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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
• AFA-2022-CFOAV/CFOINT/CFOINF-CURSO DE FORMAÇÃO DE OFICIAIS (Aviador/Infantaria/Intendente)-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA.
❑ TEXTO 1: Answer questions 01 to 16 according to the text.
(Adapted from https://www.psychologytoday.com.Access on March 25th, 2021)
01 – (AFA/CFO/OFICIAL/2022-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)
Mark the option that makes an appropriate title for the text.
a) 5 Tips For
Better Decisions at Work
b) Why Can
Decision-Making Be So Simple?
c) Should You
Do What Everyone Else Is Doing?
d) New Research Suggests That Machines Can Give Better Recommendations Than People
In paragraph 2, the option that fits the gap appropriately in standard language is
a) have been
studied.
b) has been
studied.
c) has studied.
d) is studied.
Earlier experiments showed that
a) individuals
surrounded by other participants might be tricked into providing a wrong
answer.
b) personal
beliefs provide guidance when there’s uncertainty and lack of information.
c) the
Autokinectic Effect describes how light can improve people’s perception.
d) the influence of the opinion of others can help us make correct decisions.
a)
individuals surrounded by other participants might be tricked into providing a
wrong answer.
- indivíduos cercados
por outros participantes podem ser induzidos a dar uma resposta errada.
b) personal
beliefs provide guidance when there’s uncertainty and lack of information.
- as crenças pessoais
fornecem orientação quando há incerteza e falta de informação.
c) the
Autokinectic Effect describes how light can improve people’s perception.
- o efeito
autocinético descreve como a luz pode melhorar a percepção das pessoas.
d) the
influence of the opinion of others can help us make correct decisions.
- a influência da opinião de outras pessoas pode nos ajudar a tomar decisões corretas.
04 – (AFA/CFO/OFICIAL/2022)
According to more recent research,
a) the more
people are in control of their choices, the better they can match their
preferences.
b) crowd
following does not occur when people see that others are mistaken.
c) people might
change their beliefs or behavior in order to fit in with the group.
d) people made the wrong choice to avoid disagreement.
a) the more
people are in control of their choices, the better they can match their
preferences.
- quanto mais as
pessoas controlam suas escolhas, melhor elas podem corresponder às suas
preferências.
b) crowd
following does not occur when people see that others are mistaken.
- o seguimento da
multidão não ocorre quando as pessoas veem que os outros estão enganados.
c) people
might change their beliefs or behavior in order to fit in with the group.
- as pessoas podem
mudar suas crenças ou comportamento para se encaixar no grupo.
d) people
made the wrong choice to avoid disagreement.
- as pessoas fizeram a escolha errada para evitar desacordo.
05 – (AFA/CFO/OFICIAL/2022)
In the text, the word even (line 31)
a) is used for
emphasis or surprise.
b) has the same
meaning as just.
c) expresses a
negative idea.
d) means exactly.
Read the statements below.
I. We ought to
consider things more slowly and intentionally to make better decisions.
II. When under
pressure it might be valid to follow the crowd.
III. Being driven by what other people are doing is a rational process.
Mark the alternative that is correct according to the text.
a) I and II
b) I and III
c) II and III
d) I, II and III
- Devemos considerar
as coisas de forma mais lenta e intencional para tomar decisões melhores.
*(II) When
under pressure it might be valid to follow the crowd.
- Quando sob pressão,
pode ser válido seguir a multidão.
*(III) Being
driven by what other people are doing is a rational process.
- Ser conduzido pelo que outras pessoas estão fazendo é um processo racional.
07 – (AFA/CFO/OFICIAL/2022)
A recurring idea in the text is that
a) scientists
found a definite answer as to why people are compelled to follow the crowd.
b) social
impacts are reduced when people conform to the crowd.
c) going your
own way eventually leads to bad decisions.
d) following the crowd has pros and cons.
a) scientists
found a definite answer as to why people are compelled to follow the crowd.
- os cientistas
encontraram uma resposta definitiva para o motivo pelo qual as pessoas são
obrigadas a seguir a multidão.
b) social
impacts are reduced when people conform to the crowd.
- os impactos sociais
são reduzidos quando as pessoas se adaptam à multidão.
c) going your
own way eventually leads to bad decisions.
- seguir seu próprio
caminho acaba levando a más decisões.
d) following
the crowd has pros and cons.
- seguir a multidão tem prós e contras.
08 – (AFA/CFO/OFICIAL/2022)
The statement that is more closely related to the idea found in paragraph 9 is:
a) Following
others will take you away from the correct path.
b) People are
drawn to the immediate rewards of a potential choice.
c) Individual
decisions tend to be made to the benefit of the group.
d) We’re often balancing between what is best for ourselves and for others too.
Therefore (line 51) is closest in meaning to
a)
nevertheless. (line 2)
b) however.
(line 22)
c) thus. (line
41)
d) furthermore. (line 64)
The following factors can influence people into following the crowd, EXCEPT,
a) choices that
express more than one possible meaning.
b) the strong
influence of a group on members to behave as everyone else does.
c) a possible
modification in the way we perceive and memorize things due to social
connections.
d) more objective facts, statistics, measurements and evaluations as sources of potential decision-making information.
Mark the option in which the passage expresses a condition.
a) From a
perceptual standpoint […] (line 36)
b) Unless you
are in an emergency situation […] (lines 77 and 78)
c) Rather than
knowingly making the wrong choice […] (lines 51 and 52)
d) Furthermore, pro-social and altruistic behaviors can be influenced […] (lines 64 and 65)
An indirect question can be seen in:
a) When making
a decision, it’s common to observe other people’s behavior.
b) Is this an
individual choice, or does it involve others?
c) The
experiment was conducted by Dr. Kowalski, who also recruited the participants.
d) Could you explain why we are so compelled to follow the crowd?
In the text, the phrasal verb that means have a harmonious and friendly relationship is
a) look to.
(line 7)
b) get along.
(line 67)
c) look beyond.
(line 62)
d) figure out. (line 72)
Mark the alternative that shows a synonym for down-side (line 105).
a) disruption
b) discomfort
c) disadvantage
d) dislocation
Based on the last paragraph, it’s safe to say that
a) when making
important decisions, it is helpful to stay open to facts and possibilities that
we don’t want or like.
b) our
reasoning about an issue may lead us to pursue a deeper understanding of who we
are.
c) we often
automatically accept things as “true” before we carefully deliberate about
them.
d) gathering every fact and carefully thinking through every decision is impossible.
It’s correct to affirm that the text is
a) personal and
informal.
b) informative
and supportive.
c) ironic and
reminiscent.
d) lyrical and sublime.