FASA–2018.2–COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• FACULDADE SANTO AGOSTINHO-2018/2-VESTIBULAR.

vestibular@fasa.edu.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 05 MCQs (Multiple Choice Question) / 4 Options Each Question.
• Texto – | Little "Rainbow" dinosaur discovered by farmer in china | www.livescience.com |

❑ PROVA:

         

Despite its fearsome, Velociraptor-like skull, a 161-million-year-old dinosaur the size of a duck would have been a shining, shimmering and splendid sight to behold — mostly because it sported gleaming, iridescent feathers that were rainbow-colored, a new study finds. Iridescent feathers glistened on the dinosaur’s head, wings and tail, according to an analysis of the shape and structure of the creature’s melanosomes, the parts of cells that contain pigment. “The preservation of this dinosaur is incredible — we were really excited when we realized the level of detail we were able to see on the feathers,” study coresearcher Chad Eliason, said.
          

After discovering its iridescence and noting the unique bony crest on top of the dinosaur’s head, researchers gave it a colorful name — Caihong juji — which is Mandarin for "rainbow with the big crest." C. juji isn’t the first dinosaur on record to have iridescent feathers; Microraptor, a four-winged dinosaur also sported gleaming feathers. But that dinosaur lived about 40 million years after C. juji, so the newly identified dinosaur is by far the oldest dinosaur on record to flaunt iridescent plumage, the researchers said.
         

C. juji is also the oldest animal on record to have asymmetrical feathers, which help modern birds steer while flying. However, unlike modern birds, whose asymmetrical feathers are on their wing tips, C. juji sported these lopsided feathers on its tail. That, combined with the fact that C. juji likely couldn’t fly, led’the researchers to conclude the dinosaur likely used its feathers to attract mates and keep warm. This “bizarre” feature has never been seen before in either dinosaurs or birds, which evolved from dinosaurs, said study coresearcher Xing Xu.

GEGGEL, Laura. https://www.livescience.com/61429-little-rainbowdinosaur-discovered-by-farmer-in-china.html. Acesso em: 13 maio 2018. Adaptado.

❑ TRADUÇÃO DO TEXTO:

Despite its fearsome, Velociraptor-like skull, a 161-million-year-old dinosaur the size of a duck would have been a shining, shimmering and splendid sight to behold — mostly because it sported gleaming, iridescent feathers that were rainbow-colored, a new study finds.

Apesar do seu crânio temível, semelhante ao do Velociraptor, um dinossauro com 161 milhões de anos, do tamanho de um pato, teria sido uma visão brilhante, cintilante e esplêndida - principalmente porque ostentava penas brilhantes e iridescentes com as cores do arco-íris, segundo um novo estudo.

• "fearsome"/ˈfɪr.səm/ – assustador, temível.
• "dinosaur"/ˈ1daɪ.nə.sɔːr/ – dinossauro - a type of reptile that became extinct about 65,000,000 years ago. (https://dictionary.cambridge.org/)
• "a shining, shimmering and splendid sigh" – uma visão brilhante, cintilante e esplêndida.
• "the size of a duck" – o tamanho de um pato.
• "mostly because" – principalmente porque.
• "a 161-million-year-old dinosaur" – um dinossauro com 161 milhões de anos.
• "mostly because" – principalmente porque.
• "gleaming, iridescent feathers" – penas brilhantes e iridescentes.
• Iridescente é um adjetivo que descreve algo que reflete as cores do arco-íris. A iridescência é um fenômeno óptico que ocorre quando a luz é refletida, refratada ou dispersa por uma superfície, resultando em cores que mudam dependendo do ângulo de visão. 
• "TO SPORT"(OSTENTAR, EXIBIR) – to display or wear usually ostentatiously.
• "rainbow-colored" – colorido do arco-íris, da cor do arco-íris, multicolorido.

Iridescent feathers glistened on the dinosaur’s head, wings and tail, according to an analysis of the shape and structure of the creature’s melanosomes, the parts of cells that contain pigment. “The preservation of this dinosaur is incredible — we were really excited when we realized the level of detail we were able to see on the feathers,” study coresearcher Chad Eliason, said.

As penas iridescentes brilhavam na cabeça, nas asas e na cauda do dinossauro, de acordo com uma análise da forma e da estrutura dos melanossomas da criatura, as partes das células que contêm pigmento. "A preservação deste dinossauro é incrível - ficamos muito entusiasmados quando nos apercebemos do nível de detalhe que conseguimos ver nas penas", disse o investigador Chad Eliason.

• "TO GLISTEN" /'ɡlɪsən/ – to gleam, to shimmer, to shine, to glint, to sparkle – brilhar, cintilar. 
• "on the dinosaur’s head, wings and tail" – na cabeça, nas asas e na cauda do dinossauro.
• "according to an analysis" – de acordo com uma análise.
• "on the feathers" – nas penas.

After discovering its iridescence and noting the unique bony crest on top of the dinosaur’s head, researchers gave it a colorful name — Caihong juji — which is Mandarin for "rainbow with the big crest." C. juji isn’t the first dinosaur on record to have iridescent feathers; Microraptor, a four-winged dinosaur also sported gleaming feathers.

Depois de descobrir a sua iridescência e observar a crista óssea única no topo da cabeça do dinossauro, os investigadores deram-lhe um nome colorido - Caihong juji - que em mandarim significa"arco-íris com a grande crista". O C. juji não é o primeiro dinossauro de que há registo a ter penas iridescentes; o Microraptor, um dinossauro de quatro asas, também tinha penas brilhantes.

• "AFTER DISCOVERING ... and NOTING..." Depois de descobrir ... e observar....
• "which is Mandarin for" - que em mandarim ignifica.
• "rainbow with the big crest" - arco-íris com a grande crista.
• "isn’t the first dinosaur" - não é o primeiro dinossauro.

But that dinosaur lived about 40 million years after C. juji, so the newly identified dinosaur is by far the oldest dinosaur on record to flaunt iridescent plumage, the researchers said.

Mas esse dinossauro viveu cerca de 40 milhões de anos depois do C. juji, então, o dinossauro recém-identificado é sem dúvida, o dinossauro mais antigo registrado a exibir plumagem iridescente, disseram os pesquisadores..

• "is by far" - é sem dúvida.

C. juji is also the oldest animal on record to have asymmetrical feathers, which help modern birds steer while flying. However, unlike modern birds, whose asymmetrical feathers are on their wing tips, C. juji sported these lopsided feathers on its tail.

O C. juji é também o animal mais antigo de que há registo a ter penas assimétricas, que ajudam as aves modernas a orientarem-se enquanto voam. No entanto, ao contrário das aves modernas, cujas penas assimétricas se encontram nas pontas das asas, o C. juji ostentava estas penas assimétricas na cauda.

• "asymmetrical feathers"(lopsided feathers) - penas assimétricas,
• Assimétrica é um adjetivo que significa sem simetria, desigual, ou que não é semelhante ou igual, ou seja, quando não existe padrão ou semelhança entre as partes.

That, combined with the fact that C. juji likely couldn’t fly, led’the researchers to conclude the dinosaur likely used its feathers to attract mates and keep warm. This “bizarre” feature has never been seen before in either dinosaurs or birds, which evolved from dinosaurs, said study coresearcher Xing Xu.

Isto, combinado com o fato de que o C. juji provavelmente não podia voar, levou os investigadores a concluir que o dinossauro provavelmente usava as suas penas para atrair parceiros e manter-se quente. Esta caraterística "bizarra" nunca tinha sido observada nos dinossauros nem nas aves, que evoluíram a partir dos dinossauros, disse o investigador principal do estudo, Xing Xu.

• "likely couldn’t fly" - provavelmente não conseguia voar.
• "to attract mates and keep warm" - atrair parceiros e manter-se quente.
• "This bizarre feature" -  Esta caraterística "bizarra".
• "has never been seen before" -  nunca tinha sido observada.

11 – (FASA-VESTIBULAR-2018.2) Fill in the parentheses with T (True) or F (False).
Considering the results of the studies about the fossilized dinosaur mentioned in the text, it’s correct to say:

• (  ) It lived about six million years ago.
• (  ) It was a kind of giant flying bird.
• (  ) It was covered with colorful feathers.
• (  ) It was in good condition when it was found.

The correct sequence, from top to bottom, is
(A) T T T T
(B) T F F T
(C) T T F F
(D) F F T T

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

Preencha os parênteses com T (Verdadeiro) ou F(Falso).

Considerando os resultados dos estudos sobre o dinossauro fossilizado mencionado no texto, é correto dizer:
(F) Ele viveu cerca de seis milhões de anos atrás.
(F) Era uma espécie de pássaro voador gigante.
(V) Estava coberto de penas coloridas.
(V) Estava em boas condições quando foi encontrado.
A sequência correta, de cima para baixo, é
*Item (A) incorreto: T T T T
*Item (B) incorreto: T F F T
*Item (C) incorreto: T T F F
*Item (D) CORRETO: F F T T

12 – (FASA-VESTIBULAR-2018.2) The fossil dinosaur was given the name Caihong juji because of the feathers on its

(A) head.
(B) wings.
(C) neck.
(D) tail.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

The fossil dinosaur was given the name Caihong juji because of the feathers on its

O dinossauro fóssil recebeu o nome de Caihong juji por causa das penas em sua

(A) head. cabeça
(B) wings. asas
(C) neck. pescoço
(D) tail. caule

>> TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:

• [...] After discovering its iridescence and noting the unique bony crest on top of the dinosaur’s head, researchers gave it a colorful name — Caihong juji — which is Mandarin for "rainbow with the big crest."

13 – (FASA-VESTIBULAR-2018.2) What makes C. juji different from the dinosaur Microraptor is that

(A) Microraptor’s plumage didn’t shine.
(B) C. juji isn’t as old as Microraptor.
(C) Microraptor had no feathers
(D) Microraptor is younger than C. juji.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

What makes C. juji different from the dinosaur Microraptor is that

O que faz C. juji diferente do Microraptor de dinossauro é que

A) Microraptor’s plumage didn’t shine.

A plumagem do Microraptor não brilhava.
B) C. juji isn’t as old as Microraptor.

C. juji não é tão antigo quanto o Microraptor.
C) Microraptor had no feathers.

Microraptor não tinha penas.
D) Microraptor is younger than C. juji.

Microraptor é mais jovem que C. juji.

>> TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:

• "[...] C. juji isn’t the first dinosaur on record to have iridescent feathers; Microraptor, a four-winged dinosaur also sported gleaming feathers. But that dinosaur lived about 40 million years after C. juji, so the newly identified dinosaur is by far the oldest dinosaur on record to flaunt iridescent plumage, the researchers said."
• C. juji não é o primeiro dinossauro registrado a ter penas iridescentes; Microraptor, um dinossauro de quatro asas também ostentava penas reluzentes. Mas esse dinossauro viveu cerca de 40 milhões de anos depois de C. juji, então o dinossauro recém-identificado é SEM DÚVIDA, o mais antigo dinossauro registrado para exibir a plumagem iridescente, disseram os pesquisadores.

14 – (FASA-VESTIBULAR-2018.2) The researchers think that C. juji used its tail feathers to

(A) help in the take off.
(B) frighten rival dinosaurs.
(C) find a sexual partner.
(D) cool off in hot weather.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

The researchers think that C. juji used its tail feathers to

Os pesquisadores acham que C. juji usou suas penas da cauda para

A) help in the take off. – ajudar na decolagem.
B) frighten rival dinosaurs. – assustar os dinossauros rivais.
C) find a sexual partner. – encontrar um parceiro sexual.
D) cool off in hot weather. – se refrescar no tempo quente.

>> TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:

• "[...] That, combined with the fact that C. juji likely couldn’t fly, led’the researchers to conclude the dinosaur likely used its feathers to attract mates and keep warm.

15 – (FASA-VESTIBULAR-2018.2)  Considering language use in the text, it’s correct to say:

(A) The pronoun “its” (l. 1) refers to “duck” (l. 2).

• "Despite its fearsome,

(B) The word “that” (l. 9) is functioning as a conjunction.
(C) The verb form “were able to” (l. 12) is synonymous with “could”.
(D) The phrase “by far” (l. 22) is the same as much less.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR & EXPRESSION"BY FAR"(really, undoubtedly):

Considering language use in the text, it’s correct to say:

(A) The pronoun “its” (l. 1) refers to “duck” (l. 2).

• Despite its fearsome, Velociraptor-like skull, a 161-million-year-old dinosaur the size of a duck...
• "ITS" - adjetivo possessivo que qualifica o substantivo "fearsome" e que se refere ao substantivo "a 161-million-year-old dinosaur".

(B) The word “that” (l. 9) is functioning as a conjunction.

• iridescent feathers that were rainbow-colored
• "THAT" - funciona gramaticalmente, na frase, como PRONOME RELATIVO e sintaticamente funciona como sujeito da relative clause "that were rainbow-colored".

(C) The verb form “were able to” (l. 12) is synonymous with “could”.

•  the level of detail we were able to see on the feathers
• No contexto, "were able to" e "could" são semanticamente intercambiáveis e sinônimos.

(D) The phrase “by far” (l. 22) is the same as much less.

•  the level of detail we were able to see on the feathers
•  "BY FAR" is the same as "undoubtedly", "definitely", "really".