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➧NESTE POST: PROVA de INGLÊS da FGV-2011-VESTIBULAR 1º SEMESTRE, aplicada em 24/10/2010.
➧BANCA/ORGANIZADOR:
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• 15 Questões(múltiplas escolhas com 05 alternativas cada).
➧TÓPICOS ABORDADOS ao longo da prova:
1-VERBS:
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2-PHRASAL VERBS - USES:
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3-PERFECT TENSE - USES:
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4-MODAL VERBS - USES:
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5-NOUN:
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6-ADJECTIVES:
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7-ADVERBS:
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8-NOUN PHRASES(Adjective+noun):
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9-IDIOMS(Expressões Idiomáticas):
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10-COLLOCATIONS:
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11-TECHNICAL ENGLISH(Business English, Finance English, Legal English and so on):
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12-LINKING WORDS:
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13-GENITIVE CASE:
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14-FALSE COGNATES:
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Vamos à Prova:
• TEXTO 1:
RESTORATION DRAMA
1
2
That Ohel RacheI was reopened, even though Judaism is not one of China's five officially recognised religions, is one of a number of signs that Shanghai may be coming to terms with its past. After the Communist revolution in 1949, much of the city's history was swept under the carpet, and its grand old buildings put to new uses. Some of these buildings had been designated for protection in recent decades, but the heritage signs posted on them typically give little detail about their previous significance.
3
Ohel RacheI was neglected for decades. Even now, the 2,000-strong Jewish community has been promised regular access only until October, when the Shanghai World Expo ends. But Rabbi Shalom Greenberg, who led the campaign for its reopening, says that the city's authorities have indicated unofficially that it will be hard to reverse the decision. He believes that Shanghai’s economic revival has made officials more confident in treating its complex history, and able "to use the past to benefit the future–even if the past was not so much to their liking."
4
Shanghai's small Russian Orthodox community has also, for the first time, received permission to use one of the prewar churches built by White Russians. Shanghai's former British cathedral, the Holy Trinity, has been painstakingly renovated by China's official Protestant church.
5
At the north end of the Bund, Shanghai's famous waterfront, the area around the original British consulate has been renovated. Even the buildings' original names, such as the Baptist Publication Society Building and the former headquarters of Britain's Royal Asiatic Society, have been reinstated. "This is nothing to do with politics," says Zhou Wei, governor of the district which includes the Bund. "This is about history and culture. This area is the root of the development of modern Shanghai." Mr Zhou says that Shanghai is treating the protection of its distinctive history and culture with new seriousness.
6 Around the city, a number of signs detailing long-forgotten street names have been erected. The Shanghai Corporate Pavilion at the World Expo, funded by local state enterprises, commissioned a Pulitzer-prize-winning photographer, Liu Heung Shing, to compile a book of images of Shanghai's history, giving him unprecedented access to the city's archives.
7
Yet this more relaxed attitude towards history does not always beget more vigorous preservation. In some areas of the city, demolition continues. The demand for new infrastructure, or simply property, can be more than enough to trump the appeal of conservation. Parts of the wartime Jewish "ghetto" area in Hongkou district, for instance, were recently knocked down. Parts of the past itself are still off limits too. In Mr Liu's book, a number of historical moments are notably absent, such as the student protests in Shanghai in 1989. Some history is still too hard to face.
The Economist – May 29th–June 4th 2010
👉 Questão 31 According to the information in the article, Ohel Rachel most likely
A must let Chinese citizens enter its premises as a condition for being allowed to conduct regular Sabbath services.
B recently moved to its new headquarters in a building at Shanghai’s Municipal Education Commission compound.
C is the oldest synagogue in Shanghai.
D is the only Orthodox Jewish synagogue allowed to conduct regular Sabbath services in Shanghai.
E was not used as a place for regular Sabbath services for more than half of its existence.
R E S P O S T A : E |
• De acordo com as informações do artigo, Ohel Rachel provavelmente...
A) must let Chinese citizens enter its premises as a condition for being allowed to conduct regular Sabbath services.
• deve permitir que os cidadãos chineses entrem em suas instalações como condição para poder realizar os serviços regulares de sábado.
B) recently moved to its new headquarters in a building at Shanghai’s Municipal Education Commission compound.
• mudou-se recentemente para sua nova sede em um prédio no complexo da Comissão de Educação Municipal de Xangai.
C) is the oldest synagogue in Shanghai.
• é a sinagoga mais antiga de Xangai.
D) is the only Orthodox Jewish synagogue allowed to conduct regular Sabbath services in Shanghai.
• é a única sinagoga judia ortodoxa com permissão para realizar serviços regulares de sábado em Xangai.
E) was not used as a place for regular Sabbath services for more than half of its existence.
• não foi usado como um local para serviços regulares de sábado por mais da metade de sua existência.
👉 Questão 32 According to the information in the article, which of the following probably best explains one important aspect of the reopening of Ohel Rachel?
A It may indicate that China’s government is ready to give official recognition to the Jewish religion.
B It will probably lead to a strengthening of diplomatic and commercial relations between China and Israel.
C It could mean that Shanghai is starting to take an honest look at its history.
D It could be a sign that Shanghai is finally willing to recognize the great importance of Judaism in the development of the city.
E It is a sign that China may finally be willing to examine honestly the role of various ethnic and religious groups in its long history.
R E S P O S T A : C |
• De acordo com as informações do artigo, qual das alternativas a seguir provavelmente explica melhor um aspecto importante da reabertura de Ohel Rachel?
A) It may indicate that China’s government is ready to give official recognition to the Jewish religion.
• Isso pode indicar que o governo da China está pronto para dar reconhecimento oficial à religião judaica.
B) It will probably lead to a strengthening of diplomatic and commercial relations between China and Israel.
• Provavelmente levará ao fortalecimento das relações diplomáticas e comerciais entre a China e Israel.
C) It could mean that Shanghai is starting to take an honest look at its history.
• Pode significar que Xangai está começando a olhar honestamente para sua história.
D) It could be a sign that Shanghai is finally willing to recognize the great importance of Judaism in the development of the city.
• Pode ser um sinal de que Xangai finalmente está disposta a reconhecer a grande importância do Judaísmo no desenvolvimento da cidade.
E) It is a sign that China may finally be willing to examine honestly the role of various ethnic and religious groups in its long history.
• É um sinal de que a China pode finalmente estar disposta a examinar honestamente o papel de vários grupos étnicos e religiosos em sua longa história.
👉 Questão 33 According to the information in the article, though Shanghai is showing interest in protecting its historic buildings, it has
A concentrated most of its efforts on constructions from the Communist era.
B ignored many constructions because of their religious significance.
C done little to help the general public understand why those buildings are important.
D refused to identify systematically which buildings are in fact being protected.
E established vague, secretive criteria for judging the historical significance of certain constructions.
R E S P O S T A : C |
• De acordo com as informações do artigo, embora Xangai esteja demonstrando interesse em proteger seus prédios históricos,
A) concentrated most of its efforts on constructions from the Communist era.
• concentrou a maior parte de seus esforços em construções da era comunista.
B) ignored many constructions because of their religious significance.
• ignorou muitas construções por causa de seu significado religioso.
C) done little to help the general public understand why those buildings are important.
• pouco fez para ajudar o público em geral a entender por que esses edifícios são importantes.
D) refused to identify systematically which buildings are in fact being protected.
• recusou-se a identificar sistematicamente quais edifícios estão de fato sendo protegidos.
E) established vague, secretive criteria for judging the historical significance of certain constructions.
• estabeleceu critérios vagos e secretos para julgar o significado histórico de certas construções.
👉 Questão 34 In paragraph 3, the phrase “…the city’s authorities have indicated unofficially that it will be hard to reverse the decision” most likely refers to which of the following?
A Shanghai’s government has let it be known informally that Shanghai’s Jewish community will probably be allowed to continue using Ohel Rachel.
B Unfortunately, Ohel Rachel will probably be demolished to make way for a new building.
C An agreement with Shanghai’s government means that Shanghai’s Jewish community will probably have to vacate Ohel Rachel at the end of October.
D It is highly doubtful that Shanghai’s government will change its mind and continue to allow Ohel Rachel to be used for Jewish religious services.
E Shanghai’s government told Rabbi Shalom Greenberg that the city’s Jewish community will be allowed regular access to Ohel Rachel only until the end of the Shanghai World Expo.
R E S P O S T A : A |
• • No parágrafo 3, a frase "... as autoridades da cidade indicaram não oficialmente que será difícil reverter a decisão" provavelmente se refere a qual dos seguintes?
A) Shanghai’s government has let it be known informally that Shanghai’s Jewish community will probably be allowed to continue using Ohel Rachel.
• O governo de Xangai informou informalmente que a comunidade judaica de Xangai provavelmente terá permissão para continuar usando Ohel Rachel.
B) Unfortunately, Ohel Rachel will probably be demolished to make way for a new building.
• Infelizmente, Ohel Rachel provavelmente será demolido para dar lugar a um novo edifício.
C) An agreement with Shanghai’s government means that Shanghai’s Jewish community will probably have to vacate Ohel Rachel at the end of October.
• Um acordo com o governo de Xangai significa que a comunidade judaica de Xangai provavelmente terá que desocupar Ohel Rachel no final de outubro.
D) It is highly doubtful that Shanghai’s government will change its mind and continue to allow Ohel Rachel to be used for Jewish religious services.
• É altamente duvidoso que o governo de Xangai mude de ideia e continue permitindo que Ohel Rachel seja usado para serviços religiosos judaicos.
E) Shanghai’s government told Rabbi Shalom Greenberg that the city’s Jewish community will be allowed regular access to Ohel Rachel only until the end of the Shanghai World Expo.
• O governo de Xangai disse ao Rabino Shalom Greenberg que a comunidade judaica da cidade terá acesso regular a Ohel Rachel apenas até o final da Exposição Mundial de Xangai.
👉 Questão 35 In paragraph 5, “This” in the statement “This is nothing to do with politics” most likely refers to the
A Shanghai government’s new religious and cultural tolerance.
B Shanghai government’s greater confidence, which is a consequence of the city’s economic revival.
C Shanghai government’s decision to reopen Ohel Rachel for regular Sabbath services.
D restoration of a section of the north end of Shanghai’s Bund.
E controversy surrounding the renovation of Shanghai’s old British consulate, along with many neighboring buildings.
R E S P O S T A : D |
• No parágrafo 5, "Isso" na declaração "Isso não tem nada a ver com política" provavelmente se refere ao
A) Shanghai government’s new religious and cultural tolerance.
• A nova tolerância religiosa e cultural do governo de Xangai.
B) Shanghai government’s greater confidence, which is a consequence of the city’s economic revival.
• Maior confiança do governo de Xangai, que é uma consequência da recuperação econômica da cidade.
C) Shanghai government’s decision to reopen Ohel Rachel for regular Sabbath services.
• Decisão do governo de Xangai de reabrir Ohel Rachel para os serviços regulares de sábado.
D) restoration of a section of the north end of Shanghai’s Bund.
• restauração de uma seção do extremo norte do Bund de Xangai.
E) controversy surrounding the renovation of Shanghai’s old British consulate, along with many neighboring buildings.
• polêmica em torno da reforma do antigo consulado britânico de Xangai, junto com muitos prédios vizinhos.
👉 Questão 36 With respect to Shanghai’s history, which of the following is not supported by the information in the article?
A At the moment, Ohel Rachel is one of a small group of Shanghai synagogues that are still in operation.
B After the Communist revolution in 1949, Shanghai was too poor to study and preserve its architectural and religious history.
C After the Communist revolution of 1949, Shanghai deliberately ignored some important aspects of its multi-cultural, multi-religious history.
D One Jewish leader thinks that Shanghai officials find certain aspects of their city’s history disagreeable.
E Religious discrimination in Shanghai was directed not only at the city’s Jewish community, but also at other groups.
R E S P O S T A : B |
• Com relação à história de Xangai, qual das opções a seguir não é confirmada pelas informações do artigo?
A) At the moment, Ohel Rachel is one of a small group of Shanghai synagogues that are still in operation.
• No momento, Ohel Rachel faz parte de um pequeno grupo de sinagogas de Xangai que ainda estão em operação.
B) After the Communist revolution in 1949, Shanghai was too poor to study and preserve its architectural and religious history.
• Após a revolução comunista em 1949, Xangai era muito pobre para estudar e preservar sua história arquitetônica e religiosa.
C) After the Communist revolution of 1949, Shanghai deliberately ignored some important aspects of its multi-cultural, multi-religious history.
• Após a revolução comunista de 1949, Xangai deliberadamente ignorou alguns aspectos importantes de sua história multicultural e religiosa.
D) One Jewish leader thinks that Shanghai officials find certain aspects of their city’s history disagreeable.
• Um líder judeu acha que os oficiais de Xangai consideram certos aspectos da história de sua cidade desagradáveis.
E) Religious discrimination in Shanghai was directed not only at the city’s Jewish community, but also at other groups.
• A discriminação religiosa em Xangai foi dirigida não apenas à comunidade judaica da cidade, mas também a outros grupos.
👉 Questão 37 According to the information in the article, Liu Heung Shing
A made a book that fails to give a complete picture of Shanghai’s history.
B made an all-inclusive and prize-winning book of historical Shanghai images.
C was commissioned by the Shanghai government to photograph the city’s current, day-to-day reality.
D was the first person ever to enter Shangai´s archives.
E almost abandoned his historical-image project because of Shanghai government interference.
According to the information in the article, Shanghai’s more liberal, more serious approach to its culture and history
A is supported by the great majority of Shanghai residents.
B has benefited mainly the city’s Jewish community.
B made an all-inclusive and prize-winning book of historical Shanghai images.
C was commissioned by the Shanghai government to photograph the city’s current, day-to-day reality.
D was the first person ever to enter Shangai´s archives.
E almost abandoned his historical-image project because of Shanghai government interference.
R E S P O S T A : A |
• De acordo com as informações do artigo, Liu Heung Shing
A) made a book that fails to give a complete picture of Shanghai’s history.
• fez um livro que falha em dar uma imagem completa da história de Xangai.
B) made an all-inclusive and prize-winning book of historical Shanghai images.
• fez um livro com tudo incluído e premiado com imagens históricas de Xangai.
C) was commissioned by the Shanghai government to photograph the city’s current, day-to-day reality.
• foi encomendado pelo governo de Xangai para fotografar a realidade atual e cotidiana da cidade.
D) was the first person ever to enter Shangai´s archives.
• foi a primeira pessoa a entrar nos arquivos de Xangai.
E) almost abandoned his historical-image project because of Shanghai government interference.
• quase abandonou seu projeto de imagem histórica por causa da interferência do governo de Xangai.
👉 Questão 38 According to the information in the article, Shanghai’s more liberal, more serious approach to its culture and history
A is supported by the great majority of Shanghai residents.
B has benefited mainly the city’s Jewish community.
C has received a lot of support from the Russian Orthodox Church and the British government.
D still must overcome strong political opposition before it can be implemented.
E has at times been obliged to give way to business and political interests.
Blame economic worries, another freezing winter, or the cascade of scandals emerging from the
world's leading climate-research body, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). But
concern over global warming has cooled down dramatically. In über-green Germany, only 42
percent of citizens worry about global warming now, down from 62 percent in 2006. In Britain, just
26 percent believe climate change is man-made, down from 41 percent as recently as November
2009. And Americans rank global warming dead Iast in a list of 21 problems that concern them,
according to a January Pew poll.
2
The shift has left many once celebrated climate researchers feeling like the used-car salesmen of the science world. In Britain, one leading scientist told an interviewer he is taking anti-anxiety pills and considered suicide following the leak of thousands of IPCC-related e-mails and documents suggesting that researchers cherry-picked data and suppressed rival studies to play up global warming. In the U.S., another researcher is under investigation for allegedly using exaggerated climate data to obtain public funds. In an open letter published in the May issue of Science magazine, 255 American climate researchers decry "political assaults" on their work by "deniers" and followers of "dogma" and "special interests."
3
This is no dispute between objective scientists and crazed flat-earthers. The lines cut through the profession itself. Very few scientists dispute a link between man-made CO2 and global warming. Where it gets fuzzy is the extent and time frame of the effect. One crucial point of contention is climate "sensitivity" – the mathematical formula that translates changes in CO2 production to changes in temperature. In addition, scientists are not sure how to explain a slowdown in the rise of global temperatures that began about a decade ago.
4
The backlash against climate science is also about the way in which leading scientists allied themselves with politicians and activists to promote their cause. Some of the IPCC's most-quoted data and recommendations were taken straight out of unchecked activist brochures, newspaper articles, and corporate reports – including claims of plummeting crop yields in Africa and the rising costs of warming-related natural disasters, both of which have been refuted by academic studies.
The first sentence of the article most likely mentions “economic worries,” “another freezing winter,” and “the cascade of scandals…” in order to
A explain some of the factors that have made global-warming research so imprecise.
B list some possible reasons for the public’s decreasing preoccupation with global warming.
C expose some potential flaws in the arguments of those who do not consider global warming a serious problem.
D offer an alternative theory about why global warming has become such a serious problem in the last thirty years.
E justify the defensive attitude that many global-warming specialists have adopted in reaction to the growing resistance to their research findings.
The Pew poll mentioned in paragraph 1 most likely supports which of the following statements?
A The percentage of people in Germany and Britain who are worried about global warming is higher than that in the United States.
B The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is now distrusted by a majority of the people in Germany, Britain, and the United States.
C Among the citizens of industrialized countries, Germans are still the most concerned about global warming.
D Americans believe that at least 20 things are a greater cause for worry than global warming is.
E In comparison with the inhabitants of countries around the world, Americans are probably the least concerned about global warming.
The “shift” mentioned in the first sentence of paragraph 2 most likely refers to the
A change in public opinion from a strong preoccupation with global warming to a significantly lesser preoccupation.
B public’s refusal to believe that the global-warming process has slowed down during approximately the last 10 years.
C discovery that several important climate researchers may have manipulated data to make global warming look more serious than it really is.
D humiliation that many members of the scientific community have recently suffered because of their global-warming research.
E public contempt now being directed at many of the world’s most important climate researchers.
Which of the following probably best expresses the controversy related to the IPCC?
A IPCC researchers refused to consult other organizations and institutions before publishing their conclusions about the seriousness of global warming.
B IPCC researchers allegedly used unethical methods to make global warming appear more problematic than it may really be.
C A handful of IPCC researchers misappropriated public funds for their own personal use.
D IPCC researchers suppressed global-warming information in order to avoid damaging the reputations of certain large corporations.
E The IPCC convinced the public that global warming was a man-made phenomenon rather than a natural one.
In paragraph 3, the sentence “The lines cut through the profession itself” most likely means approximately the same as which of the following?
A The global-warming controversy essentially puts the scientific community on one side and the public on the other.
B The connection between man-made CO2 and global warming is the only thing on which scientists are in agreement.
C Even members of the scientific community are unable to agree on certain important issues related to global warming.
D Many scientists now refuse to believe that climate “sensitivity” is related to CO2 emissions.
E The global-warming controversy has evenly divided the scientific community, with each side accusing the other of dishonesty and conflict of interest.
According to the information in the article, which of the following questions most likely is no longer relevant?
A Just how much of a problem is global warming?
B When can we expect the consequences of global warming to start becoming disastrous?
C How do we calculate accurately the effect that greater or lesser amounts of man-made CO2 will have on temperature?
D Why has the world warmed at a slower rate for approximately the last 10 years?
E Why is African agriculture suddenly producing much less food?
According to the information in the article, the IPCC
A released thousands of e-mails and documents in an attempt to destroy the arguments of rival scientists.
B made fraudulent claims about the seriousness of global warming in order to receive research money from the governments of several countries.
C sent a letter signed by 255 of its scientists to protest what it considered unfair and unsupported criticisms of its research.
D presented to the public information that had come from non-IPCC sources and that had never been verified.
E worked secretly with certain academic institutions in order to refute some serious criticisms of global warming.
• De acordo com as informações do artigo, o IPCC
D still must overcome strong political opposition before it can be implemented.
E has at times been obliged to give way to business and political interests.
R E S P O S T A : E |
• De acordo com as informações do artigo, a abordagem mais liberal e mais séria de Xangai em relação à sua cultura e história
A) is supported by the great majority of Shanghai residents.
• é apoiado pela grande maioria dos residentes de Xangai.
B) has benefited mainly the city’s Jewish community.
• beneficiou principalmente a comunidade judaica da cidade.
C) has received a lot of support from the Russian Orthodox Church and the British government.
• recebeu muito apoio da Igreja Ortodoxa Russa e do governo britânico.
D) still must overcome strong political opposition before it can be implemented.
• ainda deve superar forte oposição política antes que possa ser implementado.
E) has at times been obliged to give way to business and political interests.
• às vezes foi obrigado a ceder a interesses políticos e empresariais.
TEXTO 2
UNCERTAIN SCIENCE
By Stefan Theil
By Stefan Theil
1
The shift has left many once celebrated climate researchers feeling like the used-car salesmen of the science world. In Britain, one leading scientist told an interviewer he is taking anti-anxiety pills and considered suicide following the leak of thousands of IPCC-related e-mails and documents suggesting that researchers cherry-picked data and suppressed rival studies to play up global warming. In the U.S., another researcher is under investigation for allegedly using exaggerated climate data to obtain public funds. In an open letter published in the May issue of Science magazine, 255 American climate researchers decry "political assaults" on their work by "deniers" and followers of "dogma" and "special interests."
3
This is no dispute between objective scientists and crazed flat-earthers. The lines cut through the profession itself. Very few scientists dispute a link between man-made CO2 and global warming. Where it gets fuzzy is the extent and time frame of the effect. One crucial point of contention is climate "sensitivity" – the mathematical formula that translates changes in CO2 production to changes in temperature. In addition, scientists are not sure how to explain a slowdown in the rise of global temperatures that began about a decade ago.
4
The backlash against climate science is also about the way in which leading scientists allied themselves with politicians and activists to promote their cause. Some of the IPCC's most-quoted data and recommendations were taken straight out of unchecked activist brochures, newspaper articles, and corporate reports – including claims of plummeting crop yields in Africa and the rising costs of warming-related natural disasters, both of which have been refuted by academic studies.
Newsweek – June 7, 2010
👉 Questão 39 The first sentence of the article most likely mentions “economic worries,” “another freezing winter,” and “the cascade of scandals…” in order to
A explain some of the factors that have made global-warming research so imprecise.
B list some possible reasons for the public’s decreasing preoccupation with global warming.
C expose some potential flaws in the arguments of those who do not consider global warming a serious problem.
D offer an alternative theory about why global warming has become such a serious problem in the last thirty years.
E justify the defensive attitude that many global-warming specialists have adopted in reaction to the growing resistance to their research findings.
R E S P O S T A : B |
• A primeira frase do artigo provavelmente menciona "preocupações econômicas", "outro inverno congelante" e "a cascata de escândalos ..." para
A) explain some of the factors that have made global-warming research so imprecise.
• explicar alguns dos fatores que tornaram as pesquisas sobre o aquecimento global tão imprecisas.
B) list some possible reasons for the public’s decreasing preoccupation with global warming.
• relacionar algumas possíveis razões para a diminuição da preocupação do público com o aquecimento global.
C) expose some potential flaws in the arguments of those who do not consider global warming a serious problem.
• expor algumas falhas potenciais nos argumentos daqueles que não consideram o aquecimento global um problema sério.
D) offer an alternative theory about why global warming has become such a serious problem in the last thirty years.
• oferecer uma teoria alternativa sobre por que o aquecimento global se tornou um problema tão sério nos últimos trinta anos.
E) justify the defensive attitude that many global-warming specialists have adopted in reaction to the growing resistance to their research findings.
• justificar a atitude defensiva que muitos especialistas em aquecimento global têm adotado em reação à crescente resistência aos resultados de suas pesquisas.
👉 Questão 40 The Pew poll mentioned in paragraph 1 most likely supports which of the following statements?
A The percentage of people in Germany and Britain who are worried about global warming is higher than that in the United States.
B The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is now distrusted by a majority of the people in Germany, Britain, and the United States.
C Among the citizens of industrialized countries, Germans are still the most concerned about global warming.
D Americans believe that at least 20 things are a greater cause for worry than global warming is.
E In comparison with the inhabitants of countries around the world, Americans are probably the least concerned about global warming.
R E S P O S T A : D |
• A pesquisa Pew mencionada no parágrafo 1 provavelmente apóia qual das seguintes afirmações?
A) The percentage of people in Germany and Britain who are worried about global warming is higher than that in the United States.
• A porcentagem de pessoas na Alemanha e na Grã-Bretanha que estão preocupadas com o aquecimento global é maior do que nos Estados Unidos.
B) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is now distrusted by a majority of the people in Germany, Britain, and the United States.
• O Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC) agora é desconfiado pela maioria das pessoas na Alemanha, Grã-Bretanha e Estados Unidos.
C) Among the citizens of industrialized countries, Germans are still the most concerned about global warming.
• Entre os cidadãos dos países industrializados, os alemães ainda são os mais preocupados com o aquecimento global.
D) Americans believe that at least 20 things are a greater cause for worry than global warming is.
• Entre os cidadãos dos países industrializados, os alemães ainda são os mais preocupados com o aquecimento global.
• Os americanos acreditam que pelo menos 20 coisas são um motivo de preocupação maior do que o aquecimento global.
E) In comparison with the inhabitants of countries around the world, Americans are probably the least concerned about global warming.
• Em comparação com os habitantes de países ao redor do mundo, os americanos são provavelmente os menos preocupados com o aquecimento global.
👉 Questão 41 The “shift” mentioned in the first sentence of paragraph 2 most likely refers to the
A change in public opinion from a strong preoccupation with global warming to a significantly lesser preoccupation.
B public’s refusal to believe that the global-warming process has slowed down during approximately the last 10 years.
C discovery that several important climate researchers may have manipulated data to make global warming look more serious than it really is.
D humiliation that many members of the scientific community have recently suffered because of their global-warming research.
E public contempt now being directed at many of the world’s most important climate researchers.
R E S P O S T A : A |
• A "mudança" mencionada na primeira frase do parágrafo 2 provavelmente se refere ao
A) change in public opinion from a strong preoccupation with global warming to a significantly lesser preoccupation.
• mudança na opinião pública de uma forte preocupação com o aquecimento global para uma preocupação significativamente menor.
B) public’s refusal to believe that the global-warming process has slowed down during approximately the last 10 years.
• recusa do público em acreditar que o processo de aquecimento global desacelerou durante aproximadamente os últimos 10 anos.
C) discovery that several important climate researchers may have manipulated data to make global warming look more serious than it really is.
• descoberta de que vários pesquisadores importantes do clima podem ter manipulado dados para fazer o aquecimento global parecer mais sério do que realmente é.
D) humiliation that many members of the scientific community have recently suffered because of their global-warming research.
• a humilhação que muitos membros da comunidade científica sofreram recentemente por causa de suas pesquisas sobre o aquecimento global.
E) public contempt now being directed at many of the world’s most important climate researchers.
• desprezo público agora sendo direcionado a muitos dos pesquisadores do clima mais importantes do mundo.
👉 Questão 42 Which of the following probably best expresses the controversy related to the IPCC?
A IPCC researchers refused to consult other organizations and institutions before publishing their conclusions about the seriousness of global warming.
B IPCC researchers allegedly used unethical methods to make global warming appear more problematic than it may really be.
C A handful of IPCC researchers misappropriated public funds for their own personal use.
D IPCC researchers suppressed global-warming information in order to avoid damaging the reputations of certain large corporations.
E The IPCC convinced the public that global warming was a man-made phenomenon rather than a natural one.
R E S P O S T A : B |
• Qual das alternativas a seguir provavelmente expressa melhor a controvérsia relacionada ao IPCC?
A) IPCC researchers refused to consult other organizations and institutions before publishing their conclusions about the seriousness of global warming.
• Os pesquisadores do IPCC recusaram-se a consultar outras organizações e instituições antes de publicar suas conclusões sobre a gravidade do aquecimento global.
B) IPCC researchers allegedly used unethical methods to make global warming appear more problematic than it may really be.
• Pesquisadores do IPCC supostamente usaram métodos antiéticos para fazer o aquecimento global parecer mais problemático do que realmente pode ser.
C) A handful of IPCC researchers misappropriated public funds for their own personal use.
• Um punhado de pesquisadores do IPCC desviou fundos públicos para seu próprio uso pessoal.
D) IPCC researchers suppressed global-warming information in order to avoid damaging the reputations of certain large corporations.
• Os pesquisadores do IPCC suprimiram informações sobre o aquecimento global para evitar danos à reputação de certas grandes corporações.
E) The IPCC convinced the public that global warming was a man-made phenomenon rather than a natural one.
• O IPCC convenceu o público de que o aquecimento global foi um fenômeno causado pelo homem, e não natural.
👉 Questão 43 In paragraph 3, the sentence “The lines cut through the profession itself” most likely means approximately the same as which of the following?
A The global-warming controversy essentially puts the scientific community on one side and the public on the other.
B The connection between man-made CO2 and global warming is the only thing on which scientists are in agreement.
C Even members of the scientific community are unable to agree on certain important issues related to global warming.
D Many scientists now refuse to believe that climate “sensitivity” is related to CO2 emissions.
E The global-warming controversy has evenly divided the scientific community, with each side accusing the other of dishonesty and conflict of interest.
R E S P O S T A : C |
• De acordo com as informações do artigo, qual das perguntas a seguir provavelmente NÃO É mais relevante?
A) Just how much of a problem is global warming?
• Qual é o problema do aquecimento global?
B) When can we expect the consequences of global warming to start becoming disastrous?
• Quando podemos esperar que as consequências do aquecimento global comecem a ser desastrosas?
C) How do we calculate accurately the effect that greater or lesser amounts of man-made CO2 will have on temperature?
• Como calculamos com precisão o efeito que maiores ou menores quantidades de CO2 artificial terão sobre a temperatura?
D) Why has the world warmed at a slower rate for approximately the last 10 years?
• Por que o mundo aqueceu mais lentamente nos últimos 10 anos?
E) Why is African agriculture suddenly producing much less food?
• Por que a agricultura africana de repente está produzindo muito menos alimentos?
👉 Questão 44 According to the information in the article, which of the following questions most likely is no longer relevant?
A Just how much of a problem is global warming?
B When can we expect the consequences of global warming to start becoming disastrous?
C How do we calculate accurately the effect that greater or lesser amounts of man-made CO2 will have on temperature?
D Why has the world warmed at a slower rate for approximately the last 10 years?
E Why is African agriculture suddenly producing much less food?
R E S P O S T A : E |
•
👉 Questão 45 According to the information in the article, the IPCC
A released thousands of e-mails and documents in an attempt to destroy the arguments of rival scientists.
B made fraudulent claims about the seriousness of global warming in order to receive research money from the governments of several countries.
C sent a letter signed by 255 of its scientists to protest what it considered unfair and unsupported criticisms of its research.
D presented to the public information that had come from non-IPCC sources and that had never been verified.
E worked secretly with certain academic institutions in order to refute some serious criticisms of global warming.
R E S P O S T A : D |
A) released thousands of e-mails and documents in an attempt to destroy the arguments of rival scientists.
• divulgou milhares de e-mails e documentos na tentativa de destruir os argumentos de cientistas rivais.
B) made fraudulent claims about the seriousness of global warming in order to receive research money from the governments of several countries.
• fez alegações fraudulentas sobre a gravidade do aquecimento global para receber dinheiro para pesquisa de governos de vários países.
C) sent a letter signed by 255 of its scientists to protest what it considered unfair and unsupported criticisms of its research.
• enviou uma carta assinada por 255 de seus cientistas para protestar contra o que considerou críticas injustas e infundadas de sua pesquisa.
D) presented to the public information that had come from non-IPCC sources and that had never been verified.
• apresentou ao público informações provenientes de fontes não pertencentes ao IPCC e que nunca foram verificadas.
E) worked secretly with certain academic institutions in order to refute some serious criticisms of global warming.
• trabalhou secretamente com certas instituições acadêmicas para refutar algumas críticas sérias ao aquecimento global.:
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