, says Rafael Fonseca. Rafael teaches English in a language school in a cooperative coffee cultivation in Paraguaçu. His learners are the children of rural workers.

Rafael tells us that the objective of the project being developed in the cooperative is to give the young people more opportunities of growth in the countryside, and that includes the ability to communicate with international buyers. “In the future, our project may help overcome the lack of succession in countryside activities because, nowadays, rural workers’ children become lawyers, engineers, teachers, and sometimes even doctors, but those children very rarely want to have a profession related to rural work”, says Rafael.

“That happens”, he adds, “because their parents understand that life in the countryside can be hard work and they do not want to see their children running the same type of life that they have. Their children also believe that life in the country does not allow them to have contact with other parts of the world, meet other people and improve cultural bounds. The program intends to show them that by means of a second language they can travel, communicate with new people and learn about new cultures as a means of promoting and selling what they produce in the country, and that includes receiving visitors in their workplace from abroad.”

Rafael’s strategy is to contextualize the English language and keep learners up-to-date with what happens in the global market. “Integrating relevant topics about countryside living can be transformative in the classroom. The local regional and cultural aspects are a great source of inspiration and learning not only for the young, but for us all.”

  • Adapted from http://www.cambridge.org/elt/blog/2019/01/21/teaching-english-in-the-brazilian-classroom/

45 – In the sentence

  • “... our project may help overcome the lack of succession in countryside activities...” (paragraph 2),

the word overcome means

[A] increase a problem.

[B] hide a problem.

[C] control a problem.

[D] start a problem.

[E] neglect a problem.

•    Gabarito C  

In the sentence

  • “... our project may help overcome the lack of succession in countryside activities...” (paragraph 2),
  • “... nosso projeto pode ajudar a superar a falta de sucessão nas atividades rurais...” 

the word overcome means

[A] increase a problem. aumentar um problema.

[B] hide a problem. esconder um problema.

[C] control a problemcontrolar um problema.

[D] start a problem. iniciar um problema.

[E] neglect a problem. negligenciar um problema.

46 – Choose the alternative with the correct reference for the underlined words from the text.

[A] they (paragraph 1) = countryside youth

[B] his (paragraph 1) = Paraguaçu

[C] us (paragraph 2) = workers

[D] their (paragraph 3) = rural workers’ children

[E] them (paragraph 3) = other parts of the world

•    Gabarito A  

[A] they (paragraph 1) = countryside youth

[B] his (paragraph 1) = Paraguaçu

[C] us (paragraph 2) = workers

[D] their (paragraph 3) = rural workers’ children

[E] them (paragraph 3) = other parts of the world

47 – According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative.

I. Rafael tries to show them that their everyday lives are not an obstacle.

II. Those children’s parents don’t want them to attend university.

III. Rafael brings classroom topics close to what the children see and live.

IV. Those children may replace their parents in the future as rural workers.

V. The language school reaffirms that country life has nothing to do with other parts of the world.

[A] I, II and IV are correct.

[B] II, IV, and V are correct.

[C] All of them are correct.

[D] I, III, IV and V are correct

[E] I, III and IV are correct.

•    Gabarito E  

[A] I, II and IV are correct.

[B] II, IV, and V are correct.

[C] All of them are correct.

[D] I, III, IV and V are correct

[E] I, III and IV are correct.

According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative.

De acordo com o texto, leia as afirmações e escolha a alternativa correta.

I. Rafael tries to show them that their everyday lives are not an obstacle.

Rafael tenta mostrar a eles que o cotidiano deles não é um obstáculo.

II. Those children’s parents don’t want them to attend university.

Os pais dessas crianças não querem que elas frequentem a universidade.

III. Rafael brings classroom topics close to what the children see and live.

Rafael aproxima os temas da sala de aula do que as crianças veem e vivem.

IV. Those children may replace their parents in the future as rural workers.

Essas crianças podem substituir seus pais no futuro como trabalhadores rurais.

V. The language school reaffirms that country life has nothing to do with other parts of the world.

A escola de idiomas reafirma que a vida no campo não tem nada a ver com outras partes do mundo.

•    TEXTO 2  

Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 48, 49 e 50.

(Título omitido propositadamente)

Italian children have been told not to turn up to school unless they can prove they have been properly vaccinated. The deadline follows months of national debate over compulsory vaccination. The new law came amid a surge in measles cases - but Italian officials say vaccination rates have improved since it was introduced. Children must receive a range of mandatory immunisations before attending school. They include vaccinations for chickenpox, polio, measles, mumps and rubella.

Children up to the age of six years will be excluded from nursery and kindergarten without proof of vaccination under the new rules. Those aged between six and 16 cannot be banned from attending school, but their parents face fines if they do not complete the mandatory course of immunisations.

Italian media report that regional authorities are handling the situation in a number of different ways. In Bologna, the local authority has set letters of suspension to the parents of some 300 children, and a total of 5,000 children do not have their vaccine documentation up to date. In other areas there have been no reported cases, while still others have been given a grace period of a few days beyond the deadline.

The new law was passed to raise Italy’s dropping vaccination rates from below 80% to the World Health Organisation’s 95% target.

  • Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47536981

48 – Choose the most appropriate title for the text.

[A] Italy bans unvaccinated children from school.

[B] Italian vaccination rates increased to 80% this year.

[C] National debate over compulsory vaccination has no deadline.

[D] Parents to face fines if they are not immunised in Italy.

[E] Italy prohibits immunisation campaigns in schools.

•    Gabarito A  

Choose the most appropriate title for the text.

[A] Italy bans unvaccinated children from school.

Itália proíbe crianças não vacinadas de frequentar a escola.

[B] Italian vaccination rates increased to 80% this year.

[C] National debate over compulsory vaccination has no deadline.

[D] Parents to face fines if they are not immunised in Italy.

[E] Italy prohibits immunisation campaigns in schools.

49 – Choose the statement in which the word range is used with the same meaning as in paragraph 1.

[A] It came within my range of vision.

[B] The bomb was tested on a missile range in the desert.

[C] Prices range between £7 and £10.

[D] There is a wide range of opinions on this issue.

[E] She was cooking soup on the range.

•    Gabarito D  

Choose the statement in which the word range is used with the same meaning as in paragraph 1.

[A] It came within my range of vision.

[B] The bomb was tested on a missile range in the desert.

[C] Prices range between £7 and £10.

[D] There is a wide range of opinions on this issue.

[E] She was cooking soup on the range.

50 – In the sentence

  • “...while still others have been given a grace period of a few days...” (paragraph 3),

the expression grace period means

[A] tiebreak.

[B] dead end.

[C] extra time.

[D] target.

[E] timetable.

•    Gabarito C  

  • “...while still others have been given a grace period of a few days...” (paragraph 3),

the expression grace period means

[A] tiebreak.

[B] dead end.

[C] extra time.

[D] target.

[E] timetable.

•    TEXTO 3  

Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 51, 52 e 53.

Lego wants to replace plastic blocks with sustainable materials

The Lego Group wants to replace the plastic in their products with a “sustainable material” by 2030, the company announced.

The world’s largest toy company will invest $1 billion in their new LEGO Sustainable Materials Centre in Denmark, which _______(1) devoted to finding and implementing new sustainable alternatives for their current building materials. Lego plans on hiring 100 specialists for the center. There is no official definition of a sustainable material.

Legos _______(2) made with a strong plastic known as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene since 1963. The company uses more than 6,000 tons of plastic annually to manufacture its products, according to NBC News.

Changing the raw material could have a large effect on Lego’s carbon footprint, especially considering that only 10% of the carbon emissions from Lego products come from its factories. The other 90% is produced from the extraction and refinement of raw materials, as well as distribution from factories to toy stores.

The company _______(3) already taken steps to lower its carbon footprint, including a reduction of packaging size and an investment in an offshore wind farm.

  • Adapted from http://time.com/3931946/lego-sustainable-materials/

51 – In the sentence

  • “Changing the raw material could have a large effect on Lego’s carbon footprint...” (paragraph 4),
the expression carbon footprint means

[A] carbon dioxide separation technology for industrial and gas treating applications.

[B] estimation of soil carbon saturation that indicates its potential to store more carbon.

[C] the amount of carbon dioxide produced by the activities of a company.

[D] species that are particularly sensitive and disappear after a pollution event.

[E] long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth’s climate system.

•    Gabarito C  

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:

52 – (ESPCEX-2019-CADETE DO EXÉRCITO) Choose the alternative containing the correct verb forms to complete gaps (1), (2) and (3) in paragraphs 2, 3 and 5 respectively.

[A] have, will be, have

[B] are, have been, have

[C] will be, has been, hasn’t

[D] will be, have been, has

[E] will be, haven’t been, has

•    Gabarito D  

[A] have, will be, have

[B] are, have been, have

[C] will be, has been, hasn’t

[D] will be, have been, has

[E] will be, haven’t been, has

53 – According to the text, choose the correct statement.

[A] A new sustainable material has already been chosen.

[B] Lego has already reduced the size of their packaging.

[C] Lego is planning to reduce the size of their products.

[D] Lego’s raw material will continue to be the same.

[E] They are going to hire 100 specialists in 2030.

•    Gabarito B  

According to the text, choose the correct statement.

[A] A new sustainable material has already been chosen.

Um novo material sustentável já foi escolhido.

[B] Lego has already reduced the size of their packaging.

A Lego já reduziu o tamanho das suas embalagens

[C] Lego is planning to reduce the size of their products.

A Lego está planejando reduzir o tamanho dos seus produtos.

[D] Lego’s raw material will continue to be the same.

A matéria-prima da Lego continuará a ser a mesma.

[E] They are going to hire 100 specialists in 2030.

Vão contratar 100 especialistas em 2030.

•    TEXTO 4  

Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 54, 55 e 56.

Prison without guards or weapons in Brazil

Tatiane Correia de Lima is a 26-year-old mother of two who is serving a 12-year sentence in Brazil. The South American country has the world’s fourth largest prison population and its jails regularly come under the spotlight for their poor conditions, with chronic overcrowding and gang violence provoking deadly riots.

Lima had just been moved from a prison in the mainstream penitential system to a facility run ______(1) the Association for the Protection and Assistance to Convicts (APAC) in the town of Itaúna, in Minas Gerais state. Unlike in the mainstream system, “which steals your femininity”, as Lima puts it, at the APAC jail she is allowed to wear her own clothes and have a mirror, make-up and hair dye. But the difference between the regimes is far more than skin-deep.

The APAC system has been gaining growing recognition as a safer, cheaper and more humane answer to the country’s prison crisis. All APAC prisoners must have passed through the mainstream system and must show remorse and be willing to follow the strict regime of work and study which is part of the system’s philosophy. There are no guards or weapons and visitors are greeted by an inmate who unlocks the main door to the small women’s jail.

Inmates are known as recuperandos (recovering people), reflecting the APAC focus ______(2) restorative justice and rehabilitation. They must study and work, sometimes in collaboration with the local community. If they do not - or if they try to abscond - they risk being returned to the mainstream system. There have been physical fights but never a murder at an APAC jail.

  • Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-44056946

54 – Choose the alternative containing the correct words to respectively complete gaps (1) and (2).

[A] to, in

[B] in, of

[C] at, on

[D] by, from

[E] by, on

•    Gabarito E  

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:

55 – In the sentence

  • “But the difference between the regimes is far more than skin-deep.” (paragraph 2),

the expression skin-deep means

[A] protective.

[B] extreme.

[C] shocking.

[D] profound.

[E] superficial.

•    Gabarito E  

  • “But the difference between the regimes is far more than skin-deep.”
  • Mas a diferença entre os regimes é muito mais do que superficial.

the expression skin-deep means

[A] protective.

[B] extreme.

[C] shocking.

[D] profound.

[E] superficial.

56 – (ESPCEX-2019-CADETE DO EXÉRCITO) According to the text, choose the correct statement.

[A] Brazil’s prison system is the most populous in the world.

[B] The prisoners must regret their previous crimes to be relocated to an APAC jail.

[C] There have been no cases of aggression inside APAC facilities.

[D] Lima has a child who is 12 years old.

[E] Brazil is known for its poverty and street protests.

•    Gabarito B  

According to the text, choose the correct statement.

De acordo com o texto, escolha a afirmação correta.

[A] Brazil’s prison system is the most populous in the world.

O sistema prisional do Brasil é o mais populoso do mundo.

[B] The prisoners must regret their previous crimes to be relocated to an APAC jail.

Os prisioneiros devem se arrepender de seus crimes anteriores para serem realocados para uma prisão da APAC.

[C] There have been no cases of aggression inside APAC facilities.

Não houve casos de agressão dentro das instalações da APAC.

[D] Lima has a child who is 12 years old.

Lima tem um filho de 12 anos.

[E] Brazil is known for its poverty and street protests.

O Brasil é conhecido por sua pobreza e protestos de rua.