Postagens
❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESCOLA NAVAL-2014/2015-LÍNGUA INGLESA.
❑ TEXTO 1: Based on the text below, answer questions 01, 02 and 03.
The War at Home: The Struggle for Veterans to Find Jobs
In today's tough and competitive job market, it can be challenging for any adult to land a decent job. Though education can definitely improve outcomes, sometimes it's not just abont the degree. Experience can also play a major role in helping people find jobs. Yet in some cases, if you do not have the right kind of experience, this may be of little help. Just ask one of the many college-educated military veterans who serve their country only to return to find a job market that will treat them as rookies.
Army veteran John Lee Dumas said he had zero anxieties about finding a job
after graduating college and had been told that his military experience would
give him a leg up on other candidates. But things did not turn out that way.
"I quickly found out that I was lumped together with recent college grads
for entry-level positions, and that an employee that had two years' experience
at a job in a similar industry was considered way more qualified than I was
despite my four years as an officer in the army", Dumas said.
When Dumas did find work, he said it was difficult to acclimate to the civilian
Office environment.
"I often found that my peers and above had a hard time dealing with my
direct approach and attitude about tackling problems head on, often asking for
forgiveness rather than permission", he said.
One issue is that veterans are too modest when it comes to stating their
accomplishments in the military.
"For some reason, I've had veterans not tell me about their awards and
honors, but it should all be listed - from commander' s coins to medals of
honor," Hurwitz said.
Navy veteran Tom Graves, who has a career in world force development helping
companies understand the benefits of hiring skilled and experienced military
veterans, agreed.
(Adapted from
http://www.onlinecollege.org)
01 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
Considering the text, which word can replace "despite" in this extract:
"[...] despite my four years of
experience [...]"?
(A) Whatever.
(B) Moreover.
(C) Wherever.
(D) In spite of.
(E) However.
02 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
According to the text, which alternative is correct?
(A) The largest obstacle for veterans to find a job is their previous
experience as military officers.
(B) Important accomplishments as a military officer do not count when applying
for a job as a civilian.
(C) It was difficult for John Lee Dumas to deal with civilians because they
never asked for permission.
(D) Things did not turn out as John Lee Dumas expected because he had a leg up
on other candidates.
(E) Veterans should value their experiences as officers when applying for a job
in the civilian market.
03 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
Considering the text, what does the word "skilled" mean in this extract?
" [...] the benefits of hiring skilled and experienced
military veterans [...] ."
(A) Strong.
(B) Loyal.
(C) Expert.
(D) Resolute.
(E) Confident.
❑ TEXTO 2: Based on the
text below, answer questions 04 and 05.
How to exercise while sitting at your Computer
Is your work stressing you out? Is your work making you fat? Of course, it is.
If you are in a relationship with your work like me (I hate the word
"workaholic") , then maybe you are also dealing with some
relationship issues like stress and weight gain. Every person who has a desk
job does not need to indulge in a tub of ice-cream after a particularly
stressful day at work to gain the pounds. In fact, the downside of being a way
too dedicated employee is that it will make you fat! The stress to perform plus
the inactivity of a desk job will definitely increase your waist size. What's
more, you will become lethargic once four hours of inactivity can seriously
send your metabolism leveis to an all-time low. If you think that a 30 minute
walk every day is enough cardio activity in a week to maintain your metabolism,
you are wrong! Yes, I was surprised too! The mathematics of this is that when
you perform any cardio activity, it elevates your metabolism rate for a span of
time, but not the entire day. Because the rest of the day you are sitting idle
on your chair without much activity, the 30 minute walk is not enough, nor is
the 1-hour intense workout. What you need to do to keep yourself from pilling
on the pounds is to keep your metabolism rate high all day long. For that, you
need to break the no physical activity routine from 9 to 5 by exercising while
sitting at your desk!
Here are simple exercises that take 5 minutes of your day and prevent you from
feeling stiff.
A) Neck: To stretch your neck, slowly flex your head forward and backward, side
to side and look right and left. This can be done almost any time to lessen
tension and strain. Never roll your head around your neck—this could cause
damage to the joints of the neck.
B) Shoulders: Roll your shoulders forward around 10 times, then backward. This
helps release the tension off your shoulders.
C) Wrists: Roll your wrists regularly, around every hour or so. Roll the wrists
10 times clockwise, then 10 times counterclockwise. This will help minimize the
potential for getting carpal tunnel syndrome if you spend a lot of time typing.
D) Ankles: Roll your ankles regularly. As with your wrists, roll the ankles in
a clockwise motion three times, then counterclockwise. This helps improve blood
circulation, and prevents that tingling feeling you can get when blood
circulation is cut off, also known as "pins and needles".
Adapted from http://www.buzzle.com and http://www.wikihow.com)
04 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
According to the text, which alternative is
correct?
(A) Stress and weight gain cause relationship issues.
(B) A regular high rate of metabolism prevents weight gain.
(C) Exercising from 9 to 5 prevents putting on weight.
(D) Inactivity elevates metabolism all the time.
(E) Lethargy is a result of waist size increase.
05 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
According to the text, which alternative is correct?
(A) To relax your shoulders, roll them. Repeat the movement no more than 10
times.
(B) Ankles and wrists should be exercised regularly, but more repetitions are
recommended to relax the ankles.
(C) To minimize carpal tunnel syndrome you should spend a lot of time typing.
(D) "Pins and needles" sensation results from poor blood circulation.
(E) Rolling your head is certain to result in problems in the neck region.
❑ TEXTO 3: Based on the text below, answer questions 06, 07 and 08.
American Students Test Well in Problem Solving, but Trail Foreign Counterparts
Fifteen-year-olds in the United States scored above the average of those in the
developed world on exams assessing problem-solving skills, but they
trailed several countries in Asia and Europe as well as Canada,
according to International standardized tests results released on Tuesday.
The American students who took the problem-solving tests in 2012, the first
time they were administered, did better on these exams than on
reading, math and Science tests, suggesting that students in the United States
are better able to apply knowledge to real-life situations than perform
straightforward academic tasks.
Still, students who took the problem-solving tests in countries including
Singapore, South Korea, Japan, several provinces of China, Canada, Australia,
Finland and Britain all outperformed American students.
"The good news is that problem solving still remains a relatively strong
suit for American students," said Bob Wise, former governor of West
Virginia and president of the Alliance for Excellent Education, a national
policy and advocacy group focused on improving high schools. "The
challenge is that a lot of other nations are now developing this and even moving
ahead. So where we used to, in an earlier era, dominate in what we called the
deeper learning skills — Creative thinking, criticai thinking and the ability
to solve problems — in terms of producing the workers that are increasingly
needed in this area, other nations are coming on strong and in some cases
surpassing us ."
The new problem-solving exams were administered to a subset of 15-year-olds in
28 countries who sat for the Program for International Student Assessment, a
set of tests every three years commonly known as PISA and given by the
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, a Paris-based group
whose members include the world's wealthiest nations. Almost 1,275 American
students took the exams.
Critics of the rankings on International tests have tended to characterize the
high performance of Asian countries in particular as demonstrating the rote
learning of facts and formulas. But the problem-solving results showed that
students in the highest-performing nations were also able to think flexibly.
Even on Interactive tasks, the American students' strength, all the Asian
countries that participated in this round of exams outperformed the
United States.
"To understand how to navigate a complex problem and exercise abstract
reasoning is actually a very strong point for the Asian countries," said
Francesco Avvisati, an analyst on the PISA team at the O.E.C.D.
(Adapted from
http://www.nytimes.com)
06 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
Considering the text, the words
"trailed" (1st paragraph) and
"outperformed" (3rd and 6th paragraphs)
mean
respectively "followed _____" and "did ____".
(A) ahead / better
(B) ahead / less
(C) behind / better
(D) behind / the same
(E) side by side / the same
07 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
Say if the statements are T (true) or F (false) and choose the best alternative.
( ) American students outscored students of developed countries in all kinds of tests.
( ) Results suggest American students are good at problem-solving tests.
( ) American students have outstanding results in problem-solving tasks and in academic subjects like reading, math and Science.
( ) American educational authorities are concerned about the performance of students from other countries.
( ) Asian students only perform better when it
comes to memorizing facts and formulas.
(A) (T) (F) (T)
(T) (F)
(B) (F) (F) (T) (T) (F)
(C) (F) (T) (F) (F) (T)
(D) (F) (T) (F) (T) (F)
(E) (T) (F) (F) (T) (T)
08 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
In the extracts:
"but they trailed several countries [...]" (1st paragraph) and
"the first time they were administered." (2nd paragraph),
he underlined pronouns refer respectively to:
(A) American
students / students from other countries.
(B) tests / American students.
(C) American students / tests.
(D) tests / students from other countries.
(E) American students / several countries.
❑ TEXTO 4: Based on the text below, answer question 09.
How New Words Are Created
Below we can find the description of five different processes that have led to
the creation of new words in the English language.
( I ) ________
Many of the new words added to the ever-growing lexicon of the English language
are just created out of the blue, and often have líttle or no etymological
pedigree. A good example is the word dog, etymologically unrelated to any other
known word, which, in the late Middle Ages, suddenly and mysteriously displaced
the Old English word hound (or hund) which had served for centuries.
( II ) ________
Some words arise simply as shortened forms of longer words (exam, gym, lab,
bus, vet, phone and burger are some obvious and well- used examples). Perhaps
less obvious is the derivation of words like goodbye (a shortening of
God-be-with-you) and hello (a shortened form of the Old English for "whole
be thou").
( III ) ________
Like many languages, English allows the formation of words by joining together
shorter words (e.g. airport, seashore, fireplace, etc.). The concatenation of
words in English may even allow for different meanings depending on the order
of combination (e.g. houseboat/boathouse, casebook/bookcase, etc) .
( IV ) _______
The drift of word meanings over time often arises, often but not always due to
catachresis. By some estimates, over half of all words adopted into English
from Latin have changed their meaning in some way over time, often drastically.
For example, smart originally meant sharp, cutting or painful; A more modern
example is the changing meaning of gay from merry to homosexual (and, in some
circles in more recent years, to stupid or bad).
( V ) ________
New words may arise due to mishearings or misrenderings. According to the
"Oxford English Dictionary", there are at least 350 words in English
dictionaries (most of them thankfully quite obscure) that owe their existence
purely to typos or other misrenderings (e.g. shamefaced from the original
shamefast, penthouse from pentice, sweetheart from sweetard, buttonhole from
button-hold, etc).
Adapted from
http://wviw.thehistoryofenglish.com/ issues_new.htmi
09 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
The following headings have been removed from the text and replaced by (I), (II), (III), (IV) and (V).
Choose the alternative
which presents them in the correct order.
1 - Change in
the Meaning of Existing Words
2 - Creation from Scratch
3 - Fusion or Compounding Existing Words
4 - Truncation or Clipping
5 - Errors
(A) (2) (4) (3)
(1) (5)
(B) (3) (4) (2) (5) (1)
(C) (4) (2) (3) (1) (5)
(D) (4) (2) (1) (3) (5)
(E) (2) (5) (3) (1) (4)
❑ TEXTO 5: Which sequence best completes the text below?
On 18 December
2008, President Lula signed the National Defense Strategy, _____ ____ a fifteen
month drafting exercise. The document was principally drafted by Minister for
Strategic Planning Roberto Mangabeira Unger, and it provides a security policy
framework that places defense in the context of the government's broader goal
of national development. In terms of _________ the relationship among the
strategic tasks of "sea denial", "sea control" and
"power projection", the Brazilian Navy will be ruled by an unequal
and joint development. If the Navy accepted _____ the same weight to all three
objectives, there would be a big risk ________ mediocre in all of them.
Although all of them deserve __________, this will happen in a certain order
and sequence.
(Adapted from http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/brazil/navy.htm)
10 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
(A)
concluding/design/provide/to being/to be developed
(B) to conclude/design/to provide /of being/to be developed
(C) to conclude/designing/providing/to be/to being developed
(D) to conclude/designing/to provide/to being/to being developed
(E) concluding/designing/to provide/of being/to be developed
11 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
What is the correct way to complete the text below?
Learning a
second language is not _______ learning a first language. It is _________.
(A) the same
like/harder
(B) the same / more hard
(C) the same as/harder
(D) the same / more harder
(E) the same as/ more hard
12 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
Which of the alternatives below contains a mistake?
(A) Be punctual.
(B) Do make an effort to be on time.
(C) Arrive in time for the dessert, then.
(D) Don't be late, will you?
(E) This time try to not be late.
❑ TEXTO 6: Which sequence best completes the text below?
On __ Monday, September 2nd __ International Olympic Committee's (IOC)
inspectors completed their fifth trip to Rio and, at __ press conference
wrapping up __ trip, gave organizers cautious approval of way things are going.
(Adapted from The Rio Times
- Weekly Online Edition, Issue LVIII)
13 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
(A) 0 / the /
0/ the / a
(B) a / 0 / the / a / the
(C) a / 0 / 0 / the / 0
(D) 0 / the / a / the / the
(E) 0 / the / 0 / 0 / the
14 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
Mark the alternative that indicates the two sentences in which the infinitive was used correctly.
I - I can't stop to talk to you right now. I'm very busy.
II - Please, remember to turn off the lights when you leave.
III - He doesrdt mind to stay home alone on Saturday nights.
IV - You must to watch this new TV series starring Will Smith.
(A) I and II
(B) I and III
(C) I and IV
(D) II and III
(E) II and IV
15 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
❑ TEXTO 7: Which alternative contains an extract from the text in the passive voice?
Discoveries of
oil off Brazil's coast were cited as justifications for increasing Brazil's
navy. While the oil finds will almost certainly increase Brazil's future
prosperity, the US sought to turn the strategic dialogue in Brazil away from
fantasies that another country — potentially the United States — would try to
seize the oil fields to a productive discussion of energy security and the
importance of maintaining freedom of the seas. The April 2008 announcement of
the reactivation of the US Fourth Fleet caught Brazil by surprise and provoked
much negative commentary. Even many Brazilians not prone to accept the
wild-eyed theories of U.S. intentions to invade the Amazon suspected that the
announcement, coming as it did on the heels of President Lula' s announcement
that Brazil had discovered more oil off the Brazilian coast, could not have
been a coincidence.
(Adapted from
http://www.globalsecurity.org)
15 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
(A) Discoveries
of oil off Brazil1s coast were cited as justifications for increasing Brazil's
navy.
(B) While the oil finds will almost certainly increase Brazil's future
prosperity [...].
(C) [„.] another country — potentially the United States - would try to seize
the oil fields.
(D) The April 2008 announcement of the reactivation of the US Fourth Fleet
caught Brazil by surprise.
(E) [...] coming as it did on the heels of President Lula's announcement could
not have been a coincidence.
16 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
Which alternative is correct?
(A) The teacher said the student do not eat in class.
(B) The teacher told the student not to eat in class.
(C) The teacher said to the student to not to eat in class.
(D) The teacher told to the student not to eat in class.
(E) The teacher told the student to do not eat in class.
❑ TEXTO 8: Which is the correct option to complete the paragraph below?
The
construction of means to control maritime areas will focus ___ the strategic
areas ___ maritime access ___ Brazil. Two Coastal areas will continue to
deserve special attention: the strip that goes ___ Santos ___ Vitória, and the
area around the mouth of the Amazon River.
(Adapted from http://www.globalsecurity.org)
17 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
(A) on / of / in
/ to / in
(B) in / of / in / from / to
(C) on / from / in / to / from
(D) on / of/to / from / to
(E) in / from / to / to / in
❑ TEXTO 9: Which question word best completes the paragraph below?
Would you like
to know ___ educational specialists are flocking to Finland? Partly, their
interest has been stimulated by how well Finnish students scored in 2001.
(Adapted from http://www.nesweek.com)
18 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
(A) why
(B) what
(C) where
(D) who
(E) how
❑ TEXTO 10: Which is the correct alternative to complete the dialogue?
John: I've never
gone horseback riding.
Sue: ______ I'd be afraid to try.
19 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
(A) I wouldn't either
(B) Neither did I
(C) So have I
(D) I haven't either
(E) Neither would I
❑ TEXTO 11:
"After she
_____ the competition, she _____ a professional dancer."
20 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
Which of the alternatives completes the sentence correctly?
(A) has
won/became
(B) won/became
(C) was winning/was becoming
(D) has been winning/has become
(E) wins/became
❑ TEXTO 12:
"If you need _______ about what to remove from your _______ to avoid problems at check in, this leaflet is for you."
21 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
Which of the alternatives completes the sentence correctly?
(A) some information /
luggage
(B) the informations / luggage
(C) information / luggages
(D) an information / luggage
(E) informations / luggages
22 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
Mark the correct sentence.
(A) What would you do if you see a bug in your food?
(B) If you'll have some time tonight you should study.
(C) When I graduate, I'll apply for a job in another country.
(D) If it will rain tomorrow, I won't go out.
(E) I'll give you a call as soon as I'll get home.
❑ TEXTO 13: What is the correct way to complete the text below?
"If you are visualizing many paradisiacal swims in clear blue waters, then
the Croatian islands are calling your name. Most of the residents of Croatian
islands have their own small boats to travei between islands and the coast -
it's ____ way to get around."
(Adapted from http://www.travelchannel.com)
23 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
(A) easy
(B) the easier
(C) easiest
(D) the easiest
(E) easier
❑ TEXTO 14: Which is the best sequence to complete the paragraph?
"Dangerous
bactéria can become resistant to antibiotics if they _____ prescribed too
often. That is why the overuse of antibiotics is harmful."
24 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
(A) won' t be
(B) are
(C) will be
(D) aren't
(E) can't be
❑ TEXTO 15: Which is the correct option to complete the paragraph below?
"China's
recent rise has made people think that everyone ________ learn Mandarin. But
China itself seems to have caught the English bug. Some 175 million Chinese are
now studying English in the formal educational system."
(Adapted and abridged from
Newsweek)
25 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
(A) ought
(B) must
(C) mustn't
(D) can't
(E) needs
❑ TEXTO 16: Which sequence best completes the text below?
"Each
naval district ____ at least one base from which it and its vessels ____ , but,
except for Aratu in the 2nd Naval District, most ____ not large. Aratu to be
the MB's number two dockyard complex outside Guanabara Bay."
(Adapted from http://www.thinkdefence.co.uk/2013/12/look--brazilian-navy/)
26 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
(A) has /
operates / is / seems
(B) has / operate / are / seems
(C) have / operate / are / seem
(D) have / are operated / are / seem
(E) have / are operating / is / seem
❑ TEXTO 17: Which of the alternatives completes the sentence correctly?
"The
population must bear in mind that ______ the UK has moved to a treatment phase
for swine flu, it is important that people all over the world continue to do
everything they can to stop the virus from spreading."
(Adapted from http://nhs.uk)
27 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
(A) although
(B) moreover
(C) in spite of
(D) however
(E) In addition to
28 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
Which of the alternatives is grammatically INCORRECT?
(A) Will you please put away your pens?
(B) Put your pens away, please.
(C) On my command, put them away.
(D) Let's put them away because we won't write anymore.
(E) I've done enough writing so I'll put away them.
❑ TEXTO 18: Choose the best reply to this statement.
- Michelle: Your
flat needs painting.
- You: I know. I _______ shortly.
29 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
(A) have it
paint
(B) have painted it
(C) have been painting it
(D) am having it painted
(E) am having painted it
30 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2014/2015)
In which alternative is the idea expressed by the modal verb INCORRECTLY stated in brackets?
(A) In China, there might be 10 million teenage internet addicts. (Possibility)
(B) It must be hard for him to work and study at the same time. (Obligation)
(C) You mustn't park here or you'll receive a fine. (Prohibition)
(D) Could you lend me your book for a week? (Request)
(E) If you're getting fat you should go on a diet. (Advice)
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