PUC/Rio-2005 – VESTIBULAR – TODOS OS GRUPOS – LÍNGUA INGLESA – PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO – GABARITO.

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• PUC/RIO-2005-TODOS OS GRUPOS-VESTIBULAR-03/12/2004.

www.puc-rio.br/vestibular

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

➭ 10 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.

• Text (1) – | Atkins' diet side effects could hurt in the future | www.usatoday.com |

• Text (2) – | What is Literature? | English Literature |

❑ TEXTO 1:

Atkins' diet side effects could hurt in the future

1

London (AP) _ People on the popular high-fat, low-carb Atkins diet lose just as much body fat as those on low-fat diets, but the annoying low-carb side effects could mean problems down the road, according to a scientist who reviewed five dozen diet studies.

2

Danish obesity expert Dr. Arne Astrup, whose survey is published this week in The Lancet medical  journal, concludes that headaches, muscle weakness and either diarrhea or constipation are reported more often by  atkins dieters than people on conventional diets. Those side effects may be signs that the eating plan isn't healthy in the long run, he says.

3

However, other experts said the diet remains a successful option for some because the side effects aren't bad enough to throw them off the eating plan famous for its avoidance of bread, pasta and many fruits.

4

"More people stayed in the low-carb group than inthe low-fat group, so you've got to wonder how severe those side effects were if more people kept to the low-carb diet," said William Yancy, a Duke University researcher who conducted one of the major studies that Astrup reviewed.

5

The Atkins diet, which allows unlimited consumption of protein and fat but drastically limits carbohydrates and does not restrict calories, has had a following for decades. It has been embraced by an estimated 20 million people worldwide but only recently has come under serious scientific investigation.

6

Experts have suspected that the weight loss on a low-carb diet may be largely due to water loss, because lots of fluid is bound up in the body's carbohydrate stores that are depleted. However, Astrup said body composition studies indicated the weight loss is a real fat loss, not just water.

7

The most frequent complaints with low-carb diets are constipation and headache, which are readily explained by the lack of fruit, vegetables and whole grains, Astrup said. Also, bad breath, muscle cramps, diarrhea, general weakness and rashes are more often reported on low-carb diets than on low-fat diets, Astrup found. "The majority had some of these side effects in the Atkins group. In the control group, almost nothing," he said.

8

These side effects are consistent with carbohydrate deficiency, because the brain and muscle do not get enough sugar from carbohydrates to maintain their nor-mal function, Astrup said.

9

But Yancy, the U.S. researcher, said side effects were seen not just after six months but also at the beginning and could have been from dehydration, which is easily overcome.

10

"We know that it works," Yancy said. "I think it's good that people are acknowledging that this diet might be a reasonable option. At this point, we need options and when we're looking for them we need to consider even things that go against our judgment sometimes."

http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/

2004-09-03-atkins-study_x.htm

01 – (PUC/Rio-2005-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

The main purpose of Text 1 is to:

(A) suggest a very successful diet for people who need options.
(B) criticize dieters who will take up any dangerous diet to lose weight fast.
(C) introduce reasons for and against the Atkins diet by quoting two experts.
(D) analyze different eating plans and people's most frequent complaints against them.
(E) list the benefits of the Atkins diet in the short-term, despite its long-term consequences.

R E S P O S T A :   C

• Questão 1 sobre MAIN IDEA.

• DETALHE IMPORTANTE:  Depois de encontrar a ideia principal(ou que você pensa ser a ideia principal, você tem que validar essa MAIN IDEA através dos detalhes de apoio(SUPPORTING DETAILS) que são frases ou sentenças no texto que apoiam, descrevem ou explicam essa ideia.

• TOPIC: Atkins' diet.

• MAIN IDEA: apresentar VANTAGENS e DESVANTAGENS da dieta do Dr. Atkins.

• SUPPORTING DETAILS:

1) "[...] lose just as much body fat as those on low-fat diets,"(perdem tanta gordura corporal quanto aquelas com dietas de baixo teor de gordura)

2) "[...] but the annoying low-carb side effects could mean problems down the road"(mas os irritantes efeitos colaterais de baixo teor de carboidratos podem significar problemas no futuro,)

3) "[...] headaches, muscle weakness and either diarrhea or constipation are reported more often by atkins dieters than people on conventional diets."(dores de cabeça, fraqueza muscular e diarréia ou constipação são relatadas com mais frequência por pessoas que fazem dieta Atkins do que pessoas em dietas convencionais.)

4) "[...] the diet remains a successful option for some because the side effects aren't bad enough to throw them off the eating plan famous for its avoidance of bread, pasta and many fruits."(a dieta continua sendo uma opção de sucesso para alguns porque os efeitos colaterais não são ruins o suficiente para tirá-los do plano alimentar famoso por evitar pães, massas e muitas frutas.)

• The main purpose of Text 1 is to...( O principal objetivo do Texto 1 é):

(A) suggest a very successful diet for people who need options.

• sugerir uma dieta muito bem sucedida para pessoas que precisam de opções.

• "the eating plan isn't healthy in the long run" e "a very successful diet" transmitem ideias opostas ou ideias em contraste.

• SUPPORTING DETAILS:  

1)"[...] Those side effects may be signs that the eating plan isn't healthy in the long run"(Esses efeitos colaterais podem ser sinais de que o plano alimentar não seja saudável a longo prazo, diz ele.).

(B) criticize dieters who will take up any dangerous diet to lose weight fast.

• criticar as pessoas que fazem dieta, que farão qualquer dieta perigosa para perder peso rapidamente.

• DICA VALIOSA: Assertivas com o verbo TO CRITICIZE tem uma grande probabilidade de estarem erradas, porque em inglês, o verbo "to criticize" significa identificar falhas ou aspectos negativos de alguém ou de alguma coisa. 

• Normalmente, para os diversos tópicos, os autores de texto analisam, listam/apresentam os prós e contras, avaliam os pontos positivos e negativos,etc, mas RARAMENTE they criticize!.

(C) introduce reasons for and against the Atkins diet by quoting two experts.

• apresentar os prós e contras da dieta do Dr. Atkins ao citar dois especialistas.

(D) analyze different eating plans and people's most frequent complaints against them.

• analisar diferentes planos alimentares e as queixas mais frequentes das pessoas contra eles.

(E) list the benefits of the Atkins diet in the short-term, despite its long-term consequences.

• listar os benefícios da dieta Atkins em curto prazo, apesar de suas consequências em longo prazo.

02 – (PUC/Rio-2005-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

According to Dr. Astrup, the problem with the Atkins diet is that:

(A) dieters' weight loss is largely derived from water loss.
(B) its several side-effects can be harmful to people's health.
(C) its side-effects are similar to those reported on conventional diets.
(D) people have to choose between the high-fat and the low-fat groups.
(E) not many people can reduce radically the consumption of carbohydrates.

R E S P O S T A :   B

• De acordo com o Dr. Astrup, o problema com a dieta Atkins é que:

(A) dieters' weight loss is largely derived from water loss.

• a perda de peso de quem está fazendo dieta é em grande parte derivada da perda de água.

(B) its several side-effects can be harmful to people's health.
(C) its side-effects are similar to those reported on conventional diets.
(D) people have to choose between the high-fat and the low-fat groups.
(E) not many people can reduce radically the consumption of carbohydrates.

03 – (PUC/Rio-2005-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

Where in the passage does the author introduce advantages of the Atkins diet?

(A) Paragraphs 1, 2 and 3.
(B) Paragraphs 3, 4 and 5.
(C) Paragraphs 3, 6 and 7.
(D) Paragraphs 3, 8 and 9.
(E) Paragraphs 3, 6 and 10.

R E S P O S T A :  E

•

04 – (PUC/Rio-2005-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

In the text, the expression "in the long run" (line 12) means:

(A) momentarily.
(B) occasionally.
(C) permanently.
(D) for the near future.
(E) after an extended period.

R E S P O S T A :   E

•

05 – (PUC/Rio-2005-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

All the word pairs below are synonymous, EXCEPT one. Mark it.

(A) severe (line 18) - serious.
(B) unlimited (line 23) - infinite.
(C) embraced (line 26) - adopted.
(D) loss (line 30) - gain.
(E) depleted (line 32) - reduced.

R E S P O S T A :   D

•

06 – (PUC/Rio-2005-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

Check the item in which there is a correct correspondence between the idea expressed by the underlined words and the idea in italics.

(A) "However, other experts said the diet remains …" (lines13-14) - conclusion.
(B) "...so you've got to wonder how severe…" (lines 18-20) - cause.
(C) "…if more people kept to the low-carb diet" (lines 19-20) - contrast.
(D) "Also, bad breath, muscle cramps, diarrhea, ... (lines 38-41) - addition.
(E) "because the brain and muscle do not get …" (lines 45-47) - result.

R E S P O S T A :   D

• Questão que aborda o tópico "MARCADORES DISCURSIVOS que são termos utilizados para ligar orações e idéias, indicando como elas se relacionam."
* "HOWEVER"(entretanto/porém) expressa ideia de "contraste" e não de "conclusion"(conclusão),portanto o item (A) está incorreto.
* "SO(entretanto/porém) expressa ideia de "consequência" e não de "cause"(causa),portanto o item (B) está incorreto.
* "IF(se) expressa ideia de "condição" e não de "contrast"(contraste),portanto o item (C) está incorreto.
* "ALSO(Além disso) expressa ideia de "addition"(adição),portanto o item (D) está correto.
* "BECAUSE(porque) expressa ideia de "explicação/causa" e não de "result"(resultado/consequência),portanto o item (E) está incorreto.

07 – (PUC/Rio-2005-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

In the sentence, "...the annoying low-carb side-effects could mean problems…" (lines 3-4), "could" is best substituted by:

(A) ought to.
(B) must.
(C) might.
(D) should.
(E) had to.

R E S P O S T A :   C

• Questão que aborda o tópico "VERBOS MODAIS E SEU USO CONTEXTUAL ".

• A oração é:
"...the annoying low-carb side-effects could mean problems…"(os efeitos colaterais irritantes do baixo teor de carboidratos PODEM significar problemas)"
* "OUGHT TO" expressa ideia de "dever" e "could" expressa ideia de "possibilidade",logo não podem ser substituídos entre si.
* "MUST" expressa ideia de "dever" e "could" expressa ideia de "possibilidade",logo não podem ser substituídos entre si.
* "MIGHT" expressa ideia de "possibilidae" e "could" expressa também "possibilidade",logo podem ser substituídos entre si. Item (C) está CORRETO.
* "SHOULD" expressa ideia de "dever" e "could" expressa ideia de "possibilidade",logo não podem ser substituídos entre si.
* "HAD TO" expressa ideia de "dever" e "could" expressa ideia de "possibilidade",logo não podem ser substituídos entre si.

08 – (PUC/Rio-2005-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

Mark the only correct option:

(A) "Those" (line 2) refers to "low-fat diets".
(B) "Them" (line 15) refers to "side effects".
(C) "It" (line 26) refers to "consumption of protein and fat".
(D) "Which" (line 36) refers to "low-carb diets".
(E) "Which" (line 50) refers to "dehydration".

R E S P O S T A :   E

•

❑ TEXTO 2:

What is Literature?

1         

The subjects we study at school can be divided roughly into two groups _ the sciences and thearts. The sciences include mathematics, geography, chemistry, physics and so on. Among the arts are drawing, painting, modelling, needlework, drama, music, literature. The purpose of education is to fit us for life in a civilized community, and it seems to follow from the subjects we study that the two most important things in civilized life are Art and Science. 
2      

Is this really true? If we take an average day in the life of the average man we seem to see very little evidence of concern with the sciences and the arts. The average man gets up, goes to work, eats his meals, reads the newspapers, watches television, goes to the cinema, goes to bed, sleeps, wakes up, starts all over again. Unless we happen to be professional scientists, laboratory experiments and formulae have ceased to have any meaning for most of us; unless we happen to be poets or painters or musicians _ or teachers of literature, painting, and music _ the arts seem to us to be only the concern of schoolchildren. And yet people have said, and still say, that the great glories of our civilization are the scientists and artists.

From: BURGESS, Anthony. English Literature.

Longman, Hong Kong, 1993.

09 – (PUC/Rio-2005-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

This text aims at which of the following readers?

(A) College students.
(B) Newspaper readers.
(C) Schoolchildren.
(D) Poets and painters.
(E) Scientists and artists.

R E S P O S T A :   A

• Questão que aborda o tópico "IDENTIFICAÇÃO DO PÚBLICO-ALVO DO TEXTO".

* O item (A) está correto ao afirmar que o texto visa aos "estudantes universitários".
* O item (B) está incorreto ao afirmar que o texto visa aos "leitores de jornais".
* O item (C) está correto ao afirmar que o texto visa aos "crianças escolares".
* O item (D) está correto ao afirmar que o texto visa aos "poetas e pintores". 
* O item (E) está correto ao afirmar que o texto visa aos "Cientistas e artistas".

10 – (PUC/Rio-2005-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

From Text 2 we can conclude that:

(A) The average man is not capable of living in a civilized community.
(B) The subjects taught at school do not prepare us for our daily lives.
(C) Every child must be taught arts and sciences since early school days.
(D) Sciences and arts are extremely important in people's daily routines.
(E) Only schoolchildren can see the relevance of Art and Science in our society.

R E S P O S T A :   B

• Do Texto 2, podemos concluir que:

(A) The average man is not capable of living in a civilized community.

• O homem comum não é capaz de viver em uma comunidade civilizada.
(B) The subjects taught at school do not prepare us for our daily lives.

• As matérias ensinadas na escola não nos preparam para o dia a dia.

(C) Every child must be taught arts and sciences since early school days.

• Todas as crianças devem aprender artes e ciências desde os primeiros dias de escola.
(D) Sciences and arts are extremely important in people's daily routines.

• As ciências e as artes são extremamente importantes no dia a dia das pessoas.
(E) Only schoolchildren can see the relevance of Art and Science in our society.

• Apenas crianças em idade escolar podem ver a relevância da Arte e da Ciência em nossa sociedade.