RELATIVE PRONOUNS - Detalhes de semântica e de gramática dos RELATIVE PRONOUNS -

Olá olá amigos e amigas, fãs do blog, tudo bem?!!!

Bem-vindo de volta a outro post que trata do tópico "RELATIVE PRONOUNS", assunto muito recorrente em questões de vestibulares e concursos públicos.

- Detalhes de semântica e de gramática dos RELATIVE PRONOUNS (retoma a algo mencionado anteriormente no contexto):

(A) WHO:

• "WHO" refere-se a SOMEBODY,
• "WHO" pode exercer função sintática de SUJEITO ou de OBJETO (DIRETO) da relative clause;
• NÃO PAREADO COM PREPOSIÇÃO.
• "WHO" is used in both defining and non-defining relative clauses.

>> EXAMPLES:

1. The people who lived here have left.
2. The girl who you spoke to has since left the company.
3. Peter, who was at the match, has told me all about it.
4. The guard who let us in checked our badges.
5. It is important to have a family who love you.
6. I bumped into Ian and Sue, who had just come back from Madrid.
7. This is a man who takes his responsibilities seriously.
8. They have two sons who are doctors. (Defining Clause, neste caso, o significado é que há mais filhos na família.)
9. They have two sons, who are doctors. (Non-defining  clause, neste caso, o significado é que não há mais filhos na família, há somente 2 filhos na família.)

(B) WHOM:

• "WHOM" refere-se a SOMEBODY,
• "WHO" exerce função sintática de OBJETO (direto ou indireto) da relative clause;
• PAREADO OU NÃO COM PREPOSIÇÃO.
• "WHOM" is used in both defining and non-defining relative clauses.

>> EXAMPLES:

1. The man with whom she lived.
2. This is the woman with whom I work.

(C) WHICH:

• "WHICH" refere-se a "animals", "inanimate objects", "groups", or "ideas". (refere-se a coisas em geral):
• In relative clauses, you can use either who or which after a collective noun such as family, committee, or group.(THE FREE DICTIONARY)
• Poderá ter função sintática de sujeito ou função sintática de objeto.
• PAREADO OU NÃO COM PREPOSIÇÃO.
• "WHICH" is used in both defining and non-defining relative clauses.
• "WHICH" introduces a non-defining clause (in this case, "which" is paired with a comma.)
• "WHICH" introduces a defining clause (in this case, "which" never is paired with a comma.)

>> EXAMPLES:

1. We have seen a lot of changes which are good for business.
2. He is a member of a group which does a lot of charitable work.
3. He showed me round the town, which was very kind of him.
4. The picking of the fruit, for which work they receive no money, takes about a week.
5. There are several small ponds in which a variety of fish live.

(C) WHOSE:

• We use whose to introduce a relative clause indicating possession by people, animals and things.(CAMBRIDGE DICTIONARY)
• WHOSE não tem função sintática de sujeito, nem de objeto.
• Tem função sintática de possessivo. 
• É pronome REI, ABSOLUTO. Não pode ser substituído por nenhum outro pronome.
• É seguido por substantivo,
• É o pronome conhecido como "O REI ABSOLUTO" pois não pode ser substituído por nenhum outro pronome.

>> EXAMPLES:

1. John works with that other chap whose name I can’t remember.
2. Shirley has a 17-year-old daughter whose ambition is to be a photographer.

(E) THAT: 

• We use THAT to introduce defining relative clauses.(CAMBRIDGE DICTIONARY)
• "THAT" as a relative pronoun never has a preposition before it.(COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY)
• Restrictive clause = defining clause = defining relative clause.
• "THAT" pode funcionar como sujeito ou objeto direto na relativa clause.
• "NÃO PAREADO COM PREPOSIÇÃO.
• Pode substituir o WHO (NÃO PAREADO COM PREPOSIÇÃO ou VÍRGULA).
• Pode substituir o WHOM (NÃO PAREADO COM PREPOSIÇÃO ou VÍRGULA)
• Pode substituir o WHICH (NÃO PAREADO COM PREPOSIÇÃO ou VÍRGULA)

- EXAMPLES: 

1. They’re the people that want to buy our house.
2. Here are some cells that have been affected.

(E) NOTAS IMPORTANTES:

• Pronome relativo com função sintática de sujeito não pode ser omitido da oração, tendo em vista que, em inglês, não existe oração sem sujeito.
• TODO pronome relativo com função sintática de objeto pode ser omitido da oração.

QUESTÕES COM GABARITO:

01 – (EEAR-BCT-2020/1) 

• "A Qantas spokeswoman confirmed that the passenger ________ received tratment during the medical emergency couldn’t survive."

Fill in the blank with the correct relative pronoun.

(A) who
(B) what
(C) which
(D) whose

• ANSWER (A)

02 – (EEAR-BCT-2019/1) Consider this excerpt from the text:

• “They work at air route traffic control centers located throughout the country, which typically are not located at airports.”

All the following sentences about the underlined word are correct, except:

(A) The underlined word is a relative pronoun.

(B) The word “which” introduces a defining relative clause.

(C) The word “which” refers to “air route traffic control centers”.

(D) “Which typically are not located at airports” is a non-defining relative clause.

• ANSWER (B)

03 – (EEAR-2018) 

The American Association of Blood Banks used to bar people over 65 from donating blood, but it scrapped the rule in 1978 after studies found that older people _____ stored their own blood prior to surgery did well, said Dr. Steven Kleinman, the association's senior medical adviser. Now most blood banks are happy to accept blood from older volunteers.

• Adapted from: http://well.blogs.nytimes.com

Choose the best alternative to complete the blank in the text.

(A) which
(B) where
(C) when
(D) who

• ANSWER (D)

04 – (EEAR-2018) Choose the correct sentence.

(A) I saw a girl who hair was blue.
(B) Mr. Smith, which has never smiled, seems very happy today.
(C) He got fired again, what surprised everybody.
(D) The girl who I gave the form to was very nervous.
(E) It was like a dream from that I feared I would wake sooner or later.

• ANSWER (D)

05 – (EEAR-2017) 

Another plane returns to Guarulhos airport

"For the second day consecutive, an airplane had to return to Guarulhos airport, after being hit by birds.

The incident happened on Wednesday (27) with a Boeing 737- 800 belonging to the airline Gol _____ took off for Fortaleza."

Choose the word to have the text completed:

(A) which
(B) whom
(C) whose
(D) who

• ANSWER (A)

QUESTION 06 - (EFOMM-2015):

Choose the alternative where the pronoun can correctly be omitted.

(A) Do Exercise 1, which is very easy.
(B) Have you read the letter which I sent you?
(C) She lives in a house which was built by her father.
(D) The man who gave me the book was the librarian.
(E) These walls are all that remain of the city.

• ANSWER (B)

QUESTION 07 - (EFOMM-2014):

In which sentence below can you leave out the relative pronoun?

(A) Last week I met some people who were born in the USA.
(B) The film which we saw yesterday was very interesting.
(C) That's the restaurant where Carol works.
(D) My sister, who is 31 years old, got married in July.
(E) I didn't get what I wanted for my birthday.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 

QUESTION 08 - (EEAR-2013):

"[...] Once upon a time there was a young girl ______ lived near the forest with her mother and father. She was pretty, nice and kind. So everybody loved her very much."

Choose the correct alternative to fill in the blank.
(A) who
(B) which
(C) whom
(D) whose

• ANSWER (A)

QUESTION 09 - (FCC/SP-2015):

Complete a frase:

My oldest sister, _____ books you borrowed, is looking for you.

(A) which

(B) whom
(C) what

(D) who

(E) whose

• ANSWER (E)

QUESTION 10 - (PUC-Campinas/SP):

Complete a frase:

"Her brother's restaurant, _____is easy to find, has excellent food."

(A) that

(B) which

(C) None of the above alternatives apply

(D) what

• ANSWER (B)

QUESTION 11 - (FCC/SP):

Complete a frase:

My neighbor, ___ name is Peter, will arrive tomorrow.

(A) her

(B) whose

(C) what

(D) of whom

(E) when

• ANSWER (B)

QUESTION 12 - (FMU/SP):

Complete a frase:

"He is the man _______ sings very well."

(A) what

(B) who

(C) which

(D) whom

(E) whow

• ANSWER (B)

QUESTION 13 - (UF-São Carlos/SP):

Complete a frase:

"Go and find the driver _____ arrived here yesterday."

(A) what

(B) whom

(C) who

(D) whose

(E) he

• ANSWER (C)

QUESTION 14 - (FCC/SP):

Complete a frase:

"My sister, ____ lives in Italy, ____ Italian fluently."

(A) that – speak

(B) who – speaks

(C) what – speaks

(D) who – speak

(E) which – speak

• ANSWER (B)

QUESTION 15 - (FCC/SP):

Complete a frase:

"Érico Veríssimo is a writer ____ style I appreciate very much."

(A) who

(B) of whom

(C) of that

(D) that

(E) whose

• ANSWER (E)

QUESTION 16 - (UVA/CE):

If this is not yours, ______ is it?

(A) who.

(B) whom.

(C) whose.

(D) what.

• ANSWER (C)

QUESTION 17 - (FCC/SP):

Complete a frase:

"My uncle Harry, ____ I haven't seen for years, is coming for Christmas."

(A) whom

(B) what

(C) which

(D) whose

(E) that

• ANSWER (E)

QUESTION 18:

He is the man ____ sings very well.

(A) whom
(B) how
(C) which
(D) who
(E) what

• ANSWER (D)

5) WHAT não é pronome relativo.

QUESTION 19:

Go and find the driver ________ arrived here yesterday.
(A) he
(B) who
(C) whose
(D) what
(E) whom

• ANSWER (B)

QUESTION 20:

"The old man ______ was in the shop, and _____ you talked about is not a thief."

a) whom / who
b) who / whom
c) which / whom
d) that / which

• ANSWER (B)