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Welcome back to another post!
➧NESTE POST: PROVA de INGLÊS da FGV-RJ-2015-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE, aplicada em 31/05/2015.
➧BANCA/ORGANIZADOR:
➧LEITURA de textos de jornais digitais, revistas, websites, é um excelente treino para a prova.
• 15 Questões do tipo (A,B,C,D,E).
➧TÓPICOS ABORDADOS ao longo da prova:
1-VERBS:
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2-PHRASAL VERBS - USES:
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3-PERFECT TENSE - USES:
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4-MODAL VERBS - USES:
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5-NOUN:
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6-ADJECTIVES:
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7-ADVERBS:
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8-NOUN PHRASES(Adjective+noun):
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9-IDIOMS(Expressões Idiomáticas):
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10-COLLOCATIONS:
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11-TECHNICAL ENGLISH(Business English, Finance English, Legal English and so on):
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12-LINKING WORDS:
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13-GENITIVE CASE:
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14-FALSE COGNATES:
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➧Agora vamos à PROVA!
• TEXTO 1:
Electronic books and printed books
By James Surowiecki
1
common way of finding new books than either online search or social media. In fact, independent
bookstores are now thriving, thanks in large part to their close ties to both publishers and customers. “Stores that can help you not just find what you’re looking for but also help you discover books you haven’t heard of are still very valuable to readers,” says Daniel Raff, a management professor at Wharton.
2
Of course, a lot of people believe that physical books are “technologically obsolete,” and that
the book industry is heading down the path that the music industry took, where digital downloads
decimated CD sales and put record stores out of business. It’s true that, between 2009 and 2011, ebook sales rose at triple-digit annual rates. But last year, according to industry trade groups, e-book sales rose just forty-four per cent. (They currently account for about a fifth of the total market.) This kind of deceleration in the growth rate isn’t what you’d expect if e-books were going to replace printed books anytime soon. In a recent survey by the Codex Group, ninety-seven per cent of people who read e-books said that they were still loyal to print, and only three per cent of frequent book buyers read only digital.
3
E-books obviously have certain advantages (like the fact that you can carry lots of them around with you), but for many book buyers their main appeal is that they’re cheaper. Against that, the Codex Group finds that people of all ages still prefer print for serious reading; e-book sales are dominated by genre fiction—“light reading.” This may be just a prejudice that will vanish as e-books become more common. But we do read things differently when they’re on a page rather than on a screen. A study this year found that people reading on a screen tended to skip around more and read less intensively, and plenty of research confirms that people tend to comprehend less of what they read on a screen. The differences are small, but they may explain the persistent appeal of paper. Indeed, hardcover book sales rose last year by a hundred million dollars.
4
For many people, as a number of studies show, reading is a genuinely tactile experience—how
a book feels and looks has a material impact on how we feel about reading. This isn’t necessarily
traditionalism or nostalgia. The truth is that the book is an exceptionally good piece of technology—
easy to read, portable, durable, and inexpensive. Unlike the phase-change move toward digital that we saw in music, the transition to e-books is going to be slow; coexistence is more likely than conquest. The book isn’t obsolete.
Adapted from The New Yorker, July 29, 2013.
👉 Questão 31 :With respect to independent bookstores, which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?
(A) They have recently become more profitable than online booksellers.
(B) They have never been so profitable as they are nowadays.
(C) They have had to enter into strategic partnerships with book publishers in order to avoid bankruptcy.
(D) They have been able to strengthen their business by both selling to customers and providing them with information.
(E) They have become even more important because they advise customers on which authors to read and publishers on which authors to publish.
R E S P O S T A : D |
• Com relação às livrarias independentes, qual das opções a seguir é mais suportada pelas informações do artigo?
(A) Tornaram-se recentemente mais rentáveis do que as livrarias online.(B) Eles nunca foram tão lucrativos como são hoje em dia.
(C) Eles tiveram que estabelecer parcerias estratégicas com editores de livros para evitar a falência.
(D) Eles conseguiram fortalecer seus negócios vendendo aos clientes e fornecendo informações.
(E) Eles se tornaram ainda mais importantes porque aconselham os clientes sobre quais autores ler e os editores sobre quais autores publicar.
👉 Questão 32 :
In paragraph 2, the article most likely includes the phrase “last year…e-book sales rose just fortyfour per cent” in order to
(A) weaken the argument that e-books will substitute printed books in the near future.
(B) support the idea that continued technological advances will make e-books more and more
popular with the general reading public.
(C) compare the sales problems of the book industry today with those of the music industry
some years ago.
(D) call into question the sales statistics presented by industry trade groups.
(E) help explain why e-book sales are currently so vigorous.
R E S P O S T A : A |
•
👉 Questão 33 :According to the information in the article, the Codex Group’s research data supports all of the following except
(A) at the moment, the Internet is not the most popular alternative for people interested in searching for something new to read.
(B) if given a choice between buying a book in the electronic version or in the printed version,
people still inevitably prefer the printed version.
(C) the vast majority of people who read e-books are still attracted to printed books.
(D) among the people who often purchase books, only a relatively small proportion limit
themselves exclusively to e-books.
(E) instead of representing a broad spectrum of literature and published material, e-book sales
are still dominated by certain kinds of books.
R E S P O S T A : B |
•
👉 Questão 34 :In paragraph 3, “This” in the sentence “This may be just a prejudice that will vanish as e-books
become more common” most likely refers to which of the following?
(A) Many people don’t know how easy it is to carry around a great number of e-books.
(B) Most people think that low cost is the only really attractive feature of e-books.
(C) Most people limit their use of e-books to whatever they read for leisure.
(D) It is still hard to find many serious works of literature in an e-book version.
(E) Some people mistakenly think that the light used in e-books is prejudicial to the eyes.
R E S P O S T A : C |
•
👉 Questão 35 :Which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?
(A) For most people, reading something on a screen is as pleasurable as is reading it on a page.
(B) It is easier to read quickly and superficially with an e-book than it is with a printed book.
(C) There is no better way to gain profound understanding of a difficult idea than by reading a printed book.
(D) The convenience and facility offered by e-books more than compensate any possible loss of comprehension that may result from using that technology.
(E) Reading something in a printed book tends to encourage greater understanding of the material than does reading it in an e-book.
R E S P O S T A : E |
•
👉 Questão 36 :In paragraph 3, the phrase “The differences are small…” most likely refers to which of the
following?
(A) The levels of reading comprehension associated with printed books are a little lower than
those associated with e-books.
(B) Nowadays, people have only a few reasons to prefer e-books to printed books.
(C) Printed books offer some slight but significant advantages over e-books.
(D) People may find it hard to understand the advantages of reading printed books.
(E) Statistics indicate that there is only small difference between e-book sales and printed book
sales.
R E S P O S T A : C |
•
👉 Questão 37 :With respect to the act of reading itself, which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?
(A) The pleasure of reading may be affected by more than words.
(B) Reading appeals to all of the senses, not just to sight.
(C) The reluctance to read e-books in fact has nothing to do with an aversion to technology.
(D) A sense of tradition and nostalgia is the main reason that most people avoid reading e-books.
(E) Reading a printed book is neither harder nor easier than reading an e-book.
R E S P O S T A : A |
•
👉 Questão 38 :With respect to the future of printed books, which of the following is most supported by the
information in the article?
A Printed books will continue to be more popular than e-books, no matter how attractive ebooks become.
B In a technologically advanced world, printed books will one day be irrelevant.
C Even though bookstores will eventually disappear, printed books will continue to be sold
through different means.
D The inherent qualities of printed books mean that probably there will continue to be a place
for them.
E In the end, the book industry will be unable to escape the same destiny that nearly destroyed
the music industry.
R E S P O S T A : D |
•
• TEXTO 2:
The CIA’s covert efforts to reduce support for President Salvador Allende played an important
role in the extreme political confusion that characterized his time in power. But the fierce opposition Allende faced was primarily a response to his own flawed economic policies, which hurt not only the wealthy but the middle and working classes as well. Perhaps fearing that his narrow margin of victory gave him little time to pursue his vision of a socialist Chile, Allende rushed into a program of land
reform, nationalization of industry, and government spending to stimulate the economy. Initially, it
seemed to work. In the government’s first year, real GDP grew by nearly eight percent, production
increased by more than 12 percent, and consumption levels grew at a rate of 13 percent. But by early
1971, Allende’s economic populism began to backfire. Landlords became reluctant to maintain properties that might be seized at any moment. Business owners began leaving the country, taking their capital and entrepreneurial knowledge with them. And the public in general suffered shortages of basic goods.
2
Allende faced political problems, too. The moderate Christian Democrats were alarmed by his
nationalization of industry and opposed his agenda in parliament. Meanwhile, leftists in Allende’s
ruling coalition thought he should move even faster. Their impatience encouraged the Revolutionary Left Movement, which sponsored confiscations of privately held land in the countryside, often by violent means, creating a climate of fear and worsening food shortages.
3
Among my group of secret helpers at the time was an elderly middle-class woman, a grandmotherly type. She suggested putting together a demonstration in which women would carry pots and pans along with banners protesting the scarcity of food and basic household items. It sounded like a good idea, at least worth a small CIA investment. I gave her several hundred dollars but had low expectations. So I was stunned a few weeks later when I was walking near a park not far from the U.S. embassy and heard the thunder of thousands of women parading down the street, pounding on pots and pans. There, among those directing the marchers toward the presidential palace, was my helper. Later that night, as the demonstrators gathered outside the palace, leftist students arrived on the scene and physically attacked the women. Images of Chilean housewives getting harassed by leftist youths flashed around the world, creating a publicity nightmare for the Allende government and a rallying point for the opposition.
4
The demonstration came to be known as “the March of the Empty Pots and Pans,” and soon, similar protests were organized by other women’s groups, sometimes aimed at the military, which the women challenged to act against Allende.
Which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?
(A) By weakening Salvador Allende politically and economically, the CIA, more than any other
organization, guaranteed his fall from power.
(B) The CIA’s covert efforts to remove Salvador Allende from power, while effective, were clearly
illegal.
(C) Salvador Allende was deposed because the members of Chile’s elite were strongly influenced by the CIA.
(D) By mishandling Chile’s economy, Salvador Allende created a situation in which Chileans of many classes opposed him.
(E) By imposing disastrous socialist economic policies in Chile, Salvador Allende lost the formerly
strong support of the country’s wealthy, middle, and working classes.
Salvador Allende and the CIA
By Jack Devine (ex-member of the CIA)
1
role in the extreme political confusion that characterized his time in power. But the fierce opposition Allende faced was primarily a response to his own flawed economic policies, which hurt not only the wealthy but the middle and working classes as well. Perhaps fearing that his narrow margin of victory gave him little time to pursue his vision of a socialist Chile, Allende rushed into a program of land
reform, nationalization of industry, and government spending to stimulate the economy. Initially, it
seemed to work. In the government’s first year, real GDP grew by nearly eight percent, production
increased by more than 12 percent, and consumption levels grew at a rate of 13 percent. But by early
1971, Allende’s economic populism began to backfire. Landlords became reluctant to maintain properties that might be seized at any moment. Business owners began leaving the country, taking their capital and entrepreneurial knowledge with them. And the public in general suffered shortages of basic goods.
2
Allende faced political problems, too. The moderate Christian Democrats were alarmed by his
nationalization of industry and opposed his agenda in parliament. Meanwhile, leftists in Allende’s
ruling coalition thought he should move even faster. Their impatience encouraged the Revolutionary Left Movement, which sponsored confiscations of privately held land in the countryside, often by violent means, creating a climate of fear and worsening food shortages.
3
Among my group of secret helpers at the time was an elderly middle-class woman, a grandmotherly type. She suggested putting together a demonstration in which women would carry pots and pans along with banners protesting the scarcity of food and basic household items. It sounded like a good idea, at least worth a small CIA investment. I gave her several hundred dollars but had low expectations. So I was stunned a few weeks later when I was walking near a park not far from the U.S. embassy and heard the thunder of thousands of women parading down the street, pounding on pots and pans. There, among those directing the marchers toward the presidential palace, was my helper. Later that night, as the demonstrators gathered outside the palace, leftist students arrived on the scene and physically attacked the women. Images of Chilean housewives getting harassed by leftist youths flashed around the world, creating a publicity nightmare for the Allende government and a rallying point for the opposition.
4
The demonstration came to be known as “the March of the Empty Pots and Pans,” and soon, similar protests were organized by other women’s groups, sometimes aimed at the military, which the women challenged to act against Allende.
Adapted from Foreign Affairs, July/August 2014
👉 Questão 39 :Which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?
(A) By weakening Salvador Allende politically and economically, the CIA, more than any other
organization, guaranteed his fall from power.
(B) The CIA’s covert efforts to remove Salvador Allende from power, while effective, were clearly
illegal.
(C) Salvador Allende was deposed because the members of Chile’s elite were strongly influenced by the CIA.
(D) By mishandling Chile’s economy, Salvador Allende created a situation in which Chileans of many classes opposed him.
(E) By imposing disastrous socialist economic policies in Chile, Salvador Allende lost the formerly
strong support of the country’s wealthy, middle, and working classes.
R E S P O S T A : D |
•
👉 Questão 40 :According to the information in the article, which of the following might have been the reason
that Salvador Allende went ahead so quickly with his new government’s program?
(A) He was convinced that the CIA was planning to remove him immediately from power.
(B) In order to keep the support of Chile’s middle and working classes, he needed to improve the
country’s rapidly deteriorating economy.
(C) He was afraid that if he didn’t take immediate action, his coalition government would lose the
support of its leftist members, who were demanding the implementation of socialism.
(D) He wanted to discourage conservative members of Chile’s armed forces who were trying to remove him from power.
(E) Since he didn’t have strong nationwide support, he thought that only by acting immediately could he implement the ideas that he believed would make Chile a socialist country.
R E S P O S T A : E |
•
👉 Questão 41 :According to the information in the article, Salvador Allende’s economic policies led to all of the
following except
(A) a strong increase in consumption that created serious inflationary problems.
(B) in the first year, a GDP increase of less than 10% and production increase of more than 10%.
(C) increased uncertainty in Chile’s real estate sector.
(D) beginning in 1971, a probable decrease in Chile’s aggregate stock of business and
commercial information.
(E) beginning in 1971, increased difficulties for the Chilean people in finding the items that they
used in their daily lives.
R E S P O S T A : A |
•
👉 Questão 42 :With respect to to the Revolutionary Left Movement, which of the following is most supported by
the information in the article?
(A) It tried to expel the Christian Democrats from Salvador Allende’s ruling coalition.
(B) At times it acted in accordance with ideas favored by some members of Salvador Allende’s
government.
(C) As it constituted Chile’s most radical party, it tried to take control of Salvador Allende’s coalition government by force.
(D) It often killed property owners in order to take their land.
(E) It hoped to foment a nationwide socialist revolution through mass hunger and acts of terrorism.
R E S P O S T A : B |
•
👉 Questão 43 :With respect to the “elderly, middle-class woman” mentioned in paragraph 3, which of the
following is most supported by the information in the article?
(A) She was an American intelligence official who had been sent to Chile to destabilize that
country’s democratically elected government.
(B) Though apparently a simple, inoffensive Chilean woman, she was in reality helping the CIA in
its efforts against Salvador Allende’s government.
(C) She fooled the author of the article into giving her money to organize a “small” street protest
against Salvador Allende’s government.
(D) The success of the street protest that she organized surprised her as much as it did the author
of the article.
(E) Her family had suffered greatly because of the activities of leftist radicals in Chile’s
countryside.
R E S P O S T A : B |
•
👉 Questão 44 :The “publicity nightmare” mentioned at the end of paragraph 3 most likely refers to the fact that
(A) housewives had publicly demonstrated against the disappearance of basic food and
household items from Chile’s supermarkets.
(B) students and housewives had joined together to commit acts of violence in a massive antigovernment street demonstration in Chile.
(C) students in Chile had committed acts of violence against women engaged in a peaceful street
demonstration.
(D) Chile’s government had actively encouraged students to commit acts of violence against
women protesters.
(E) Chile’s government had tried to censure information about the violent middle-class
opposition to Salvador Allende’s socialist policies.
R E S P O S T A : C |
•
👉 Questão 45 :According to the information in the article, in protests similar to the first “March of the Empty Pots and Pans,”
(A) leftist students, knowing they had the government’s support, inevitably showed up to attack the women taking part in the demonstrations.
(B) Chile’s armed forces were sometimes brought out to make sure that no violence would take place.
(C) men and women in equal numbers joined together to demonstrate against Salvador Allende’s government.
(D) the demonstrators would sometimes accuse the military of actively promoting Salvador Allende’s socialist agenda.
(E) the women participating demonstrated that they were dissatisfied not only with the government, but also, to a certain extent, with the armed forces.
R E S P O S T A : E |
• According to the information in the article, in protests similar to the first “March of the Empty Pots and Pans,”
(A) leftist students, knowing they had the government’s support, inevitably showed up to attack the women taking part in the demonstrations.(B) Chile’s armed forces were sometimes brought out to make sure that no violence would take place.
(C) men and women in equal numbers joined together to demonstrate against Salvador Allende’s government.
(D) the demonstrators would sometimes accuse the military of actively promoting Salvador Allende’s socialist agenda.
(E) the women participating demonstrated that they were dissatisfied not only with the government, but also, to a certain extent, with the armed forces.
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