PUC/Rio-2013/2 – VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO – LÍNGUA INGLESA – PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO – PROVA COM GABARITO.

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• PUC/RIO-2013/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO-TODOS OS GRUPOS-07/07/2013.

www.puc-rio.br/vestibular

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

➭ 10 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.

• Text  – | Is It Better to Walk or Run? | http://well.blogs.nytimes.com |

❑ TEXTO:

Is It Better to Walk or Run?

By GRETCHEN REYNOLDS 

1
Walking and running are the most popular physical activities for American adults. But whether one is preferable to the other in terms of improving health has long been debated. Now a variety of new studies that pitted running directly against walking are providing some answers. Their conclusion? It depends almost completely on what you are hoping to accomplish.
2
If, for instance, you are looking to control your weight, running wins, going away. In a study published last month in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, and unambiguously titled “Greater Weight Loss From Running than Walking,” researchers combed survey data from 15,237 walkers and 32,215 runners enrolled in the National Runners and Walkers Health Study — a large survey being conducted at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California.
3
Participants were asked about their weight, waist circumference, diets and typical weekly walking or running mileage both when they joined the study, and then again up to six years later. The runners almost uniformly were thinner than the walkers when each joined the study. And they stayed that way throughout. Over the years, the runners maintained their body mass and waistlines far better than the walkers.
4
The difference was particularly notable among participants over 55. Runners in this age group were not running a lot and generally were barely expending more calories per week during exercise than older walkers. But their body mass indexes and waist circumferences remained significantly lower than those of age-matched walkers.
5
Why running should better aid weight management than walking is not altogether clear. It might seem obvious that running, being more strenuous than walking, burns more calories per hour. And that’s true. But in the Berkeley study and others, when energy expenditure was approximately matched — when walkers head out for hours of rambling and burn the same number of calories over the course of a week as runners — the runners seem able to control their weight better over the long term.
6
One reason may be running’s effect on appetite, as another intriguing, if small, study suggests. In the study, published last year in the Journal of Obesity, nine experienced female runners and 10 committed female walkers reported to the exercise physiology lab at the University of Wyoming on two separate occasions. On one day, the groups ran or walked on a treadmill for an hour. On the second day, they all rested for an hour. Throughout each session, researchers monitored their total energy expenditure. They also drew blood from their volunteers to check for levels of certain hormones related to appetite. 
7
After both sessions, the volunteers were set free in a room with a laden buffet 35 and told to eat at will. The walkers turned out to be hungry, consuming about 50 calories more than they had burned during their hour-long treadmill stroll. The runners, on the other hand, picked at their food, taking in almost 200 calories less than they had burned while running.
8
Of course, few walkers match the energy expenditure of runners. “It’s fair to say that, if you plan to expend the same energy walking as running, you have to walk about one and a half times as far and that it takes about twice as long,” said Paul T. Williams, a staff scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories and the lead author of all of the studies involving the surveys of runners and walkers.
8
On the other hand, people who begin walking are often more unhealthy than those who start running, and so their health benefits from the exercise can be commensurately greater. “It bears repeating that either walking or running is healthier than not doing either,” Dr. Williams said, whatever your health goals.

Adapted from http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/29/is-it-better-to-walk-orrun/?ref=health May 29, 2013

01 – (PUC/Rio-2013/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO)

The author’s main purpose in this text is to 

a) evaluate the impact of physical activity on obese volunteers in an American study.
b) reveal that walkers burn more calories and control their weight better than regular runners.
c) encourage runners to walk more often and for longer periods to expend more energy.
d) compare the health benefits of walking and running based on recent scientific research.
e) alert people to the fact that intense running workouts decrease calorie consumption.

R E S P O S T A :   D

• O principal objetivo do autor neste texto é
a) avaliar o impacto da atividade física em voluntários obesos em um estudo americano.
b) revelar que os caminhantes queimam mais calorias e controlam seu peso melhor do que os corredores regulares.
c) incentivar os corredores a andar com mais frequência e por períodos mais longos a gastar mais energia.
d) comparar os benefícios de saúde de caminhar e correr com base em pesquisas científicas recentes.
e) alertar as pessoas para o fato de que exercícios intensos em corrida diminuem o consumo de calorias.

02 – (PUC/Rio-2013/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO)

The study titled “Greater Weight Loss From Running than Walking” showed that

a) walkers tend to be thinner than runners, no matter how old they are.
b) walkers over 55 expend more calories per week than runners of the same age.
c) runners are more capable of controlling their weight for longer periods of time.
d) both runners and walkers can keep a good control of their waist circumferences.
e) neither runners nor walkers face problems with weight control or loss of appetite.

R E S P O S T A :   C

•

03 – (PUC/Rio-2013/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO)

Participants in the survey at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory were inquired about all the items below, EXCEPT

a) motivations for running or walkin
b) walking or running habits 
c) waist measurement 
d) eating habits
e) weight

R E S P O S T A :   A

•

04 – (PUC/Rio-2013/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO)

In the fragment “— when walkers head out for hours of rambling” (lines 24-25), “head out” can be substituted by

a) wait 
b) leave 
c) search
d) decide
e) prepare

R E S P O S T A :   B

•

05 – (PUC/Rio-2013/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO)

In the fragment “It might seem obvious that running …” (line 22), “might” expresses an idea of 

a) advice
b) capacity
c) obligation
d) permission 
e) possibility

R E S P O S T A :   E

•

06 – (PUC/Rio-2013/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO)

Based on the meanings expressed in the text, it is correct to affirm that

a) “notable” (line 17) and insignificant are synonyms.
b) “barely” (line 18) and scarcely are antonyms.
c) “altogether” (line 22) and entirely do not express similar ideas.
d) “strenuous” (line 22) means the same as demanding.
e) “throughout” (line 32) does not mean all over.

R E S P O S T A :   D

•

07 – (PUC/Rio-2013/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO)

Mark the CORRECT statement concerning reference.

a) In “Over the years, the runners maintained their body mass and waistlines far better than the walkers” (lines 15-16), “their” refers to “walkers”.
b) In “But their body mass indexes and waist circumferences remained significantly lower than those of age-matched walkers.” (lines 19-20), “those” refers to “mass indexes and waist circumferences”.
c) In “On the second day, they all rested for an hour.” (lines 31-32), “they” refers only to “female walkers”.
d) In “Throughout each session, researchers monitored their total energy expenditure.” (lines 32-33), “their” refers to “researchers”.
e) In “They also drew blood from their volunteers to check for levels of certain hormones related to appetite.” (lines 33-34), “They” refers to “female runners".

R E S P O S T A :   B

•

08 – (PUC/Rio-2013/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO)

In the fragment “After both sessions, the volunteers were set free in a room with a laden buffet and told to eat at will.” (lines 35-36), the expression “eat at will” means that the volunteers were told to eat

a) at once
b) at intervals
c) in a future time
d) from time to time
e) any time they wanted to

R E S P O S T A :   E

•

09 – (PUC/Rio-2013/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO)

In the fragment “On the other hand, people who begin walking are often more unhealthy than those who start running,…” (lines 45-46), “on the other hand” can be substituted by all the expressions below, EXCEPT

a) “However”
b) “Conversely”
c) “As a result”
d) “Nevertheless”
e) “On the contrary”

R E S P O S T A :   C

•

10 – (PUC/Rio-2013/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO)

According to the fragment “… if you plan to expend the same energy walking as running, you have to walk about one and a half times as far and that it takes about twice as long” (lines 41-42), it is correct to say that to expend the same amount of energy,

a) walkers need to exercise half the time runners do.
b) walkers need to exercise longer and farther than runners.
c) runners need to spend more time exercising than walkers.
d) runners need to exercise twice as much as walkers. 
e) runners and walkers need to exercise for the same amount of time.

R E S P O S T A :   B

•