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➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: FGV-2013-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR 2ºSEMESTRE, aplicação em 09/06/2013.
➧ BANCA/ORGANIZADOR: FGV-EBAPE-Escola Brasileira de ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA E DE EMPRESAS.
➧ PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA: 15 questões do tipo múltipla escolha (A,B,C,D,E).
➧ GABARITO:
01-D, 02-C, 03-D, 04-A, 05-E
06-B, 07-C, 08-E, 09-D, 10-A
11-B, 12-A, 13-C, 14-E, 15-B
➧ VOCABULÁRIO:
➧ TEXTO I:
Timbuktu
By Blake Gopnik
From the moment the followers of Muhammad came roaring out of Arabia, in A.D. 633, they’ve
cherished beautiful things. An exhibition that just closed at the Metropolitan Museum in New York
showed how the first Muslims were inspired by glorious works from the Greek-speaking world, and their
descendants never stopped being art-friendly.
That’s why it has been such a shock to see the artistic heritage of Timbuktu, one of the great seats of Africa’s Islamic culture, fall prey to Muslim puritans. As recently as July 10, members of a group called Ansar Dine, which has been linked to al Qaeda, stormed the 14th-century Djingareyber mosque and destroyed two ancient shrines they found there, according to Reuters and Agence France-Presse. In late March, in the chaos of Mali’s civil war, a small number of these fighters gained control of the city and have since been attacking its heritage. At the start of July, we got word of several shrines they had destroyed. They had also broken open a sealed door on the 15th-century Sidi Yahya mosque, which local tradition says ought to stay closed until Judgment Day. “Building on graves is contrary to Islam. We are destroying the mausoleums because it is ordained by our religion,” Ansar Dine has insisted, claiming that local followers of the Sufi strain of Islam are guilty of idolatry each time they visit the tombs of their movement’s sages.
But Shamil Jeppie, director of the Tombouctou Manuscripts Project at the University of Cape Town, rejects the idea that this is about the kind of consistent ideology found in other groups we call Islamist. “These guys, you can’t give them such credit,” says Jeppie. “It’s just hooliganism.” He says the locals had been resisting the fighters’ authority, and he feels that the attacks on the shrines are a form of punishment. (Jeppie also reports that, so far, Timbuktu’s great collections of Islamic manuscripts, which he studies, seem not to have been threatened.) The puritanical religious views that Ansar Dine claims to espouse, Jeppie says, derive from the relatively recent Wahhabi movement, “born in Arabia in the 18th century,” and have been taught to today’s fighters by patrons from Saudi Arabia.
Ansar Dine claims that its attacks on the shrines reflect the pure form of Islam practiced by Muhammad’s first followers, but Jeppie and other experts, both Western and Muslim, say that misinterprets the historical evidence. There was always debate about showy entombment in shrines and mosques, but the practice was established from early on and has never been definitively rejected in Islamic law. “All you have to do is look at the Taj Mahal,” says Sheila Canby, head of the Metropolitan’s Islamic department, to see that “the attitude toward tombs has varied.” She calls Ansar Dine’s violent rejection “a very, very extreme view.”
Even with the most recent destruction, however, the particular artistic culture of Mali gives a glimmer of hope. Thomas Schuler, chair of the Disaster Relief Task Force of the International Council of Museums, has been denouncing the damage. But he points out that locals have a more flexible view of their shrines’ destruction. “The people in Timbuktu say, ‘Let them destroy them. We will rebuild them.’ That’s why people don’t defend [the shrines] to the death.” Art historians have started to talk about this as a “substitution” principle, found in many cultures, whereby something new can stand in for something old that has been lost. It’s not always the physical substance of an artwork that matters, but its shape or location and the traditions those point to. (Timbuktu’s shrines are made of mud brick and so have always required rebuilding.)
Adapted from Newsweek, July 23 & 30, 2012
Which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?
(A) Only a small percentage of Muslims understand or appreciate great art.
(B) Contrary to what some people believe, art is forbidden by the Koran.
(C) Contemporary art in Muslim countries still borrows heavily from ancient Greek art.
(D) Despite the beliefs of some Muslim extremists, art has always been a valued part of Islamic culture.
(E) Art is permitted in the Islamic world only if it serves a religious purpose.
02 – (FGV-2013-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
(A) A group of masked gunmen executed Muslim pilgrims in Timbuktu’s Ansar Dine mosque.
(B) A radical Muslim named Ansar Dine decreed that certain Islamic monuments in Timbuktu had to be destroyed.
(C) A radical Muslim group entered an ancient mosque in Timbuktu and wrecked a couple of religious artifacts.
(D) A fight between al Qaeda and Ansar Dine resulted in the destruction of a mosque in Timbuktu.
(E) After a destructive battle, Mali’s government expelled a radical Muslim group from Timbuktu.
03 – (FGV-2013-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
(A) They were the main factor that caused Mali’s civil war.
(B) Though they have launched many destructive attacks, they have not succeeded in conquering Timbuktu.
(C) Because they are Muslims, their religion requires that they protect all Muslim shrines.
(D) They have declared that their religion prohibits certain kinds of structures.
(E) Their leader believes that members of the Sufi sect should be expelled from the Muslim religion.
04 – (FGV-2013-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
(A) The Muslim puritans in Timbuktu should not be considered members of a serious, coherent religious organization.
(B) Muslims that destroy religious shrines should not receive financial support from international Islamic organizations.
(C) Unless they can form an alliance with the local inhabitants of Timbuktu, Muslim puritan groups will never gain control of that city.
(D) It is wrong to accuse local radicals of destroying Timbuktu’s Islamic shrines.
(E) The damage that Muslim puritans have done in Timbuktu is not as serious as many people believe.
05 – (FGV-2013-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
(A) The destruction of the shrines in Timbuktu was motivated by unquestionable principles of pure, well-founded religious idealism.
(B) As a punishment, some local inhabitants of Timbuktu have been forced to take part in destroying Islamic shrines.
(C) If the Muslim puritans in Timbuktu are not stopped immediately, no religious artifact in that city will be left intact.
(D) The Muslim puritans in Timbuktu belong to a sect that does not accept influence from foreign countries.
(E) The Muslim puritans in Timbuktu could be mistaken when they declare that their religious principles come from the earliest teachings of Islam.
06 – (FGV-2013-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
(A) give an example of another Islamic burial structure that is in danger of being attacked.
(B) show that magnificent burial architecture can be accepted in the Muslim world.
(C) point out that both Muslims and non-Muslims appreciate the beauty of great tombs.
(D) argue that the destruction of certain Muslim religious shrines is not a great loss.
(E) support her belief that Ansar Dine’s ideas have nothing to do with the Muslim religion.
07 – (FGV-2013-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
(A) fight to the death to protect their precious religious architecture.
(B) try to kill as many of the Muslim extremists as possible.
(C) allow the destruction to happen.
(D) move to safer regions of Mali.
(E) ask for international military help to stop the destruction.
08 – (FGV-2013-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
(A) When a destroyed shrine is rebuilt, it assumes a much greater religious significance.
(B) Religious architecture cannot express the true spirit of God.
(C) The location of a religious object is unimportant.
(D) It is permissible to adapt a non-religious structure for religious use.
(E) A shrine can retain its religious significance even when it is not the original structure.
➧ TEXTO II:
Cosmic Background
By Marcia Bartusiak
One hundred fifty years ago, in 1862, the first hint arrived that the stellar universe was far stranger
than anyone imagined—or could imagine. It came with the knowledge that a faint companion slowly
circles Sirius, the brightest star in the nighttime sky.
Astronomers at the time didn’t recognize what they had uncovered. It would take decades—until the 1910s—for them to fully realize that Sirius B, as the tiny companion came to be known, was a star like no other seen before. Once its nature was revealed, though, it didn’t take long for theorists to conceive of other bizarre creatures that might be residing in the stellar zoo.
The story begins, not in 1862, but two decades earlier. For a number of years, the noted German astronomer Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, director of the Königsberg Observatory, had been going through old stellar catalogs, as well as making his own measurements, to track how the stars Sirius and Procyon were moving across the celestial sky over time. By 1844 he had enough data to announce that Sirius and Procyon weren’t traveling smoothly, as expected; instead, each star displayed a slight but distinct wobble—up and down, up and down. With great cleverness, Bessel deduced that each star’s quivering walk meant it was being pulled on by a dark, invisible companion circling it. Sirius’s companion, he estimated, completed one orbit every fifty years.
Bessel was clearly excited by his find; in his communication to Great Britain’s Royal Astronomical Society he wrote, “The subject . . . seems to me so important for the whole of practical astronomy, that I think it worthy of having your attention directed to it.”
Astronomers did take notice, and some tried to discern Sirius’s companion through their telescopes. Unfortunately, at the time Bessel reported his discovery, Sirius B was at its closest to gleaming Sirius, from the point of view of an observer on Earth, and thus lost in the glare. But even years later, no one was successful in spotting the companion.
That all changed on January 31, 1862. That night in Cambridgeport, Massachusetts, Alvan Clark, the best telescope manufacturer in the United States, and his younger son, Alvan Graham Clark, were testing the optics for a new refractor they had been building for the University of Mississippi. It was going to be the biggest refracting telescope in the world. Looking at notable stars to carry out a color test of their 18.5-inch lens, the son observed a faint star very close to Sirius. This was Sirius B, a type of star now known as a “white dwarf” because of its color and size.
Adapted from Natural History, February, 2012
09 – (FGV-2013-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
(A) Astronomers finally understood that the universe is unimaginably complex.
(B) The star Sirius was identified through the use of the world’s biggest refracting telescope.
(C) Alvan Graham Clark identified Sirius as the brightest star in the nighttime sky.
(D) A refracting telescope revealed that the star Sirius was accompanied by another star.
(E) Alvan Clark and his son Alvan Graham Clark made the first successful use of an 18.5-inch lens in a refracting telescope.
10 – (FGV-2013-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
(A) At first, astronomers were unaware that Sirius B was a previously unknown kind of celestial body.
(B) At first, astronomers refused to believe that Sirius was being circled by another star.
(C) Using the technology available at the time, astronomers mistakenly identified the celestial body orbiting Sirius as an asteroid.
(D) At first, astronomers believed that more than one celestial body orbited Sirius.
(E) At first, astronomers didn’t realize that the phenomenon involving Sirius could be repeated with many other stars.
11 – (FGV-2013-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
(A) was the first astronomer to recognize that Sirius B is an active but very weak star whose gravitational force affects Sirius’s trajectory.
(B) believed that unseen objects were causing the stars Sirius and Procyon to move in unusual ways.
(C) believed that Procyon was circling Sirius and disturbing its trajectory.
(D) discovered that Sirius and Procyon were moving across the celestial sky instead of remaining fixed in one place.
(E) discovered the existence of Sirius B by accident after two decades of research.
12 – (FGV-2013-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
(A) Bessel’s belief in the existence of Sirius’s companion was based on calculations and reasoning rather than on the direct observation of that companion.
(B) One of Bessel’s great achievements was to observe a complete orbit of Sirius’s companion.
(C) When Bessel began his research, he was convinced that both Sirius and Procyon were following an irregular, unpredictable trajectory.
(D) After compiling his Sirius and Procyon research data for many years, Bessel published his conclusions in the second half of the 19th century.
(E) Bessel found it very hard to convince other astronomers of the importance of his discoveries.
13 – (FGV-2013-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
(A) new telescope technology made it possible for the first time to observe clearly the intense brightness of Sirius.
(B) even astronomers equipped with the best telescopes could not distinguish a distant planet from a distant star.
(C) the intense brightness of the light radiated by Sirius made it impossible to see that star’s companion through a telescope.
(D) Sirius was positioned directly in front of Sirius B, thus making it impossible for astronomers to see the smaller star.
(E) he emphasized his belief that he had discovered a new kind of star, which he called a “white dwarf.”
14 – (FGV-2013-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
(A) more than two decades of research had enabled astronomers to calculate the trajectory of that star’s orbit around Sirius.
(B) its orbit had taken it to a point very close to the luminosity of Sirius, where it could be easily identified.
(C) Alvan Clark and his younger son, Alvan Graham Clark, were testing the hypothesis that “white dwarf” stars existed.
(D) Alvan Clark and his younger son, Alvan Graham Clark, were trying to prove that an invisible companion star was affecting Sirius’s trajectory.
(E) an important component of a new telescope was being tested.
15 – (FGV-2013-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
(A) Sirius B accompanies the brightest star visible from earth.
(B) Sirius B is the only celestial body known to affect the trajectory of a star.
(C) The century in which Sirius B was discovered was not the century in which it was truly understood.
(D) Belief in Sirius B’s existence was at first based on scientific conjecture rather than on concrete proof.
(E) The discovery of Sirius B suggested that the stellar universe was more complex and unpredictable than previously thought.
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