CESGRANRIO-BNDES-2009-Concurso Público para Profissional Básico do BNDES(Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social) - Profº Valdenor Sousa - Prova de INGLÊS com gabarito e questões comentadas.

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Hey, what's up my friends!!!...How have you been?! Welcome back to another post!

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Neste post, veremos a Prova de INGLÊS-CESGRANRIO-2009 do BNDES(Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social)-Cargo:Profissional Básico-Prova aplicada em 21/11/2009.

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LEITURA de textos de jornais,revistas, websites, blogs e cartoons a seguir, é um excelente treino para a prova OBJETIVA de inglês com 10 questões.

➦www.theguardian.com
➦www.nytimes.com
➦www.sciencenews.org
➦www.psychologytoday.com
➦www.economist.com

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[a]Banca Organizadora do Concurso Público 

www.cesgranrio.org.br

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[b]Padrão/Composição da prova 

➦01 Texto.
➦10 Questões(múltiplas escolhas com 05 alternativas cada)
➦Reading Comprehension(Compreensão textual).

➦Use of english(uso do inglês).

👉  Fonte   The Economist, Oct 6th 2009 (www.economist.com) 
[c]Dicionários sugestivos

Caso necessário, sugiro que consulte um dos 04(três) excelentes dicionários a seguir:

http://www.merriam-webster.com
http://www.collinsdictionary.com/
http://www.macmillandictionary.com/
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/
[d]VOCABULÁRIO:

🔄Verbos
[to "]

🔄Phrasal Verbs:

[]
🔄Expressões verbais com o TO BE(simple present/simple past/simple future/ be going to/present continuous/past continuous/future continuous):

["]
🔄Expressões verbais no PERFECT TENSE(present perfect/past perfect/present perfect continuous/past perfect continuous):
["]
🔄Expressões com os 10 modais(can/could/may/might/must/ought to/should/would/will/shall):
["]
🔄Expressões com 30 verbos que transmitem ideia que ALGO CAIU, DESPENCOU, DECLINOU, REDUZIU, ENFRAQUECEU, AFOGOU (fall/flop/faint/drop/droop/down/ decrease/decline/diminish/dwindle/dip/dive/duck/ease/ebb/gasp/lower/mitigate/ plunge/sag/slash/slump/split/shrink/sink/stoop/stumble/wane/weaken/wilt):
["]
🔄Expressões com 25 verbos que transmitem ideia que algo SUBIU,ELEVOU, AUMENTOU, MELHOROU,REAGIU,ABASTECEU,AMPLIOU,(arise,better,boom, boost, broaden, clim, flood, fuel,further,grow,improve,increase,jump,lift,raise,rally,rise, skyrocket, soar, strenghten, surface,surpass,trigger, up, upgrade,widen):
["]
🔄Expressões com 10 verbos que transmitem ideia que ALGO MUDOU, TROCOU, PERMUTOU, TRANSFORMOU,ALTEROU,REFORMOU, SUBSTITUIU, CONVERTEU, ESCAMBOU, MODIFICOU(amend,barter,change,convert, exchange,replace,swap,switch,swop,vary):
["]
🔄Expressões com 20 verbos que transmitem ideia de COMBATE, DISPUTA, LUTA, GUERRA, COLISÃO, ATINGIR, ESPANCAR, SOCAR, BATER(bash,battle,beat, brawl, clash,cuff, fight ,grapple,hit,knock,punch,quarrel,slap,apank,apar, strike, tackle ,tussle,whack,wrestle):
["]  
🔄Expressões com verbos com ING:

["]

🔄Expressões com VERBOS EM GERAL:
["]
["]

🔄Substantivos(NOUNS):
["]

🔄Adjetivos/Locuções adjetivas:

[]
🔄Expressões com 30 adjetivos que transmitem ideia que ALGO/ALGUÉM ESTÁ EM SITUAÇÃO RUIM/PARA BAIXO/DIFÍCIL (annoying, awful,boring,dim,dire, downward ,dreadful,dull,fearsome,frightful,gloomy,grim,hard,idle,irksome,maddening,misty,murky,nagging,wane,outrageous,pesky,shadowy,sluggish,thankless,thorny,tiresome,troublesome,worrisome,wearisome):
["]

🔄Advérbios/Locução adverbial:

["]

🔄Conectores/Marcadores de discurso:
["]
🔄Expressões comuns naturais:

["]
🔄Expressões idiomáticas:
["]
🔄Expressões ADJETIVO+SUBSTANTIVO:
["]
🔄 Extruturas típicas :
[emergence(iMôrdjêns)/appearence(aPíurêns)(aparecimento)/advent(édvent)(advento)/onset(Ãnsét)(início)  of democracy="surgimento da democracia"]
🔄Expressões com 'S (Genitive case=proprietário 'S propriedade):
["]
🔄Expressões com frações/números:
["]
🔄 Técnicas de SUMMARY:
[The text intends show...="O texto pretende mostrar"]
[The author claims that...="O autor afirma que"]

🔄Falso cognato:

["]
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Agora, vamos à prova.
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TEXTO

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The difference between saying what you mean and meaning what you say is obvious to most people. To computers, however, it is trickier. Yet getting them to assess intelligently what people mean from what they say would be useful to companies seeking to identify unhappy customers and intelligence agencies seeking to identify dangerous individuals from comments they post online.
            
Computers are often inept at understanding the meaning of a word because that meaning depends on the context in which the word is used. For example, “killing” is bad and “bacteria” are bad but “killing bacteria” is often good (unless, that is, someone is talking about the healthy bacteria present in live yogurt, in which case, it would be bad).
           
An attempt to enable computers to assess the emotional meaning of text is being led by Stephen Pulman of the University of Oxford and Karo Moilanen, one of his doctoral students. It uses so-called “sentiment analysis” software to assess text. The pair have developed a classification system that analyses the grammatical structure of a piece of text and assigns emotional labels to the words it contains, by looking them up in a 57,000word “sentiment lexicon” compiled by people. These labels can be positive, negative or neutral. Words such as “never”, “failed” and “prevent” are tagged as “changing” or “reversive” words because they reverse the sentiment of the word they precede.
            
The analysis is then broken into steps that progressively take into account larger and larger grammatical chunks, updating the sentiment score of each entity as it goes. The grammatical rules determine the effect of one chunk of text on another. The simplest rule is that positive and negative sentiments both overwhelm neutral ones. More complex syntactic rules govern seemingly conflicting cases such as “holiday hell” or “abuse helpline” that make sense to people but can confuse computers.
            
By applying and analysing emotional labels, the software can construct sentiment scores for the concepts mentioned in the text, as a combination of positive, negative and neutral results. For example, in the sentence, “The region’s largest economies were still mired in recession,” the parsing software finds four of the words in the sentiment lexicon: largest (positive, neutral or negative); economies (positive or neutral); mired (negative); and recession (negative). It then analyses the sentence structure, starting with “economies” and progressing to “largest economies”,“region’s largest economies” and “the region’s largest economies”. At each stage, it computes the changing sentiment of the sentence. It then does the same for the second half of the sentence.
            
Instead of simply adding up the number of positive and negative mentions for each concept, the software applies a weighting to each one. For example, short pieces of text such as “region” are given less weight than longer ones such as “the region’s largest economies”. Once the parser has reassembled the original text (“the region’s largest economies were still mired in recession”) it can correctly identify the sentence as having a mainly negative meaning with respect to the concept of “economies”.
           
As well as companies seeking to better understand their customer, intelligence agencies are also becoming interested in the sentiment analysis. But the software can only supplement human judgment - because people don’t always mean what they say.

Oct 6th 2009 from Economist.com

http://www.economist.com/sciencetechnology/tm/ displayStory.cfm?story_id=14582575&source=hptextfeature

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👉 Questão  21 :
The best title for this text is
(A) Killing Bacteria Can Be Bad.
(B) The Wrong Emotional Response.
(C) Software Reveals Emotions in Text.
(D) Computerized Emotional Analysis Fails.
(E) New Computer Software Frauds Text Analysis.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
O melhor título para este texto é ...
*Item (A) ERRADO: Matar Bactérias pode ser ruim.
*Item (B) ERRADO: A resposta emocional errada.
*Item (C) CERTO: Software revela emoções no texto.
*Item (D) ERRADO: Análise emocional computadorizada falha.
*Item (D) ERRADO: Novo software de Computador frauda análise de texto.
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👉 Questão  22 :
According to the text, the software developed by Pulman and Moilanen
(A) should be widely tested before being commercially used.
(B) is now able to precisely interpret what people mean from what they say.
(C) might be considered risky if used to analyse dangerous individuals.
(D) can classify all English words into grammatical categories.
(E) can be particularly relevant for companies and intelligence agencies.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
De acordo com o texto, o software desenvolvido por Pulman e Moilanen... 
*Item (A) ERRADO: deve ser amplamente testado antes de ser comercialmente utilizado.
*Item (B) ERRADO: agora é capaz de interpretar com precisão o que as pessoas querem dizer do que dizem.
*Item (C) ERRADO: pode ser considerado arriscado se usado para analisar indivíduos perigosos.
*Item (D) ERRADO: pode classificar todas as palavras inglesas em categorias gramaticais.
*Item (D) CERTO: pode ser particularmente relevante para empresas e agências de inteligência.
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👉 Questão  23 :
Which of the following statements is NOT true about how the software processes emotional analysis?
(A) Words receive positive, negative or neutral labels.
(B) Words with reversed sentiments are excluded.
(C) The words are always seen in context.
(D) The grammatical structure of each segment is analysed.
(E) A list of nearly sixty thousand words is consulted.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
*Qual das seguintes afirmações NÃO é verdadeira sobre como o software processa a análise emocional?
*Item (A): As palavras recebem etiquetas positivas, negativas ou neutras.
*Item (B) NÃO É VERDADEIRO: As palavras com sentimentos invertidos são excluídas.
*Item (C): As palavras são sempre vistas em contexto.
*Item (D): A estrutura gramatical de cada segmento é analisada.
*Item (D): Uma lista de quase sessenta mil palavras é consultada.
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👉 Questão  24 :
“holiday hell” and “abuse helpline” (lines 36-37) are quoted in the text to illustrate cases in which the computers will
(A) readily identify the clear meaning of such phrases.
(B) easily deduce the writer’s primary negative feelings.
(C) doubt people’s capacity of expressing their feelings intelligently.
(D) have difficulty in understanding the writer’s original emotional meaning.
(E) be able to immediately interpret the text’s underlying sarcastic intentions.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
*
*Item (A) ERRADO:.
*Item (B) ERRADO:.
*Item (C) ERRADO:.
*Item (D) CERTO:.
*Item (D) ERRADO:.
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👉 Questão  25 :
Check the option that contains a correct correspondence of meaning.
(A) “...seeking...” (line 5) and ‘refusing’  have similar meanings.
(B) “...inept...” (line 9) and ‘skillful’ express contrastive ideas.
(C) “...assigns...” (line 22) could not be replaced by ‘attributes’.
(D) “...tagged...” (line 26) and ‘labelled’ are antonymous.
(E) “...reassembled...” (line 59) and ‘split up’ are synonymous.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
*
*Item (A) ERRADO:.
*Item (B) CERTO:.
*Item (C) ERRADO:.
*Item (D) ERRADO:.
*Item (D) ERRADO:.
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👉 Questão  26 :
Mark the alternative that contains an expression that is a correct replacement for the boldfaced item(s).
(A) “Yet getting them to assess intelligently what people mean from what they say…” (lines 3-5) – For that reason
(B) “(unless, that is, someone is talking about the healthy bacteria …)” (lines 13-14) – nevertheless
(C) “Words such as ‘never’, ‘failed’, and ‘prevent’ are tagged as ‘changing’ or ‘reversive’ words…” (lines 25-27) – Inasmuch as
(D) “...because they reverse the sentiment of the word they precede.” (lines 27-28) – Since
(E) “Instead of simply adding up the number of positive and negative mentions for each concept,” (lines 54-55) – While
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
*
*Item (A) ERRADO:.
*Item (B) ERRADO:.
*Item (C) ERRADO:.
*Item (D) CERTO:.
*Item (D) ERRADO:.
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👉 Questão  27 :
The only fragment in which ‘it’ refers to “software” is
(A) “To computers, however, it is trickier.” (lines 2-3)
(B) “it would be bad.” (line 15)
(C) “It uses so-called ‘sentiment analysis’ software to assess text.” (lines 19-20)
(D) “…assigns emotional labels to the words it contains,” (lines 22-23).
(E) “At each stage, it computes the changing sentiment of the sentence.” (lines 51-52)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
*
*Item (A) ERRADO:.
*Item (B) ERRADO:.
*Item (C) ERRADO:.
*Item (D) ERRADO:.
*Item (D) CERTO:.
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👉 Questão  28 :
In the example given in paragraphs 5 and 6 (lines 39-63), the author explains that the
(A) emotional meanings are attributed to words in isolation and not to the sentence structure.
(B) emotional scores of each word may change according to the topic discussed in the text.
(C) length of segments and emotional tags of each word are considered in scoring emotional concepts. (D) word ‘recession’ is not analyzed because it is hard to identify its emotional meaning.
(E) mere arithmetic sum of the scores indicated for each word will reveal the emotional content of the text analysed. 
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
*
*Item (A) ERRADO:.
*Item (B) ERRADO:.
*Item (C) CERTO:.
*Item (D) ERRADO:.
*Item (D) ERRADO:.
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👉 Questão  29 :
Check the alternative in which the expression is precisely explained, according to its meaning in the text.
(A) “...‘killing’ (...) ‘bacteria’...” (line 12) – bacteria that can kill
(B) “...the emotional meaning of text...” (lines 16-17) – the meaning of a sentimental text
(C) “...complex syntactic rules...” (line 35) – difficult language regulations
(D) “...seemingly conflicting cases...” (line 36) – cases that are apparently doubtful
(E) “...(‘the region’s largest economies...’ ” (line 60) – economies of highly populated regions
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
*
*Item (A) ERRADO:.
*Item (B) ERRADO:.
*Item (C) ERRADO:.
*Item (D) CERTO:.
*Item (D) ERRADO:.
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👉 Questão  30 :
From the fragment “But the software can only supplement human judgement - because people don’t always mean what they say.” (lines 66-68), we may infer that the author
(A) does not believe the software can be totally trusted.
(B) complains that human judgement is never fair enough.
(C) pressuposes that computer sentiment analysis is fully reliable.
(D) rejects human analysis of feelings and supports technological sentiment analysis.
(E) criticizes companies that intend to use the new software to analyse potentially dangerous clients. 
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
*
*Item (A) CERTO:.
*Item (B) ERRADO:.
*Item (C) ERRADO:.
*Item (D) ERRADO:.
*Item (D) ERRADO:.