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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
• IME-VESTIBULAR-2018-LÍNGUA INGLESA.
❑ TEXTO: Para as questões de 21 a 30, escolha a alternativa que completa o texto corretamente.
A day in the life of a nuclear materials engineer
My career __01__ a planned
one in any way. At school I was athletic; I ran and played badminton to a
high standard when I was young and always thought my career would be
a sporting one __02__ I suffered an injury during my teens. The rest of my
family was academic; my father was an aerodynamic engineer and my mother a
mathematician, __03__ my sister studied geology.
At the age of 16, I
attended a Women in Science and Engineering careers week with school, just
to have a look at what was available. This helped me decide that __04 __ I
really wanted to do was an engineering degree, so I chose to do a BEng in
materials science and engineering at Liverpool University, and then went
on to do a PhD.
My PhD looked at auxetic
polymeric materials. No one __05__ of them: they get fatter as you stretch
them, __06__ is very novel, and at the time there were only a handful of
researchers in the world working on these. The PhD started my interest in
polymeric materials. Towards the end of my PhD I __07__ two research
roles, and ended up taking a job with British Nuclear Fuels Limited at the
Company Research Laboratory (CRL).
(...)
During my time at CRL I __08__
on secondment to the Sellafield site in Cumbria, which then turned into a
permanent position in the research and technology materials and
inspection group. During this time I became a chartered engineer and a
full professional member of the Institute of Materials Minerals and
Mining. I now head up one of Sellafield’s Centres of Expertise (CoE): I am
the CoE lead and subject matter expert for polymeric materials. Recently I
__09__ as a fellow of the Institute of Materials.
I definitely don't have a
'typical day'. I sometimes have a plan, but __10__ stick to it as much of
my work is responsive to situations which are transient. The range of things I
can get involved in is huge and includes specifying materials for use in
challenging environments, new plant designs and decommissioning activates.
RATHBONE, Penny. Adapted from: The Guardian. A day in the life of a nuclear materials engineer. Disponível em: https://www.theguardian.com/women-in-leadership/2016/jan/22/aday-in-the-life-of-a-nuclear-materials-engineer>.Acesso em: 22/06/2017.
❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO:
A day in the life of a nuclear materials engineer
Um dia na vida de um engenheiro de materiais nucleares
My career __21__ a planned one in any way. At school I was athletic; I ran and played badminton to a high standard when I was young and always thought my career would be a sporting one __22__ I suffered an injury during my teens. The rest of my family was academic; my father was an aerodynamic engineer and my mother a mathematician, __23__ my sister studied geology. Minha carreira não foi planejada de forma alguma. Na escola eu era atlético; Corri e joguei badminton de alto padrão quando era jovem e sempre pensei que minha carreira seria esportiva até que sofri uma lesão na adolescência. O resto da minha família era acadêmico; meu pai era engenheiro aerodinâmico e minha mãe matemática, enquanto minha irmã estudava geologia.
At the age of 16, I attended a Women in Science and Engineering careers week with school, just to have a look at what was available. This helped me decide that __24 __ I really wanted to do was an engineering degree, so I chose to do a BEng in materials science and engineering at Liverpool University, and then went on to do a PhD. Aos 16 anos, participei de uma semana de carreiras para Mulheres em Ciências e Engenharia na escola, só para dar uma olhada no que estava disponível. Isso me ajudou a decidir que o que eu realmente queria fazer era um diploma de engenharia, então escolhi fazer um bacharelado em ciência e engenharia de materiais na Universidade de Liverpool e depois fazer um doutorado.
My PhD looked at auxetic polymeric materials. No one __25__ of them: they get fatter as you stretch them, __26__ is very novel, and at the time there were only a handful of researchers in the world working on these. The PhD started my interest in polymeric materials. Towards the end of my PhD I __27__ two research roles, and ended up taking a job with British Nuclear Fuels Limited at the Company Research Laboratory (CRL). Meu doutorado analisou materiais poliméricos auxéticos. Ninguém nunca tinha ouvido falar deles: eles engordam à medida que você os estica, o que é uma novidade, e na época havia apenas um punhado de pesquisadores no mundo trabalhando nisso. O doutorado iniciou meu interesse por materiais poliméricos. No final do meu doutoramento, candidatei-me a dois cargos de investigação e acabei por arranjar um emprego na British Nuclear Fuels Limited, no Company Research Laboratory (CRL).
During my time at CRL I __28__ on secondment to the Sellafield site in Cumbria, which then turned into a permanent position in the research and technology materials and inspection group. During this time I became a chartered engineer and a full professional member of the Institute of Materials Minerals and Mining. I now head up one of Sellafield’s Centres of Expertise (CoE): I am the CoE lead and subject matter expert for polymeric materials. Recently I __29__ as a fellow of the Institute of Materials. Durante meu tempo na CRL, fui destacado para a unidade de Sellafield em Cumbria, que então se tornou um cargo permanente no grupo de pesquisa e tecnologia de materiais e inspeção. Durante esse período, tornei-me engenheiro licenciado e membro profissional titular do Instituto de Materiais, Minerais e Mineração. Agora dirijo um dos Centros de Especialização (CoE) de Sellafield: sou o líder do CoE e especialista no assunto de materiais poliméricos. Recentemente fui reconhecido como membro do Instituto de Materiais.
I definitely don't have a 'typical day'. I sometimes have a plan, but __30__ stick to it as much of my work is responsive to situations which are transient. The range of things I can get involved in is huge and includes specifying materials for use in challenging environments, new plant designs and decommissioning activates. Definitivamente não tenho um 'dia típico'. Às vezes tenho um plano, mas raramente o cumpro, pois grande parte do meu trabalho responde a situações transitórias. A gama de coisas nas quais posso me envolver é enorme e inclui a especificação de materiais para uso em ambientes desafiadores, novos projetos de plantas e atividades de descomissionamento.
21 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
(A) is going to
be
(B) won't have been
(C) has not been
(D) could have been
(E) may be
(B) won't have been não terá sido (FUTURE PERFECT)
(C) has not been não foi (PRESENT PERFECT)
(D) could have been poderia ter sido (PRESENT PERFECT MODAL)
(E) may be pode ser (SIMPLE MODAL)
22 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
(A) instead
(B) rather
(C) moreover
(D) likewise
(E) until
(B) rather
(C) moreover
(D) likewise
(E) until
23 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
(A) while
(B) unless
(C) notwithstanding
(D) partially
(E) altogether
(B) unless
(C) notwithstanding
(D) partially
24 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
(A) as
(B) if
(C) mainly
(D) inward
(E) what
25 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
(A) hasn't ever
heard
(B) ever heard
(C) had ever heard
(D) wasn't ever heard
(E) had ever been heard
26 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
(A) that
(B) when
(C) who
(D) which
(E) whose
27 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
(A) stood by
(B) reached out
(C) tried off
(D) focused on
(E) applied for
28 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
(A) sent
(B) was sent
(C) have sent
(D) have been sending
(E) am to be sent
29 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
(A) have
recognised
(B) have been recognised
(C) might have recognised
(D) had recognised
(E) was being recognised
30 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
(A) rarely
(B) endlessly
(C) daintily
(D) primarily
(E) chiefly
❑ TEXTO: Para as questões 31 a 37, responda de acordo com o texto a seguir.
HYPATIA OF ALEXANDRIA
Hypatia of Alexandria (c.
370 CE – March 415 CE) was a female philosopher and mathematician, born in
Alexandria, Egypt possibly in 370 CE (although some scholars cite
her birth as c. 350 CE). She was the daughter of the mathematician Theon,
the last Professor at the University of Alexandria, who tutored her in
math, astronomy, and the philosophy of the day which, in modern times,
would be considered science. Nothing is known of her mother and there is
little information about her life. As the historian Deakin writes, "The
most detailed accounts we have of Hypatia's life are the records of her
death. We learn more about her death from the primary sources than we do
about any other aspect of her life". She was murdered in 415 CE by a
Christian mob who attacked her on the streets of Alexandria. The
primary sources, even those Christian writers who were hostile to her and
claimed she was a witch, portray her as a woman who was widely known for
her generosity, love of learning, and expertise in teaching in the
subjects of Neo-Platonism, mathematics, science, and philosophy in general.
In a city which was
becoming increasingly diverse religiously (and had always been
so culturally) Hypatia was a close friend of the pagan prefect Orestes and
was blamed by Cyril, the Christian Archbishop of Alexandria, for keeping
Orestes from accepting the 'true faith'. She was also seen as a 'stumbling
block' to those who would have accepted the 'truth' of Christianity were
it not for her charisma, charm, and excellence in making
difficult mathematical and philosophical concepts understandable to her
students; concepts which contradicted the teachings of the relatively new
church. Alexandria was a great seat of learning in the early days of
Christianity but, as the faith grew in adherents and power, steadily
became divided by fighting among religious factions. It is by no means an
exaggeration to state that Alexandria was destroyed as a centre of culture
and learning by religious intolerance, and Hypatia has come to symbolize
this tragedy to the extent that her
death has been cited as the end of the classical world.
By all accounts, Hypatia
was an extraordinary woman __16__. Theon refused to impose upon his
daughter the traditional role assigned to women and raised her as
one would have raised a son in the Greek tradition; by teaching her his
own trade. The historian Slatkin writes, "Greek women of all classes
were occupied with the same type of work, mostly centered around the domestic needs of the family. Women cared for young
children, nursed the sick, and prepared food". Hypatia, on the other
hand, led the life of a respected academic at Alexandria's university; a
position to which, as far as the evidence suggests, only males were
entitled previously. She never married and remained celibate throughout her
life, devoting herself to learning and teaching. The ancient writers are
in agreement that she was a woman of enormous intellectual power. Deakin
writes:
"The breadth of her
interests is most impressive. Within mathematics, she wrote or lectured on
astronomy (including its observational aspects - the astrolabe), geometry (and
for its day advanced geometry at that) and algebra (again, for its time,
difficult algebra), and made an advance in computational technique - all
this as well as engaging in religious philosophy and aspiring to a good
writing style. Her writings were, as best we can judge, an outgrowth of her teaching in the technical areas of
mathematics. In effect, she was continuing a program initiated by her
father: a conscious effort to preserve and to elucidate the great
mathematical works of the Alexandrian heritage.”
CE = Common Era, the same as AD, Anno Domini.
MARK, Joshua J. Hypatia of Alexandria. In: Ancient HistoryEncyclopedia, 2017. Disponível em: <http://www.ancient.eu/Hypatia_of_Alexandria/>. Acesso em: 20/06/2017.
❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO:
HYPATIA OF ALEXANDRIA
HIPÁCIA DE ALEXANDRIA
Hypatia of Alexandria (c. 370 CE – March 415 CE) was a female philosopher and mathematician, born in Alexandria, Egypt possibly in 370 CE (although some scholars cite her birth as c. 350 CE). She was the daughter of the mathematician Theon, the last Professor at the University of Alexandria, who tutored her in math, astronomy, and the philosophy of the day which, in modern times, would be considered science. Nothing is known of her mother and there is little information about her life. As the historian Deakin writes, "The most detailed accounts we have of Hypatia's life are the records of her death. We learn more about her death from the primary sources than we do about any other aspect of her life". She was murdered in 415 CE by a Christian mob who attacked her on the streets of Alexandria. The primary sources, even those Christian writers who were hostile to her and claimed she was a witch, portray her as a woman who was widely known for her generosity, love of learning, and expertise in teaching in the subjects of Neo-Platonism, mathematics, science, and philosophy in general.
In a city which was becoming increasingly diverse religiously (and had always been so culturally) Hypatia was a close friend of the pagan prefect Orestes and was blamed by Cyril, the Christian Archbishop of Alexandria, for keeping Orestes from accepting the 'true faith'. She was also seen as a 'stumbling block' to those who would have accepted the 'truth' of Christianity were it not for her charisma, charm, and excellence in making difficult mathematical and philosophical concepts understandable to her students; concepts which contradicted the teachings of the relatively new church. Alexandria was a great seat of learning in the early days of Christianity but, as the faith grew in adherents and power, steadily became divided by fighting among religious factions. It is by no means an exaggeration to state that Alexandria was destroyed as a centre of culture and learning by religious intolerance, and Hypatia has come to symbolize this tragedy to the extent that her death has been cited as the end of the classical world. Numa cidade que se tornava cada vez mais diversificada religiosamente (e sempre o foi culturalmente), Hipátia era amiga íntima do prefeito pagão Orestes e foi culpada por Cirilo, o arcebispo cristão de Alexandria, por impedir Orestes de aceitar a "verdadeira fé". Ela também foi vista como uma 'pedra de tropeço' para aqueles que teriam aceitado a 'verdade' do Cristianismo se não fosse por seu carisma, charme e excelência em tornar conceitos matemáticos e filosóficos difíceis compreensíveis para seus alunos; conceitos que contradiziam os ensinamentos da igreja relativamente nova. Alexandria foi um grande centro de aprendizagem nos primeiros dias do Cristianismo, mas, à medida que a fé crescia em adeptos e em poder, tornou-se cada vez mais dividida por lutas entre facções religiosas. Não é de forma alguma um exagero afirmar que Alexandria foi destruída como centro de cultura e aprendizagem pela intolerância religiosa, e Hipátia passou a simbolizar esta tragédia na medida em que a sua morte foi citada como o fim do mundo clássico.
By all accounts, Hypatia was an extraordinary woman __36__. Theon refused to impose upon his daughter the traditional role assigned to women and raised her as one would have raised a son in the Greek tradition; by teaching her his own trade. The historian Slatkin writes, "Greek women of all classes were occupied with the same type of work, mostly centered around the domestic needs of the family. Women cared for young children, nursed the sick, and prepared food". Hypatia, on the other hand, led the life of a respected academic at Alexandria's university; a position to which, as far as the evidence suggests, only males were entitled previously. She never married and remained celibate throughout her life, devoting herself to learning and teaching. The ancient writers are in agreement that she was a woman of enormous intellectual power. Deakin writes: Ao que tudo indica, Hipátia era uma mulher extraordinária __36__. Theon recusou-se a impor à sua filha o papel tradicional atribuído às mulheres e criou-a como alguém teria criado um filho na tradição grega; ensinando-lhe seu próprio ofício. O historiador Slatkin escreve: "As mulheres gregas de todas as classes estavam ocupadas com o mesmo tipo de trabalho, principalmente centrado nas necessidades domésticas da família. As mulheres cuidavam de crianças pequenas, cuidavam dos doentes e preparavam comida". Hipátia, por outro lado, levou uma vida de acadêmica respeitada na universidade de Alexandria; uma posição à qual, até onde as evidências sugerem, apenas os homens tinham direito anteriormente. Ela nunca se casou e permaneceu celibatária durante toda a vida, dedicando-se ao aprendizado e ao ensino. Os escritores antigos concordam que ela era uma mulher de enorme poder intelectual. Deakin escreve:
"The breadth of her interests is most impressive. Within mathematics, she wrote or lectured on astronomy (including its observational aspects - the astrolabe), geometry (and for its day advanced geometry at that) and algebra (again, for its time, difficult algebra), and made an advance in computational technique - all this as well as engaging in religious philosophy and aspiring to a good writing style. Her writings were, as best we can judge, an outgrowth of her teaching in the technical areas of mathematics. In effect, she was continuing a program initiated by her father: a conscious effort to preserve and to elucidate the great mathematical works of the Alexandrian heritage.” "A amplitude de seus interesses é mais impressionante. Dentro da matemática, ela escreveu ou lecionou sobre astronomia (incluindo seus aspectos observacionais - o astrolábio), geometria (e, para a época, geometria avançada) e álgebra (novamente, para a época, difícil álgebra) e avançou na técnica computacional - tudo isso além de se envolver em filosofia religiosa e aspirar a um bom estilo de escrita. Seus escritos foram, pelo que podemos julgar, uma consequência de seu ensino nas áreas técnicas da matemática. Na verdade, ela estava dando continuidade a um programa iniciado por seu pai: um esforço consciente para preservar e elucidar as grandes obras matemáticas da herança Alexandrina.”
CE = Common Era, the same as AD, Anno Domini. Era Comum, igual a AD, Anno Domini.
31 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
Choose the correct option.
(A) Hypatia's
father taught her some subjects.
(B) Hypatia's father was the first philosopher at the University of Alexandria.
(C) Since Hypatia and her mother didn't live together, not much is know about
them.
(D) Hypatia died when she was about 80 years old.
(E) Hypatia and her father had different interests.
Escolha a opção correta.
(A) Hypatia's father taught her some subjects. O pai de Hipátia lhe ensinou algumas matérias.
(B) Hypatia's father was the first philosopher at the University of Alexandria. O pai de Hipácia foi o primeiro filósofo da Universidade de Alexandria.
(C) Since Hypatia and her mother didn't live together, not much is know about them. Como Hipátia e sua mãe não moravam juntas, pouco se sabe sobre elas.
(D) Hypatia died when she was about 80 years old. Hipácia morreu quando tinha cerca de 80 anos.
(E) Hypatia and her father had different interests. Hipátia e seu pai tinham interesses diferentes.
32 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
Choose the correct option.
(A) Hypatia was considered a witch because of her knowledge in math.
(B) Deakin disagreed with some sources of information.
(C) To one of the historians, there is more specific information about
Hypatia's death than about her life.
(D) All the ones who disliked Hypatia didn't make positive comments about her
character.
(E) Hypatia was cherished by a Christian throng for her love of learning.
Escolha a opção correta.
(A) Hypatia was considered a witch because of her knowledge in math. Hipátia era considerada uma bruxa por causa de seus conhecimentos de matemática.
(B) Deakin disagreed with some sources of information. Deakin discordou de algumas fontes de informação.
(C) To one of the historians, there is more specific information about Hypatia's death than about her life. Para um dos historiadores, há informações mais específicas sobre a morte de Hipátia do que sobre sua vida.
(D) All the ones who disliked Hypatia didn't make positive comments about her character. Todos os que não gostaram de Hipátia não fizeram comentários positivos sobre sua personagem.
33 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
Choose the correct option.
(A) Never had so many diverse cultural groups been observed in Alexandria at
the same time.
(B) In Cyril's opinion, if it were not for Hypatia, Orestes would have accepted
the real religion.
(C) Orestes thought Hypatia favoured Cyril in some aspects, and she was blamed
for that.
(D) The number of different religions was decreasing at that time in
Alexandria.
(E) Alexandria's culture and learning was built from religious precept.
Escolha a opção correta.
(A) Never had so many diverse cultural groups been observed in Alexandria at the same time. Nunca tantos grupos culturais diversos foram observados em Alexandria ao mesmo tempo.
(B) In Cyril's opinion, if it were not for Hypatia, Orestes would have accepted the real religion. Na opinião de Cirilo, se não fosse por Hipátia, Orestes teria aceitado a verdadeira religião.
C) Orestes thought Hypatia favoured Cyril in some aspects, and she was blamed for that. Orestes achava que Hipácia favorecia Cirilo em alguns aspectos, e ela foi culpada por isso.
(D) The number of different religions was decreasing at that time in Alexandria. O número de religiões diferentes estava diminuindo naquela época em Alexandria.
(E) Alexandria's culture and learning was built from religious precept. A cultura e o aprendizado de Alexandria foram construídos a partir de preceitos religiosos.
34 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
Choose the correct option.
(A) Hypatia did not marry so she could study; consequently, she followed the
role model of the time.
(B) Although Hypatia remained celibate, her father had been doubtful she would
ever do so because of the activities society expected her to perform.
(C) Professions were chosen according to the social class a woman occupied,
centered around family tradition and faith.
(D) Not many gaps have to be filled about Hypatia's academic life now; we know
almost everything because she continued her father's work.
(E) Some people didn't seem to understand science regardless of religion, and
this might explain why scientific concepts were seen as an obstacle.
Escolha a opção correta.
(A) Hypatia did not marry so she could study; consequently, she followed the role model of the time. Hipátia não se casou para poder estudar; conseqüentemente, ela seguiu o modelo da época.
(B) Although Hypatia remained celibate, her father had been doubtful she would ever do so because of the activities society expected her to perform. Embora Hipácia permanecesse celibatária, seu pai duvidava que ela o fizesse por causa das atividades que a sociedade esperava que ela realizasse.
(C) Professions were chosen according to the social class a woman occupied, centered around family tradition and faith. As profissões eram escolhidas de acordo com a classe social ocupada pela mulher, centrada na tradição familiar e na fé.
(D) Not many gaps have to be filled about Hypatia's academic life now; we know almost everything because she continued her father's work. Não há muitas lacunas a serem preenchidas na vida acadêmica de Hipátia agora; sabemos quase tudo porque ela deu continuidade ao trabalho do pai.
(E) Some people didn't seem to understand science regardless of religion, and this might explain why scientific concepts were seen as an obstacle. Algumas pessoas pareciam não compreender a ciência, independentemente da religião, e isto pode explicar porque os conceitos científicos eram vistos como um obstáculo.
35 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
Choose a synonym for the expression to the extent that in the sentence
"(…) Hypatia has come to symbolize this tragedy to the extent that her death has been cited as the end of the classical world."
in lines 24 and 25.
(A) as well as
(B) in contempt of
(C) by easy stages
(D) for the record that
(E) to the degree that
36 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
Choose the appropriate continuation for the sentence
"By all accounts, Hypatia was an extraordinary woman _______."
in line 26.
(A) since she
was assigned a profession different from her father's.
(B) not only for her time, but for any time.
(C) as she lived for the Gods.
(D) devoted to teaching, which was a common activitiy for women at that time.
(E) of slight intellectual power.
37 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
Choose the correct meaning of outgrowth in the sentence
"Her writings were, as best we can judge, an outgrowth of her teaching (…)"
in lines 40 and 41.
(A) reason
(B) rebuttal
(C) motivation
(D) result
(E) concession
❑ TEXTO: Para as questões 18 a 20, responda de acordo com o texto a seguir.
Could this caterpillar help solve the world's plastic bag problem?
A developmental
biologist and amateur beekeeper has come up with a new way to get rid of
used plastic bags: Make waxworms eat them. The larvae of the greater wax moth
(Galleria mellonella), these caterpillars thrive on beeswax. While
cleaning out empty hive boxes that were infested with these caterpillars,
Federica Bertocchini of the Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of
Cantabria in Spain put them in a plastic grocery bag. To her surprise
the waxworms quickly ate their way out, leaving the bag riddled with
holes. It turns out the caterpillars can break down the bag's polyethylene
into ethylene glycol, which can be readily converted into useful
substances such as antifreeze, the team reports today in Current Biology.
Polyethylene is very hard to break down making the 80 million tons produced a
year a big recycling challenge. Only recently have researchers begun to
make progress doing so, and this caterpillar may be another solution.
PENNISI, Elizabeth. Adapted from: Science. Could this caterpillar help solve the world’s plastic bag problem? In: Science, 2017. Disponível em:<http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/04/could-caterpillar-help-solve-world-s-plastic-bagproblem.>.Acesso em: 26/06/2017.
❑ TEXTO:
Could this caterpillar help solve the world's plastic bag problem?
Esta lagarta poderia ajudar a resolver o problema mundial das sacolas plásticas?
A developmental biologist and amateur beekeeper has come up with a new way to get rid of used plastic bags: Make waxworms eat them. The larvae of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella), these caterpillars thrive on beeswax. While cleaning out empty hive boxes that were infested with these caterpillars, Federica Bertocchini of the Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria in Spain put them in a plastic grocery bag. Um biólogo do desenvolvimento e apicultor amador descobriu uma nova maneira de se livrar dos sacos plásticos usados: fazer com que os vermes os comam. Larvas da mariposa-cera maior (Galleria mellonella), essas lagartas prosperam com cera de abelha. Enquanto limpava as caixas vazias das colmeias infestadas com essas lagartas, Federica Bertocchini, do Instituto de Biomedicina e Biotecnologia da Cantábria, na Espanha, colocou-as em uma sacola plástica de supermercado.
To her surprise the waxworms quickly ate their way out, leaving the bag riddled with holes. Para sua surpresa, os vermes rapidamente saíram, deixando o saco cheio de buracos.
It turns out the caterpillars can break down the bag's polyethylene into ethylene glycol, which can be readily converted into useful substances such as antifreeze, the team reports today in Current Biology. Acontece que as lagartas podem quebrar o polietileno do saco em etilenoglicol, que pode ser facilmente convertido em substâncias úteis, como anticongelante, relata a equipe hoje na Current Biology.
Polyethylene is very hard to break down making the 80 million tons produced a year a big recycling challenge. O polietileno é muito difícil de decompor, o que torna os 80 milhões de toneladas produzidas por ano um grande desafio de reciclagem.
Only recently have researchers begun to make progress doing so, and this caterpillar may be another solution. Só recentemente os investigadores começaram a fazer progressos nesse sentido, e esta lagarta pode ser outra solução.
38 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
Choose the correct option.
(A) A scientist discovered by chance that waxworms might help eliminate
plastic.
(B) The beginning biologist is a neophyte in raising honeybees in Cantabria.
(C) If the woman hadn't cleaned the boxes, the larvae wouldn't have become
moths.
(D) Federica's discovery has to do with previous scientific research.
(E) The biologist's experience led her use the larvae in the hive.
Escolha a opção correta.
(A) A scientist discovered by chance that waxworms might help eliminate plastic. Um cientista descobriu por acaso que os vermes podem ajudar a eliminar o plástico.
(B) The beginning biologist is a neophyte in raising honeybees in Cantabria. O biólogo iniciante é um neófito na criação de abelhas na Cantábria.
(C) If the woman hadn't cleaned the boxes, the larvae wouldn't have become moths. Se a mulher não tivesse limpado as caixas, as larvas não teriam virado mariposas.
(D) Federica's discovery has to do with previous scientific research. A descoberta de Federica tem a ver com pesquisas científicas anteriores.
39 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
Choose the correct option.
(A) Waxworms needed help so they could leave the plastic bag.
(B) The larvae used wax to leave the bag.
(C) The consumptiom of wax by the worms produced holes.
(D) The waxworms ate plastic thus creating holes.
(E) Larvae help develop beeswax, and this leads to plastic bag decomposition.
Escolha a opção correta.
(A) Waxworms needed help so they could leave the plastic bag. As minhocas precisavam de ajuda para poderem deixar o saco plástico.
(B) The larvae used wax to leave the bag. As larvas usaram cera para sair do saco.
(C) The consumptiom of wax by the worms produced holes. O consumo de cera pelas minhocas produzia buracos.
(D) The waxworms ate plastic thus creating holes. Os vermes comeram plástico criando buracos.
40 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
Choose the correct option.
(A) Caterpillars seem to transform plastic into another substance, so they drew
people's attention.
(B) Worms can produce polyethylene out of plastic and make it react with the atmosphere
before eating.
(C) Ethylene glycol can be transformed into a substance that worms use later
on.
(D) Waxworms produce antifreeze as a result of cleaning empty hive boxes.
(E) Ethylene glycol is important for the worm's warmth maintenance.
Escolha a opção correta.
(A) Caterpillars seem to transform plastic into another substance, so they drew people's attention. As lagartas parecem transformar o plástico em outra substância, por isso chamaram a atenção das pessoas.
(B) Worms can produce polyethylene out of plastic and make it react with the atmosphere before eating. Os vermes podem produzir polietileno a partir do plástico e fazê-lo reagir com a atmosfera antes de comer.
(C) Ethylene glycol can be transformed into a substance that worms use later on. O etilenoglicol pode ser transformado em uma substância que os vermes utilizam posteriormente.
(D) Waxworms produce antifreeze as a result of cleaning empty hive boxes. Waxworms produzem anticongelante como resultado da limpeza de caixas de colmeias vazias.