UECE-2012/2 - 1ª Fase - VESTIBULAR da Universidade Estadual do Ceará - Profº Valdenor Sousa - Prova de Inglês com gabarito e questões comentadas.

Welcome back to another post!

➧NESTE POST: PROVA de INGLÊS da UECE-2012/2-1ª FASE-VESTIBULAR, Prova aplicada em 03/06/2012.

➧BANCA/ORGANIZADOR:

• COMISSÃO EXECUTIVA DO VESTIBULAR - CEV.

➧LEITURA de textos de jornais digitais, revistas, websites, é um excelente treino para a prova.

➧PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA:

• 06 Questões do tipo Multiple Choice (A,B,C,D).

➧TÓPICOS ABORDADOS ao longo da prova:

1-VERBS:

• [ = ]

2-PHRASAL VERBS - USES:

• [ = ]

3-PERFECT TENSE - USES:

• [ = ]

4-MODAL VERBS - USES:

• [ = ]

5-NOUN:

• [caveat(Káviar) = a warning, for example about the use or effectiveness of something]

* Caveat has three syllables and the stress is on that FIRST syllable.

6-ADJECTIVES:

• [ = ]

7-ADVERBS:

• [ = ]

8-ADJECTIVE PHRASES(Adjective+noun):

• [ = ]

9-IDIOMS(Expressões Idiomáticas):

• [ = ]

10-COLLOCATIONS:

• [ = ]

11-TECHNICAL ENGLISH(Military English, Business English, Finance English, Legal English, Tax English, Customs English and so on):

• [ = ]

12-CONNECTORES AND LINKERS:

• [ = ]

13-GENITIVE CASE:

• [ = ]

14-FALSE COGNATES:

• [ = ]

➧Agora vamos à PROVA!

TEXT

MORE and more retired people are heading back to the nearest classroom — as students and, in some cases, teachers — and they are finding out that school can be lovelier the second time around. Some may be thinking of second careers, but most just want to keep their minds stimulated, learn something new or catch up with a subject they were always curious about but never had time for.

For many, at least part of the motivation is based on widespread reports that exercising the brain may preserve it, forestalling mental decline and maybe even Alzheimer’s disease and other types of dementia.

Is there any truth to it? And if there is, what type of learning is best suited to the older brain?

Many studies do find that being mentally active is associated with a lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease. But the standard caveat applies: association does not prove cause and effect, and there is always the chance that the mentally active people who never got Alzheimer’s simply had healthier brains to begin with. Even, so, researchers say, there is no harm in telling people to try to stay engaged.

“When you and I are having this conversation, you’re taking notes, thinking, remembering pieces of it, trying to relate it to other things,” said Arthur Toga, a professor of neurology and director of the laboratory of neuroimaging at the University of California, Los Angeles. “You’re changing the circuitry in your brain.

That is because you have changed something in your brain to retain that memory.”

Dr. Toga elaborated: “The conversation requires nerve cells in the brain to fire, and when they fire they are using energy. More oxygen and sugar must be delivered, by increased blood flow to those regions.

“Why would that be good? If you are vasodilating, delivering more blood to certain regions of the brain, that is important. It increases the longevity and the health of those circuits. In adults, if I ask you to perform tasks you’ve never done before, the amount of brain it takes for you to try and do it is far greater than the amount of brain it takes for you to do something you’re already good at. So yes, exercising the brain is good.” Playing video games probably qualifies as a type of brain exercise, he said, though older people might not sharpen their skills as fast as

younger ones do.

Dr. Toga warned that while using the brain might help avert some of the mental slowing that normally comes with aging, it had its limits. “I do not believe that it forestalls degenerative disease, however,” he said. “That’s a different process.”

But research continues. Dr. William Jagust, a professor of public health and neuroscience at the University of California, Berkeley, said there were two main theories that tried to explain why exercising the brain might make it more resistant to disease. One is the “cognitive reserve” theory, which says that if the brain is in the best possible shape with extensive neuronal connections from being used a lot, it may be able to withstand the onset of Alzheimer’s disease for a while and symptoms may take longer to develop.

A hallmark of Alzheimer’s is deposits in the brain of an abnormal form of a protein called amyloid. “A paper we published showed that people who were more cognitively active over their whole life span had less amyloid,” Dr. Jagust said.

“My interpretation is that people who are more cognitively active have more efficient brains,” Dr. Jagust said. “What seems to happen in aging is that older people seem to have less efficient brains.” A scan of brain activity on a 20-year-old being asked to remember something will show less activity needed than in an 80-year-old asked to perform the same task.

“Older people seem to activate or bring on line brain areas that young people don’t use,” Dr. Jagust said. “They have to work their brains harder. So people who stay cognitively active may use their brains more efficiently.” That way, they may generate fewer amyloid deposits. But he emphasized that being mentally active throughout life — not just in old age — was what mattered.

Nonetheless, Dr. Jagust acknowledged, “this is all theoretical.”

It is a good idea to try something new.

“A variety of things is important,” Dr. Toga said. “We try to encourage people to do certain things because it couldn’t hurt and may be good. Retaining lots of social interaction is really important. It involves so much of the brain. You have to interpret facial expressions and understand new concepts.

[...]

One of the largest programs for retirees is at the University of Wisconsin, Green Bay (it is not associated with Osher). Called Learning in Retirement, it is sponsored by the university, with more than 1,000 members and more than 240 courses a year. Michael W. Murphy, who spent more than 30 years as an English professor, said this program had brought him some of the greatest joy he had experienced in the classroom. Since 2001, when he stepped down from his post as

acting dean at the university, he has been teaching

poetry and other subjects to Learning in Retirement members. It is an unpaid position. “I’ve always enjoyed teaching, and the idea of teaching without having to read papers, correct tests and worst of all, give out grades, was really appealing,” Dr. Murphy said.

To his delight, the students actually want to be there. They take the time to tell him how much they appreciate him and sometimes even break into applause after his lectures. The students include doctors, lawyers, professors and highschool dropouts. “The biggest problem I had teaching 18-year-olds was a kind of general apathy,” Dr. Murphy said. “They were looking forward to a career in high finance and I was trying to teach them to appreciate Tennyson. The fact that these people show up, and toddle in or waddle in, some with their walkers or wheelchairs, it’s heartwarming.”

www.nytimes.com/, March 7, 2012.

      Questão   55 

One of the conclusions reached by Dr. Jagust related to the brain was that

A) it is important to be mentally active during one´s whole life span.

B) engaging in conversation is what matters.

C) sugar increases the blood flow in the brain.

D) cell phones can harm it.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito   A 

TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:
Uma das conclusões do Dr. Jagust relacionada ao cérebro foi que
A) é importante ser mentalmente ativo durante toda a sua vida.
B) envolver-se em conversas é o que importa.
C) o açúcar aumenta o fluxo sanguíneo no cérebro.
D) telefones celulares podem prejudicá-lo.

      Questão   56 

According to the text, mental decline and some kinds of dementia may be avoided if one

A) sleeps eight hours a day.

B) walks two miles a week.

C) exercises the brain.

D) eats enough fiber.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito   C 

TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:
De acordo com o texto, o declínio mental e alguns tipos de demência podem ser evitados se
A) dormir oito horas por dia.
B) caminhar duas milhas por semana.
C) exercitar o cérebro.
D) comer fibra suficiente.

      Questão   57 

According to Dr. Jagust, the theory of “cognitive reserve” states that if the brain is in good shape with many neuronal connections from being really active, it may

A) perform actions using areas not related to certain tasks.

B) make patients recover from depression more easily.

C) help researchers to spot malfunctioning areas.

D) resist the start of Alzheimer and delay the development of its symptoms.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito   D 

TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:
Segundo o Dr. Jagust, a teoria da "reserva cognitiva" afirma que, se o cérebro está em boa forma, com muitas conexões neuronais de ser realmente ativo, pode
A) realizar ações utilizando áreas não relacionadas a determinadas tarefas.
B) faz com que os pacientes se recuperem da depressão mais facilmente.
C) ajudar os pesquisadores a identificar áreas com defeito.
D) resistir ao início do Alzheimer e retardar o desenvolvimento de seus sintomas.

      Questão   58 

According to Dr. Toga, using the brain might reduce the chances of mental slowing due to old age, but it DOES NOT

A) make it more resistant to fatigue.

B) increase longevity of brain cells.

C) alter the way nerve cells function.

D) avoid the coming of degenerative disease.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito   D 

TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:
Segundo o Dr. Toga, o uso do cérebro pode reduzir as chances de lentidão mental devido à idade avançada, mas NÃO
A) torná-lo mais resistente à fadiga.
B) aumentar a longevidade das células cerebrais.
C) alterar o funcionamento das células nervosas.
D) evitar a vinda de doença degenerativa.

      Questão   59 

The "Learning in Retirement" program of the university of Wisconsin

A) started with the teaching of poetry in poor neighborhoods.

B) gave Michael Murphy some of the greatest joy he’d experienced as a professor.

C) is the best program for retirees in the United States.

D) focuses on improving failing eyesight and weakened muscles.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito   D 

TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:
O programa "Aprendendo na aposentadoria" da universidade de Wisconsin
A) começou com o ensino de poesia em bairros pobres.
B) deu a Michael Murphy uma das maiores alegrias que ele experimentou como professor.
C) é o melhor programa para aposentados nos Estados Unidos.
D) concentra-se em melhorar a visão deficiente e os músculos enfraquecidos.

      Questão   60 

One cause of Dr. Murphy's delight is the fact that in the "Learning in Retirement" program

A) students are encouraged to learn syntax and grammar.

B) many 18-year-old students can participate.

C) students are really enthusiastic about it.

D) disabled students can appreciate Tennyson.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito   B 

TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:
Uma das causas do deleite do Dr. Murphy é o fato de que, no programa "Learning in Retirement"
A) os alunos são incentivados a aprender sintaxe e gramática.
B) muitos estudantes de 18 anos podem participar.
C) os alunos estão realmente entusiasmados com isso.
D) alunos com deficiência podem apreciar Tennyson.