Postagens
2) CLASUE(it is a group of words that contains a NOUN PHRASE and a verb)
• CLAUSE = NOUN PHRASE(subject) + PREDICATE.
• NOUN PHRASE = A noun phrase can be a single noun (or pronoun) or a group of words will act as the SUBJECT of the clause:
SINGLE NOUN
PRONOUN
ADJECTIVE + NOUN
DETERMINER + NOUN
QUANTIFIER + NOUN
• PREDICATE = A predicate is everything that is said about the subject of the clause.
- It contains an action verb or a linking verb (a linking verb describes a condition of the subject: it looks, it is).
- A verb phrase ou verb group consists of a main verb and other auxiliary verbs (including modal verbs).
3) TYPES OF CLAUSES:
• Independent Clause(or Main Clause)
- It makes sense on its own as a sentence.
- It is independent because it has a complete thought or full ideia and it makes perfect sense.
• Dependent Clause(or Subordinate Clause)
- It doesn't make sense on its own as a sentence)
4) THREE TYPES OF SUBORDINATE CLAUSE:
• Noun Clause or Nominal Clause.
- It is used as a noun.
- Noun Clauses that start with THAT;
- Noun Clauses that start with IF or WHETHER;
- Noun Clauses that start with a question-word(WHERE, WHO,HOW, WHEN, WHY).
• Adjective Clause or relative clause.
- It is used as an adjective.
- DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE.
- NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE.
- It is used as an adverb.
• Simple Sentence:(1 independent clause, 0 subordinate clause)(Perído Simples)
- It contains ONE independent clause.
- It is also known as Independent Clause.
- For example:
- I like guava juice.
- I woke up in the morning.
• Compound Sentence:(2 independent clause, 0 subordinate clause)(Período composto por coordenação)
- It contains TWO independent clause and they are linked by a coordinating conjunction(For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So)(FANBOYS).
- REMEMBER: Coordinating conjunction always preceded by a comma.
- For example:
- I woke up in the morning, and I brushed my teeth.
• Complex Sentence:(1independent clause, >1sub. clause)(Período composto por subordinação)
- It contains 1 independent clause and 1 or more subordinate clause, and they are linked by a subordinating conjunction(after, because, even though, etc) or a relative pronoun(who, which, that, etc).
- REMEMBER: A complex sentence always has a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun.
- For example:
- She brushes her teeth in the morning after waking up.
- I can't wait to meet everyone at the reunion dinner, which is tomorrow.
• Compound-Complex Sentence:(2independent clause, >1sc)
- It contains TWO independent clause and 1 or more subordinate clause.
- For example:
- I woke up in the morning and I brushed my teeth even though everyone else was sleeping.
• QUESTION 1:
She watches the movie.
(A) Simple Sentence
(B) Compound Sentence
(C) Complex Sentence
(D) Compound-Complex Sentence
- "She watches the movie." is a simple sentence.
- A simple sentence has one independent clause.
• The first type of sentence structure:(dêFôrsTáip-óv100têns-sTrókXôr)
• 1 independent clause.
- This is a sentence that has a SUBJECT(dêssêzêi100têns-déRRézêiSâbJéktch) end a PREDICATE(endêi-Prérikê).
- So the subject is just (êzDjêssê) WHO or WHAT(rru-ô-uátch) the sentence is about.
- The predicate is talking about 'what the subject does'.(dêprérikêi-êzTókénabáu-uôta'SâbJékt-Dáz)
- And the predicate is going to include the verb(êzgõin-thuinklu-dêVôrb).
- So let's look at this sentence right here(sôLétslûké'dê100têns-ráiThiôr) "She watches the movie." it is a simple sentence.
- Now let's break it down into its different parts.(ets-Díférên-Pórts) because an indepedent clause it's going to have a SUBJECT and a PREDICATE.
"She watches the movie."
- Who is the sentence about? uhmm well it's about she, so SHE is my subject.
- What does she do?(uóta-xidu) uhmm that's my predicate, she watches the movie.
- Predicate = verb + object.
- The independent clause simple sentence is going to have a subject and a predicate.
- "she" is the subject and "watches the movie" is the predicate.
- And If I want to break that further apart (en-êFáiuãnthuBrêik-dâ-Fôdôr'apór) because the predicate (bikóz'dêprédêkê) it has a verb(êrêrréz-êiVôrb), it's always going to have a verb(óuêisGõin-dêrrévaVôrb), and this case, it also has an object.(êRóusôu-RRézén-Âbjéktch).
- The entire predicate is watches the movie.
- This is a simple sentence(dês'êz-êiSímpôl100tens), it has a subject it has one predicate.
• QUESTION 2:
He plays basketball, but he doesn't play football.
(A) Simple Sentence
(B) Compound Sentence
(C) Complex Sentence
(D) Compound-Complex Sentence
- "He plays basketball, but he doesn't play football." is a compound sentence(kõmpãun100têns).
- A compound sentence has two independent clauses.
• The second type of sentence structure:(dêSSékén'Táip-óv100têns-sTrókXôr)
• 1 independent clause + 1 independent clause.
- If we're talking about a compound sentence, this is when you have 2 independent clauses.
- So it is a sentence with more than one Subject and Predicate.(uêfmôÔ-dênuã-SâbJéckt-end-Prérêkê)
- And it's going to be(ênNêtsGõéndubi) connected(kãNéktêd) by a CONJUNCTION(kõjõkxã).
- "He plays basketball, but he doesn't play football."(rriplêis-BáskêBól-barrí'Dózênt-plêi'FûtBól)
- It's a compound sentence with two(uêfthu) independent clauses.
- Let's break this down little bit for you.
- We have "He plays basketball," that is ONE independent clause, he is the subject, plays basketball is the predicate.
- We have the second independent clause "he doesn't play football", again subject and predicate.
- The conjunction that connects these sentences is the word but.(dêkõjõkxã-dékãNéks-díz100TÊNS-êsduôrd-bât)
• QUESTION 3:
Before I go to sleep, I like to read in bed.
(A) Simple Sentence
(B) Compound Sentence
(C) Complex Sentence
(D) Compound-Complex Sentence
- "Before I go to sleep, I like to read in bed." is a complex sentence(Kõmpléks100têns) and we're gonna get a little more detail.(uigãnagué-aLíromôr-ditél)
• The third type of sentence structure:(dêTôri'Táip-óv100têns-sTrókXôr)
• 1 independent clause + at least 1 dependent clause.
• at least 1 dependent clause + 1 independent clause.
- It is a sentence that it's going to have ONE independent clause and at least ONE dependent clause, it may have more than that.(êtMêi-rrévmôr-dênNé)
- But it's a sentence that's going to have ONE independent clause and at least ONE dependent clause.(ÉtLíst-uã-diPéndên-klóz).
- The dependent clause is likely going to begin with a subordinating conjunction.(uêFêi-sôBôrdNêirén'kõjõkxã).
- And you're probably thinking, what is a subordinating conjunction???(EníupróbaFênkên)
- So those are words like(sô12óuôrdsLáik): AFTER (Áftôr), BEFOR (bêfôr), WHILE(uÁiôu), WHEN(uén).
- They often come at the beginning of a dependent clause.
- "Before I go to sleep, I like to read in bed."(bêfôr-áigôrêsLíp-áiLáik-thuRírênBéd)
- "Before I go to sleep," that is a dependent clause because it is not a full sentence.
- If I just say something like "Before I go to sleep,"(êfáidjôssêi-SãmtêmLáik), you're probably thinking , what?well, I need more information.
- It is not a complete thought, it is not a full sentence.(êrêznara-kãPlít-Fó)
- BEFORE is a subordinating conjuction, it comes at the beginning of the dependent clause.
- Now "I like to read in bed." this is a full sentence, it is an independent clause, it is easy to understand, if I tell you this on its own you understand what it means.(Ãnêts'õ- iuãndôrsTên-uórêMîns)
- So when we put these together "Before I go to sleep, I like to read in bed." that is a complex sentence.(pôTízthuguédôr-Dárêz-êi-Kõmpleks100têns)
- Punctuation(põkthíuêixén), comma(cama).
- In this case, the dependent clause is first.
- The dependent clause it does not always have come first.
- It can come before the independent clause.
* dependent clause + independent clause
- It can come after the independent clause.
* independent clause + dependent clause.
• "Before I go to sleep, I like to read in bed."
(bêfôr'áigôrê'sLíp---áiLáikthuRíren'béd)
• "I like to read in bed before I go to sleep."
(áiLáikthuRíren-bédbêfôr-áigôrê'sLíp)
- What's changed?
- When the dependent clause comes first you need to separate them with a comma.
- Dependent clause COMMA independent clause.
- When the dependent clause comes after the independent clause there is no comma.
- This become important because there is a slight pause when you have that comma.
• "I like to read in bed before I go to sleep."
(áiLáikthuRíren-bédbêfôr-áigôrê'sLíp)
- Oftentimes even when we're speaking, even when we're having a conversation this uhmm this is going to affect the way that we say things.
• QUESTION 4:
You left after 10 minutes, but they you come back.
(A) Simple Sentence
(B) Compound Sentence
(C) Complex Sentence
(D) Compound-complex Sentence
- "You left after 10 minutes, but then you come back." is a Compound-complex Sentence.
- A compound-complex sentence has two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
• The fourth type of sentence structure:
• 2 independent clause + at least 1 dependent clause.
• "You left after 10 minutes, but then you come back."(iúLéft-áftôTén'Mên'néts-bátên'niu'kãmBék).
- "You left" is a independent clause because it has a subject and a predicate, it is a very short sentence but if I say this to you, you left, he left, she left, you understand what that means(uótáMíns), it is a full thought, it is a complete thought.
- "after ten minutes" is a dependent clause because often it is going to begin with that (uêta) subordinating conjunction.
- Remember: after, before, when, while, because, those are all(12ôról) subordinating conjunctions which tell us uh okay it is a dependent clause.
- "but then you come back." it is an independent clause because it has a subject and a predicate and it is a full thought, it is a complete thought.
• QUESTION 5:
After I brush my teeth, I get dressed for work.
(áfthôráiBráxi'máiThíf-áiguéDréstch-fôr'uôrk)
(A) Simple Sentence
(B) Compound Sentence
(C) Complex Sentence
(D) Compound-Complex Sentence
- This is a "complex sentence".
• QUESTION 6:
Go wash your hands, or you can't eat.
(gôu'óxi-ióRRénds-ouíkén-í)
(A) declarative sentence(dikléurêRêv-100Têns)
(B) interrogative sentence(ênnóróguêRêv-100Têns)
(C) imperative sentence(imPéurêRêv-100Têns)
(D) exclamatory sentence(ÊksKlãmaThóri-100Têns)
- It is imperative sentence because it's like a command(kãMénd), I'm giving you a command, I'm telling you to do something.
- It is also a compound sentence because I have two independent sentences and I'm combining them with that conjunction(uêtâ-kõjõkxã) "or".
Nenhum comentário:
Postar um comentário