CFOPM 2014 - Concurso Público Militar - CFOPM/RJ - Admissão ao curso de formação - Prova de Inglês resolvida e comentada.

Hey,what's up guys!!!...How have you been?!
👍Neste post, veremos a Prova de INGLÊS - Concurso Público Admissão ao CFOPM do RJ- Prova aplicada em 2014. 

[a]Banca/Organizador(a):
CFOPM - Curso de Formação de Oficiais da Policia Militar.
[b]Padrão da prova:
*01 texto & 10 questões(em inglês).
*Título:"Southern humpback whale"
*Introdução:"Introduction"
*Sub título:"Sight unseen"(Visão invisível)(Vista não percebida)
*Sub título:"Unique behavior"(Comportamento singular)
*Sub título:"Status/Conservation"(Status/Conservação)
*Sub título:"Outlook"(perspectiva)
[c]Dictionary: Caso necessário,sugiro que consulte os 02(dois) excelentes dicionários a seguir:
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/
http:/www.macmillandictionary.com/
[d]Verbs:
(@)[to journey(Djôrní)(viajar)=to travel(Trévôl)]
(@)[to rest(Rést)(descansar)]
(@)[to mate(Mêit)(acasalar)=to pair(péôr)]
(@)[to nurse(Nôrs)(mamar)]
(@)[to support="suportar" no sentido de "apoiar=sustentar" diferente do "suportar=tolerar" que em inglês é "put up with" ou "to tolerate]
(@)[to head(rréd)(direcionar para)=to direct]
(@)[to breath(Brív)(respirar)=to respire(rísPáiôr)]
(@)[to grow(Brív)(crescer)=to become(tornar-se)=to be(ficar)]
(@)[to starve(Brív)(passar fome)]
(@)[to deplete(diplit)(esgotar)=to exhaust(ígZóst)(exaurir)=decrease(diminuir)]
(@)[to provide(prover)=to feed(alimentar)]
(@)[to intersperse(intercalar)=to insert(inserir)]
(@)[to play(brincar/jogar/tocar)=com o sentido de interpretar,"fazer o papel de"]
(@)[to display(exibir/mostrar)=to show]
(@)[to slap(bater com a mão aberta)(dar uma tapa)
(@)[to breach(violar/romper)=to violate=to rupture]
(@)[to peer(espreitar)=to oversee(vigiar)]
(@)[to decimate(DêssêMêit)(dizimar)=to devastate(devastar)] 
(@)[to decimate(DêssêMêit)(dizimar)=to devastate(devastar)] 

[e]Phrasal Verbs: 
(@)[to put on(pûrân)(vestir/colocar/ligar)=pode ser também "produzir um evento""put on a show"(dar um show)]
(@)[to hunt down(rrântchDâun)(caçar)=também é caçar,mas tem um significado mais amplo,pode ser também "perseguir"]
[f]Nouns:

(@)[leviathan(laVáifên)=a sea monster(um monstro marinho)]
(@)[edge(Édji)(borda)=seashore(Píuriri)(costa litoral)]
(@)[crew(krú)(equipe técnica)]
(@)[blubler(Blábôr)(gordura)=fat]
(@)[store(Blábôr)(loja/reserva)=reservation(reserva)]
(@)[krill(klêól)=a small crustacean(um crustáceo pequeno)]
(@)[chirp(thêrp)=gorjeio]
(@)[whistle(uêssôl)=assobio]
(@)[gurgle(Gôrgôl)=gorgolejo] 
(@)[moan(món)=gemido]
(@)[courtship(kôrtXêp)=cortejo,namoro]
(@)[twist(volta/torção)=turn]fins
(@)[fins(fêns)=barbatanas de uma baleia]
(@)[whaler(uêlôr)=pescador de baleia] 
[g]Adjectives:

(@)[southern(Sôdôrn)(do sul)(sulista) x western(uÉstôrn)(ocidental) x Eastern(Ístôrn)(oriental)]
(@)[sheltered(Xéltôrd)(protegida/abrigada)=protected =secure(sêKíôr)(seguro)]
(@)[warm(uôrm)(quente)=warmish(uôrmêsh)(aquecido)]
(@)[high-pitched=quer dizer "agudo","som muito elevado"]
(@)[playful(uôrm)(brincalhão)=entertaining(divertido)]

[h]Adverbs:

(@)[upside down=invertido]
[k]Conectors/Conjuctions: 

(@)[throughout(fruâutch)=em toda a parte]
(@)[as(no momento em que)=while(enquanto que)]
(@)[unlike(ao contrário de)=as opposed to(ézaPôstchu)]
[l]Expressions/abreviations: 

(@)[humpback whale(RRâmbék-uêól)=quer dizer "baleia jubarte ou baleia corcunda".(Elas só se alimentam no verão em águas polares e migram para os trópicos para acasalar e ter seus filhotes no inverno e primavera.)
(@)[Great barrier Reef(Grêit-Bériô-Ríf)(Grande Barreira de Coral).
(@)[to give birth to(GuívBôrftchu)="dar à luz a"] 
(@)[to change over time(GuívBôrftchu)="mudar com o tempo"] 
(@)[whale-watching tour="passeio de observação de baleias"] 
(@)[take advantage="tirar vantagem","aproveitar"] 
(@)[a world heritage site="patrimônio Mundial","reserva ecológica mundial"] 
(@)[commercial hunting(kômêrxôl-RRãntên)=que dizer "caça comercial"] 
(@)[IWC(áidâblíussi)=International Whaling commission=que dizer "Comissão Internacional da caça de baleia"."whaling" is the practice of hunting and killing whales for their oil, meat.]  

[m]Falsos cognatos:

(1)[eventually=finally]

(2)[data=dados(informação)]

(3)[likely=propenso,provável]

Agora, vamos à prova onde os textos possuem vocabulários "LEGAL VOCABULARY" e "TAX VOCABULARY".

Bons estudos,boa sorte e um abraço!
INSTRUCTIONS – Read the following text carefully and then choose the correct alternatives that answer the questions.

SOUTHERN HUMPBACK WHALE

INTRODUCTION
       During the Australian winter, these ocean leviathans journey 3,100 miles north from their Antarctic feeding grounds to the warm tropical waters near Australia's Whitsunday Islands. At the southern edge of the Great Barrier Reef, the 40-ton female humpbacks give birth to calves measuring 14 feet long and weighing over one ton. The Whitsundays' sheltered bays keep the calves warm and safe from predators. During the next few months, the whales rest, sing, play and mate. The calves nurse, but the one thing the adult whales don't do while in the tropical seas is eat. By winter's end, adults are famished, and they head south. This life cycle is repeated throughout the Southern Hemisphere: one group migrates along the western coast of Australia, others to southern Africa and South America.

SIGHT UNSEEN
       Underneath the blue Australian ocean, film crews captured the elegant rituals of southern humpbacks as they swim, sing, nurse, and play. A mother humpback whale supported her young calf from underneath, so it could breathe easier near the surface. Calves drink 130 gallons of milk a day! While baby grows fat, the mother starves for five months, her blubber stores depleting daily. Unlike the cold Antarctic waters, the seas here don't grow rich with krill that humpbacks filer through their baleen plates. But she provides her calf with rich milk that contains.
some of the highest fat content of any mammal´s milk – 45 percent.
UNIQUE BEHAVIOR
       Humpback males sing a unique melody, full of high-pitched chirps and whistles interspersed with deeper gurgles and moans. Each male repeats his song for hours, which likely plays a role in courtship. The song may change over time, with males singing a modified melody in consecutive years.
       Whale-watching tours take advantage of the humpback´s playful and curious nature. They often approach boats and put on quite a show. As whales journey south along the eastern coast of Australia, many stop in sheltered Platypus Bay around Fraser Island – a World Heritage Site – where they display the charismatic behaviors loved by whale-watchers. The crystal blue waters give a perfect window to watch the whales twist, roll and swim upside down, emerging to breathe, slap their tails or pectoral fins on the water´s surface. Breaching whales jump nearly all the way out of the water.  “Spyhopping” means their head emerges, and they peer at the surroundings with their large eyes.
STATUS/CONSERVATION
       Commercial hunting in the 19th and 20th centuries decimated most whale species. Because they migrate close to shore and swim slowly, humpbacks became a popular whalers´ target, and were hunted down to a few hundred animals in the Southern Hemisphere. The International Whaling Commission (IWC) implemented a moratorium on harvesting all species starting in 1986, and in 1994, declared Antarctica´s Southern Ocean a whale sanctuary. Now numbering over 10,000 in the Southern Hemisphere, humpbacks have shown incredible resilience, but their numbers still remain a fraction of their historic abundance. Recovery of regional populations varies, and the World Conservation Union (IUCN) lists the humpback as vulnerable.
       Humpbacks also have two Northern Hemisphere populations that number around 11,500 in the North Atlantic and 6,000 in the North Pacific. Northern humpbacks are genetically differentiated from the Southern Hemisphere population, and have dark bellies, while the southern humpbacks have all-white bellies. They don´t interbreed, because while the southern populations are mating and calving in the warm tropical seas, northern populations are near the polar Arctic.
OUTLOOK
      The International Whaling Commission (IWC) allows hunting by indigenous cultures but bans hunting of humpback whales. Japan has long engaged in IWCsanctioned “scientific whaling” of minke and other whales, and plans to start hunting humpbacks in 2007. “We are all concerned about Japan´s plans to add this species to the scientific whaling quota”, says Dr. Scott Baker, a renowned cetacean conservation biologist. Iceland also just started commercial whaling in 2006.
       Some Asian countries allow the sale of whale meat from incidental bycatch, and a whale´s value of $100,000 provides incentive for illegal harvest. Baker and colleagues used DNA to show that the whale meat being sold in South Korean shops did not match that reported to the IWC. Illegal harvest and sale of whale meat is occurring.
       Australia and New Zealand have petitioned the IWC to create a South Pacific Sanctuary adjoining the Southern Ocean Sanctuary where whaling would be illegal. Thus far, it has not been approved by IWC.

http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/planet-earth/animals/animals.html

1 - At the southern edge of the Great Barrier Reef, adult humpbacks whales do all this, EXCEPT:
(a) Mate.
(b) Eat.
(c) Play.
(d) Rest.
Gabarito (b):
*Na margem sul da Grande Barreira de Corais, as baleias jubarte adultas fazem de tudo exceto "eat"(comer).O texto afirma elas descansam,cantam, brincam e se acasalam,veja trecho do texto:"[...]the whales rest, sing, play and mate."
72 - The word "famished" is closest is meaning to:
(a) Angry.
(b) Happy.
(c) Hungry.
(d) Sad.
Gabarito (c):
*A palavra "faminto" está mais próxima do significado do adjetivo "hungry" que quer dizer"com fome". Demais itens incorreto pois *"angry=ragin(raivoso)=furious(furioso)"
*"happy(feliz)=cheerful(alegre)=jolly" *"sad(triste)=unhappy(alegre)=upset(chateado)"
73 - One of the animals listed below DOESN'T belong to the same category as the humpback whale:
(a) Cat.
(b) Dog.
(c) Goat.
(d) Turtle.
Gabarito (d):
*Nesta questão temos que descobrir um dos animais listados abaixo NÃO pertence à mesma categoria que a baleia jubarte,ou seja,escolher que opção não é um mamífero: 
*São mamíferos: cat(gato),dog(cachorro) ,goat(cabra).
*"tutle"(Thôrôl)(tartaruga) é um "reptile"(réptil). 
74 - Male humpback whales have a unique way of:
(a) Swimming.
(b) Singing.
(c) Hunting.
(d) Eating.Gabarito (b):
75 - All the following statements are true, EXCEPT:
(a) Female humpback whale prefers to give birth to their calves in safe waters.
(b) Humpback calves drink 130 gallons of milk a day.
(c) Commercial hunting in the two past centuries decimated most whale species.
(d) Female humpback whale prefers to give birth to their calves in cold waters.
Gabarito (d):
Nesta questão temos que encontrar a opção que NÃO ESTÁ conforme o texto.
*O item (a) está conforme o texto,pois afirma que a baleia jubarte feminina prefere dar à luz seus filhotes em águas seguras.Veja trechos do texto"[...]At the southern edge of the Great Barrier Reef, the 40-ton female humpbacks give birth to calves...The Whitsundays' sheltered bays keep the calves warm and safe from predators."(Na borda sul da Grande Barreira de Corais, as jubartes femininas de 40 toneladas dão à luz bezerros ... As baías protegidas dos Whitsundays mantêm os bezerros quentes e protegido dos predadores.).
*O item (b) está conforme o texto ao afirmar que os filhotes de baleia bebem 130 litros de leite por dia.Veja texto"[...Calves drink 130 gallons of milk a day!].
*O item (c) está conforme o texto,pois afirma que a caça comercial nos dois últimos séculos dizimou a maioria das espécies de baleias.Veja do texto"[...]Commercial hunting in the 19th and 20th centuries decimated most whale species."
*O item (d) ao afirmar que a baleia jubarte feminina prefere dar à luz seus filhotes em águas frias contradiz o texto,pois vimos que as baleias migram das águas geladas para águas mornas,afim de procriarem.  
76 - The word "harvesting" is closest is meaning to:
(a) Eating.
(b) Hunting.
(c) Drinking.
(d) Farming.
Gabarito (b):
77 - The reason why southern and northern whales DON'T interbreed is:
(a) They are never in the place at the same time.
(b) They have no interest on each other species.
(c) They don't belong to the same species.
(d) They are different kinds of animals.
Gabarito ():
Nesta questão temos que escolher das opções abaixo a razão pela qual as baleias do sul e do norte NÃO se cruzam.
*O item (a) é CORRETO pois as baleias do sul e do norte nunca em um lugar ao mesmo tempo.
*O item (b) é incorreto pois o texto não afirma que elas não têm interesse entre si da espécie.
*O item (c) é incorreto pois o texto não afirma que elas não pertencem à mesma espécie.
*O item (d) é incorreto pois o texto não afirma que a razão é porque são diferentes tipos de animais.
78 - Dr. Scott Baker is concerned that:
(a) Japan will start hunting whales.
(b) Japan will start defending the whales.
(c) Japan will start protecting whales.
(d) Japan will stop eating whales.
Gabarito (a):
Nesta questão temos que escolher qual a preocupação do Dr. Scott Baker.
*O item (a) afirma que "o Japão começará a caçar baleias.". Item está CORRETO pois é uma preocupação de acordo com o texto.
*O item (b) afirma que "o Japão começará  a defender as baleias.". Item errado pois não é preocupação e também não é confirmada no texto.
*O item (c) afirma que "o Japão começará a proteger as baleias."Item errado pois não é preocupação e também não é confirmada no texto.
*O item (d) afirma que "o Japão irá parar de comer baleias."Item errado pois não é preocupação e também não é confirmada no texto.

79 - The sentence "incidental bycatch" means that this kind of catch WASN'T:
(a) Eaten.
(b) Harvested.
(c) Studied.
(d) Planned.
Gabarito (d):
80 - All the following statements are true, EXCEPT:
(a) Humpback whale populates the North and South Hemisphere.
(b) Japan is going to start hunting whales.
(c) Illegal hunting of whales happens.
(d) Female Humpback whales give birth to their calves in the open ocean.
Gabarito (d):