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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: PUC/RIO-2014-VESTIBULAR-RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS-18/10/2013.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
• 20 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.
• Texto – | Brazil as a bridge between old and new powers? | International Affairs |
❑ TEXTO:
❑ TEXTO-TRADUÇÃO POR TRECHO:
Brazil as a bridge between old and new powers?
O Brasil como ponte entre antigas e novas potências?
➽TRECHO (1-5):
►One of the lines routinely taken by Brazilian
officials engaged in international affairs is that their
country is uniquely positioned to bridge chasms
and build consensus in international affairs.Uma das posições rotineiramente adotadas (tomadas, aplicadas) por autoridades brasileiras envolvidas em relações internacionais é que seu país esteja posicionada de forma única para superar dificuldades (desafios) e construir consenso nas relações internacionais.
►Prosaic
reasons for this abound.
Razões prosaicas (corriqueiras, comuns) para isso são abundantes (não faltam).
➽TRECHO (5-9):
►Culturally the country is
diverse, claiming to have more people of Japanese
descent than any country other than Japan, and
more citizens of African ancestry than any country but
Nigeria.
Culturalmente, o país é diversificado, afirmando ter mais pessoas de ascendência japonesa do que qualquer outro país que não o Japão, e mais cidadãos de ascendência africana do que qualquer outro país, exceto a Nigéria.
➽TRECHO (5-13):
►Socio-economic realities in Brazil also capture the economic chasm of the North–South divide: the
country exports advanced passenger aircraft and
high fashion design while simultaneously grappling
with tens of millions struggling to survive in poverty.
►As realidades socioeconômicas no Brasil também captam o abismo econômico da divisão Norte-Sul: o país exporta aviões de passageiros avançados e design de alta moda, ao mesmo tempo que enfrenta dezenas de milhões de pessoas que lutam para sobreviver na pobreza.
➽TRECHO (14-17):
►Historical tradition and the exigencies of political and
legal processes psychologically predispose Brazil to
discussion and conciliation in search of an avenue to
any particular desired outcome.
A tradição histórica e as exigências dos processos políticos e jurídicos predispõem psicologicamente, o Brasil à discussão e à conciliação, em busca de um caminho para qualquer resultado específico desejado.
➽TRECHO (17-21):
►This translates on a
formal level into a highly juridical culture with strong
contending regional and political factions that have
to spend enormous amounts of time negotiating lest
paralysis take hold.
Isto traduz-se, a nível formal, numa cultura altamente jurídica com fortes facções regionais e políticas em conflito que têm de gastar enormes quantidades de tempo a negociar para que a paralisia não se instale.
➽TRECHO (21-26):
►Brazilian diplomats have this in
mind when they quip that they arrive at international
discussions with the consensus position already
outlined because the competing interests found
in global talks have been reconciled during the
formulation of their own national position.
Os diplomatas brasileiros têm isto em mente, quando gracejam (brincam) que eles chegam aos debates internacionais, com a posição de consenso já delineada, porque os interesses concorrentes encontrados nas conversações globais foram reconciliados durante a formulação da sua própria posição nacional.
Os diplomatas brasileiros têm isto em mente, quando gracejam (brincam) que eles chegam aos debates internacionais, com a posição de consenso já delineada, porque os interesses concorrentes encontrados nas conversações globais foram reconciliados durante a formulação da sua própria posição nacional.
➽TRECHO (26-30):
►Such a benign, conciliatory, consensus-creating persona for Brazilian diplomacy is only amplified by the country’s economic and military insertion into South America and the global system.
►Such a benign, conciliatory, consensus-creating persona for Brazilian diplomacy is only amplified by the country’s economic and military insertion into South America and the global system.
Uma personalidade tão benigna, conciliadora e criadora de consenso para a diplomacia brasileira só é amplificada pela inserção econômica e militar do país na América do Sul e no sistema global.
➽TRECHO (30-35):
►Brazil lacks
a history of conquest or imperial domination. The
country manifestly does not present a security threat
to its neighbours, possessing little more armed might
than the scant minimum necessary to vouchsafe
its own basic territorial integrity.
O Brasil carece de uma história de conquista ou de dominação imperial. O país manifestamente não representa uma ameaça à segurança dos seus vizinhos, possuindo pouco mais poder armado do que o mínimo necessário para suprir a sua própria integridade territorial básica.
➽TRECHO (35-40):
►It would thus seem
that Brazil is ideally positioned to be the prototypical
bridge-builder, working diligently to ensure stability
and predictability in the face of rising tensions
between major powers as well as the North and the
global South.
Parece, portanto, que o Brasil está idealmente posicionado para ser o protótipo do construtor de pontes, trabalhando diligentemente para garantir a estabilidade e a previsibilidade face às tensões crescentes entre as grandes potências, bem como entre o Norte e o Sul global.
➽TRECHO (40-46):
►This article contends that while such
an understanding has some merit, a simple view of
Brazil as honest broker in global affairs overlooks
the self-interested streak that lies at the core of
Brazilian foreign policy and drives its attitudes to the
development of international regimes and the conduct
of global governance.
Este artigo sustenta que, embora tal entendimento tenha algum mérito, uma simples visão do Brasil como um mediador honesto em assuntos globais ignora a tendência de interesse próprio que está no cerne da política externa brasileira e orienta suas atitudes em relação ao desenvolvimento de regimes internacionais e ao conduta da governança global.
➽TRECHO (46-49):
►In the theoretical terms set out
in the introduction to this special issue of International
Affairs, Brazil casts itself as something of an integrative,
value-creating negotiator in the international arena.
Nos termos teóricos expostos na introdução desta edição especial de Assuntos Internacionais, o Brasil se apresenta como uma espécie de negociador integrador e criador de valor na arena internacional.
Nos termos teóricos expostos na introdução desta edição especial de Assuntos Internacionais, o Brasil se apresenta como uma espécie de negociador integrador e criador de valor na arena internacional.
➽TRECHO (50-55):
►But when examined on a deeper level, the country bears more resemblance to a distributive, valueclaiming actor. The ability of Brazilian diplomats to carry off this double identity rests in the country’s carefully constructed position as the intermediate or bridging ground between the South and the North.
►But when examined on a deeper level, the country bears more resemblance to a distributive, valueclaiming actor. The ability of Brazilian diplomats to carry off this double identity rests in the country’s carefully constructed position as the intermediate or bridging ground between the South and the North.
Mas quando examinado a um nível mais profundo, o país assemelha-se mais a um ator distributivo e reivindicador de valor. A capacidade dos diplomatas brasileiros de levarem a cabo esta dupla identidade reside na posição cuidadosamente construída do país como intermediário ou ponte entre o Sul e o Norte.
➽TRECHO (50-59):
►In
this context the role of bridge-builder offers Brazil three
advantages that have only coincidental alignment with
what existing powers would label good international
citizenship:
Neste contexto, o papel de construtor de pontes oferece ao Brasil três vantagens que têm apenas um alinhamento coincidente com o que as potências existentes rotulariam de boa cidadania internacional:
➽TRECHO (59-64):
►(a) controlling the flow of political and
ideational interaction back and forth between the
North and South; (b) exacting a ‘toll’ for traffic in each
direction; (c) being indispensable to the international
system because it is seen as the link between old and
emerging powers.
(a) controlar o fluxo de interação política e ideacional entre o Norte e o Sul; (b) cobrar um “pedágio” para o tráfego em cada sentido; (c) ser indispensável ao sistema internacional porque é visto como o elo entre potências antigas e emergentes.
➽TRECHO (65-68):To be completely clear, Brazil is simply doing too well economically and is too secure politically within the existing system to want any real change to the structure of the international system.
►Para ser completamente claro, o Brasil está simplesmente a sair-se demasiado bem economicamente e está demasiado seguro politicamente dentro do sistema existente para querer qualquer mudança real na estrutura do sistema internacional.
➽TRECHO (68-73):
►The challenge
that confronts Brazilian foreign policy architects is
thus how to improve their country’s relative position
within the international arena without engaging
in behaviour that will fundamentally damage the
system.
O desafio que os arquitectos da política externa brasileira enfrentam é, portanto, como melhorar a posição relativa do seu país na arena internacional sem se envolverem em comportamentos que irão prejudicar fundamentalmente o sistema.
➽TRECHO (73-76):
►Its key instrument in meeting this challenge is
reframing debates and influencing others with ideas
and allusions to future prospects, not hard power
resources.
O seu principal instrumento para enfrentar este desafio é reformular os debates e influenciar outros com ideias e alusões a perspectivas futuras, e não com recursos de poder duro.
➽TRECHO (76-82):
►While at times this means that there might
appear to be a language of rebellion and substantive
revision in Brazil’s foreign policy statements, even
ostensibly isolationist ideas such as Lula’s new
international economic geography are fundamentally
predicated on maintenance of the existing global
governance structures.
Embora por vezes isto signifique que possa parecer haver uma linguagem de rebelião e de revisão substantiva nas declarações da política externa do Brasil, mesmo ideias ostensivamente isolacionistas, como a nova geografia econômica internacional de Lula, baseiam-se fundamentalmente na manutenção das estruturas de governação global existentes.
➽TRECHO (82-86):
►The Brazilian aim is not to
overturn these decision-making tables, but rather
to gain an important seat with decision-influencing
power that will allow the advancement of its own
interests while retarding initiatives it sees as inimical.
O objetivo brasileiro não é revogar estas mesas de tomada de decisão, mas sim ganhar um lugar importante com poder de influência de decisão que permitirá o avanço dos seus próprios interesses, ao mesmo tempo que retarda iniciativas que considera hostis (prejudiciais,desfavoráveis).
➽TRECHO (87-92):
►In part, this fits with Brazil’s long-standing ambition
to be viewed and accepted as a major world power,
captured in its perennial ambitions for a permanent
seat on the United Nations Security Council and the
fervent belief within Itamaraty that Brazil is the country
of the future.
Em parte, isso se ajusta à ambição de longa data do Brasil de ser visto e aceito como uma grande potência mundial, capturada em suas ambições perenes de um assento permanente no Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas e na crença fervorosa dentro do Itamaraty de que o Brasil é o país do futuro.
➽TRECHO (92-95):
On a more operational level, it fits with
Brazil’s actual power projection capabilities, which
are distinctly limited in economic, military and political
terms.
►A um nível mais operacional, enquadra-se nas capacidades reais de projeção de poder do Brasil, que são claramente limitadas em termos econômicos, militares e políticos.
➽TRECHO (95-99):
►Maintenance of the existing international
system is thus critical because Brazil has found a very
cost-effective way of vouchsafing its sovereignty and
autonomy through the strategic use and interpretation
of international institutions, norms and regimes.
A manutenção do sistema internacional existente é, portanto, crítica porque o Brasil encontrou uma maneira muito eficaz em termos de custos de garantir a sua soberania e autonomia através do uso estratégico e da interpretação de instituições, normas e regimes internacionais.
➽TRECHO (100-106):
A manutenção do sistema internacional existente é, portanto, crítica porque o Brasil encontrou uma maneira muito eficaz em termos de custos de garantir a sua soberania e autonomia através do uso estratégico e da interpretação de instituições, normas e regimes internacionais.
➽TRECHO (100-106):
►For the last 20 years Itamaraty has been working
to position Brazil as a leader of first South America
and then the global South. The sort of institutional
machinations seen in the inter-American system and
the UN form an important part of the foreign policy
strategy of making Brazil the conduit for regional
coordination and wider pan-southern interaction.
Nos últimos 20 anos, o Itamaraty tem trabalhado para posicionar o Brasil como líder primeiro da América do Sul e depois do Sul global. O tipo de maquinações institucionais observadas no sistema interamericano e na ONU constituem uma parte importante da estratégia de política externa de tornar o Brasil o canal para a coordenação regional e uma interação pan-sul mais ampla.
➽TRECHO (107-113):
►Brazil’s approach is essentially one of coalition
formation, aimed at compensating for its deficiencies
in respect of hard power military and economic
credentials with its ample ability to generate ideas
that are operationalized through diplomatic flair and
a capacity to mobilize or derail initiatives requiring
a larger southern voice.
A abordagem do Brasil é essencialmente de formação de coalizões, visando compensar suas deficiências em relação às credenciais militares e econômicas do poder duro com sua ampla capacidade de gerar ideias que são operacionalizadas por meio de talento diplomático e capacidade de mobilizar ou inviabilizar iniciativas que exigem uma maior voz do sul.
➽TRECHO (113-115):
►On the applied front, this
earns Brazil an invitation to major international decision-making tables such as the G20 and the UN.
Na frente aplicada, isso rende ao Brasil um convite para as principais mesas de decisão internacionais, como o G20 e a ONU.
➽TRECHO (116-119):
►This in turn becomes important to the wider foreign
policy priority of maintaining the pre-eminence of
the international norm of sovereignty as a device for
protecting national autonomy.
Isto, por sua vez, torna-se importante para a prioridade mais ampla da política externa de manter a preeminência da norma internacional de soberania como um dispositivo para proteger a autonomia nacional.
➽TRECHO (119-126):
►What is different about
the Brazilian sequencing is that its diplomats avoid
tactics of simple opposition and blatant deadlocking,
preferring instead to find technical routes that may
deliver the same end by reworking accepted worldviews or established causal patterns to create a new
frame of reference for international negotiations and
the participating actors.
O que é diferente no sequenciamento brasileiro é que seus diplomatas evitam táticas de simples oposição e impasses flagrantes, preferindo, em vez disso, encontrar rotas técnicas que possam proporcionar o mesmo fim, reelaborando visões de mundo aceitas ou padrões causais estabelecidos para criar um novo quadro de referência para negociações internacionais. e os atores participantes.
➽TRECHO (127-131):
►Within this context, the project of constructing a role for Brazil as bridge between the North and the South is critical. It offers a way of positioning Brazil as an interlocutor that allows it effectively to exact a ‘toll’ on the bridge.
➽TRECHO (127-131):
►Within this context, the project of constructing a role for Brazil as bridge between the North and the South is critical. It offers a way of positioning Brazil as an interlocutor that allows it effectively to exact a ‘toll’ on the bridge.
Nesse contexto, o projeto de construção do papel do Brasil como ponte entre o Norte e o Sul é fundamental. Oferece uma forma de posicionar o Brasil como interlocutor que lhe permite efetivamente cobrar um “pedágio” na ponte.
➽TRECHO (131-134):
►Brazil’s consequent response
to international negotiations is to advance its own
interests behind a pan-southern value-creating,
integrative fascia.
A resposta consequente do Brasil às negociações internacionais é promover os seus próprios interesses por trás de uma fáscia integrativa e criadora de valor pan-sul.
➽TRECHO (134-139):
►The remaining question is the extent to which these subtle turns and speed bumps will result in real changes in global governance frameworks and the international distribution of meaningful power and influence.
➽TRECHO (134-139):
►The remaining question is the extent to which these subtle turns and speed bumps will result in real changes in global governance frameworks and the international distribution of meaningful power and influence.
A questão que permanece é até que ponto estas mudanças subtis e lombadas resultarão em mudanças reais nos quadros de governação global e na distribuição internacional de poder e influência significativos.
➽TRECHO (139-142):
►Brazil’s preference is that they cause little
alteration in the core rules and regimes, but perhaps
a slight shift in norms that puts Brazil in a central
position.
A preferência do Brasil é que causem poucas alterações nas regras e regimes básicos, mas talvez uma ligeira mudança nas normas que coloque o Brasil em uma posição central.
➽TRECHO (143-148):
►Although over-used, Brazilian musician Tom Jobim’s line that ‘Brazil is not for beginners’ aptly applies to understanding how it addresses international issues, presenting a significant challenge for policy-makers in northern capitals used to a system focused on northern Atlantic issues.
➽TRECHO (143-148):
►Although over-used, Brazilian musician Tom Jobim’s line that ‘Brazil is not for beginners’ aptly applies to understanding how it addresses international issues, presenting a significant challenge for policy-makers in northern capitals used to a system focused on northern Atlantic issues.
Embora excessivamente utilizada, a frase do músico brasileiro Tom Jobim de que “o Brasil não é para principiantes” aplica-se apropriadamente à compreensão de como o país aborda questões internacionais, apresentando um desafio significativo para os decisores políticos nas capitais do Norte habituados a um sistema centrado nas questões do Atlântico Norte.
➽TRECHO (148-151):
►Assumptions
about how Brazil will react to invitations to participate
or approaches to consult on policy issues need to
be rethought.
As suposições sobre como o Brasil reagirá aos convites para participar ou às abordagens de consulta sobre questões políticas precisam ser repensadas.
➽TRECHO (151-156):
►The considerable diplomatic capacity
found in Itamaraty is matched by an impressive ability
to develop and communicate new ideas through
a process of patient discussion and civil debate to
create a consensus around something remarkably
close to Brazil’s view.
A considerável capacidade diplomática encontrada no Itamaraty é acompanhada por uma impressionante capacidade de desenvolver e comunicar novas ideias através de um processo de discussão paciente e debate civil para criar um consenso em torno de algo notavelmente próximo da visão do Brasil.
➽TRECHO (156-160):
►This approach to international
issues differs markedly from that found in traditional
powers in the North, which have a reputation for
often using a blunt stick and a very small carrot to
gain consent.
Esta abordagem às questões internacionais difere marcadamente daquela encontrada nas potências tradicionais do Norte, que têm a reputação de utilizar frequentemente um bastão rombudo e uma cenoura muito pequena para obter consentimento.
➽TRECHO (160-166):
►The interesting point is that this may
present more of an opportunity than a threat for the
policy agendas of the traditional powers. Brazil’s core
interests and ambitions align remarkably well with
those of other major powers; and, moreover, pursuit
of these interests has been undertaken in a manner
that has yet to raise hackles throughout the South.
O interessante é que isto pode representar mais uma oportunidade do que uma ameaça para as agendas políticas das potências tradicionais. Os principais interesses e ambições do Brasil alinham-se notavelmente bem com os de outras grandes potências; e, além disso, a prossecução destes interesses tem sido empreendida de uma forma que ainda não suscitou indignação em todo o Sul.
➽TRECHO (166-171):
►This makes Brazil a potentially valuable partner for the
continued management of regional and global issues,
but only if northern capitals are able to shift how they
view Brazil and learn a new variation on their existing
themes of global governance.
Isto torna o Brasil um parceiro potencialmente valioso para a gestão contínua de questões regionais e globais, mas apenas se as capitais do Norte forem capazes de mudar a forma como vêem o Brasil e aprenderem uma nova variação nos seus temas existentes de governação global.
Sean W. BurgesInternational Affairs 89: 3 (2013) 577–594. Adapted
01 – (PUC/RIO-2014-VESTIBULAR-RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)The communicative intention of this article is to
(A) inform that Brazil deserves more international credit as an honest broker in global affairs.
(B) explain how Brazil positions itself in the role of a bridge-builder in the global system.
(C) defeat the argument that Brazilian diplomacy is always conciliatory in nature for fear of imperialistic attacks.
(D) reveal that Brazil does not pose a security threat to its neighbors due to the scanty status of its armed forces.
(E) question Brazil’s role as an effective political and economic leader among the Southern Hemisphere nations.
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
(A) inform that Brazil deserves more international credit as an honest broker in global affairs.
(B) explain how Brazil positions itself in the role of a bridge-builder in the global system.
(C) defeat the argument that Brazilian diplomacy is always conciliatory in nature for fear of imperialistic attacks.
(D) reveal that Brazil does not pose a security threat to its neighbors due to the scanty status of its armed forces.
(E) question Brazil’s role as an effective political and economic leader among the Southern Hemisphere nations.
Comentários e Gabarito B
The communicative intention of this article is to
A intenção comunicativa deste artigo é
(A) inform that Brazil deserves more international credit as an honest broker in global affairs.
(A) inform that Brazil deserves more international credit as an honest broker in global affairs.
informam que o Brasil merece mais crédito internacional como corretor honesto em assuntos globais.
(B) explain how Brazil positions itself in the role of a bridge-builder in the global system.
(B) explain how Brazil positions itself in the role of a bridge-builder in the global system.
explicar como o Brasil se posiciona no papel de construtor de pontes no sistema global.
(C) defeat the argument that Brazilian diplomacy is always conciliatory in nature for fear of imperialistic attacks.
(C) defeat the argument that Brazilian diplomacy is always conciliatory in nature for fear of imperialistic attacks.
derrotar o argumento de que a diplomacia brasileira é sempre de natureza conciliadora por medo de ataques imperialistas.
(D) reveal that Brazil does not pose a security threat to its neighbors due to the scanty status of its armed forces.
(D) reveal that Brazil does not pose a security threat to its neighbors due to the scanty status of its armed forces.
revelar que o Brasil não representa uma ameaça à segurança de seus vizinhos devido ao escasso status de suas forças armadas.
(E) question Brazil’s role as an effective political and economic leader among the Southern Hemisphere nations.
(E) question Brazil’s role as an effective political and economic leader among the Southern Hemisphere nations.
questionar o papel do Brasil como líder político e econômico eficaz entre os países do Hemisfério Sul.
02 – (PUC/RIO-2014-VESTIBULAR-RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
The author uses the expression “Prosaic reasons for this abound” (lines 4-5) to
(A) convince readers that the international affairs officers in Brazil are wrong.
(B) criticize the atypical attitudes of Brazilian officials in defending their country.
(C) support that the Brazilian foreign affairs position is irrelevant and unsustainable.
(D) introduce concrete arguments to support the idea expressed in the first sentence of the text.
(E) reveal that Brazilian government leaders do not have enough arguments to sustain their position of international consensus.
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
The author uses the expression “Prosaic reasons for this abound” (lines 4-5) to
(A) convince readers that the international affairs officers in Brazil are wrong.
(B) criticize the atypical attitudes of Brazilian officials in defending their country.
(C) support that the Brazilian foreign affairs position is irrelevant and unsustainable.
(D) introduce concrete arguments to support the idea expressed in the first sentence of the text.
(E) reveal that Brazilian government leaders do not have enough arguments to sustain their position of international consensus.
Comentários e Gabarito D
The author uses the expression “Prosaic reasons for this abound” (lines 4-5) to
O autor usa a expressão “razões prosaicas para isso abundam” para
(A) convince readers that the international affairs officers in Brazil are wrong.
(A) convince readers that the international affairs officers in Brazil are wrong.
convencer os leitores de que os responsáveis pelas relações internacionais no Brasil estão errados.
(B) criticize the atypical attitudes of Brazilian officials in defending their country.
(B) criticize the atypical attitudes of Brazilian officials in defending their country.
criticar as atitudes atípicas das autoridades brasileiras na defesa de seu país.
(C) support that the Brazilian foreign affairs position is irrelevant and unsustainable.
(C) support that the Brazilian foreign affairs position is irrelevant and unsustainable.
defender que a posição brasileira na política externa é irrelevante e insustentável.
(D) introduce concrete arguments to support the idea expressed in the first sentence of the text.
(D) introduce concrete arguments to support the idea expressed in the first sentence of the text.
apresentar argumentos concretos para sustentar a ideia expressa na primeira frase do texto.
(E) reveal that Brazilian government leaders do not have enough arguments to sustain their position of international consensus.
(E) reveal that Brazilian government leaders do not have enough arguments to sustain their position of international consensus.
revelar que os líderes do governo brasileiro não possuem argumentos suficientes para sustentar sua posição de consenso internacional.
03 – (PUC/RIO-2014-VESTIBULAR-RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
According to the Brazilian foreign affairs officials, all of the following are supportive arguments for seeing Brazil as a country that can play an important role in international affairs, EXCEPT
(A) a tradition of finding consensus to reach desired goals supported by political and legal processes.
(B) a long-established practice of extended discussions among different political views to reach conciliatory negotiation.
(C) the skill in dealing with extremes, such as an advanced technological production on the one hand, and a high percentile of population in poverty on the other.
(D) the ethnic diversity present in Brazil: a huge population of Japanese descent and an enormous number of inhabitants of African ancestry.
(E) the Brazilian diplomats’ position to impose their own national point of view on the competing interests of the other international members.
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
According to the Brazilian foreign affairs officials, all of the following are supportive arguments for seeing Brazil as a country that can play an important role in international affairs, EXCEPT
(A) a tradition of finding consensus to reach desired goals supported by political and legal processes.
(B) a long-established practice of extended discussions among different political views to reach conciliatory negotiation.
(C) the skill in dealing with extremes, such as an advanced technological production on the one hand, and a high percentile of population in poverty on the other.
(D) the ethnic diversity present in Brazil: a huge population of Japanese descent and an enormous number of inhabitants of African ancestry.
(E) the Brazilian diplomats’ position to impose their own national point of view on the competing interests of the other international members.
Comentários e Gabarito E
According to the Brazilian foreign affairs officials, all of the following are supportive arguments for seeing Brazil as a country that can play an important role in international affairs, EXCEPT
De acordo com as autoridades brasileiras de relações exteriores, todos os itens a seguir são argumentos de apoio para ver o Brasil como um país que pode desempenhar um papel importante nas relações internacionais, EXCETO
(A) a tradition of finding consensus to reach desired goals supported by political and legal processes.
(A) a tradition of finding consensus to reach desired goals supported by political and legal processes.
uma tradição de encontrar consenso para alcançar os objetivos desejados apoiados por processos políticos e jurídicos.
(B) a long-established practice of extended discussions among different political views to reach conciliatory negotiation.
(B) a long-established practice of extended discussions among different political views to reach conciliatory negotiation.
uma prática há muito estabelecida de discussões alargadas entre diferentes pontos de vista políticos para chegar a uma negociação conciliatória.
(C) the skill in dealing with extremes, such as an advanced technological production on the one hand, and a high percentile of population in poverty on the other.
(C) the skill in dealing with extremes, such as an advanced technological production on the one hand, and a high percentile of population in poverty on the other.
a capacidade de lidar com extremos, como uma produção tecnológica avançada, por um lado, e um elevado percentual de população em situação de pobreza, por outro.
(D) the ethnic diversity present in Brazil: a huge population of Japanese descent and an enormous number of inhabitants of African ancestry.
(D) the ethnic diversity present in Brazil: a huge population of Japanese descent and an enormous number of inhabitants of African ancestry.
a diversidade étnica presente no Brasil: uma enorme população de ascendência japonesa e um enorme número de habitantes de ascendência africana.
(E) the Brazilian diplomats’ positionto impose their own national point of view on the competing interests of the other international members.
(E) the Brazilian diplomats’ position
a posição dos diplomatas brasileiros de impor seu próprio ponto de vista nacional sobre os interesses concorrentes dos demais membros internacionais.
04 – (PUC/RIO-2014-VESTIBULAR-RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
The fragment “…lest paralysis take hold.” (lines 20-21) can be rephrased without change in meaning by
(A) in order to prevent negotiations from occurring.
The fragment “…lest paralysis take hold.” (lines 20-21) can be rephrased without change in meaning by
(A) in order to prevent negotiations from occurring.
(B) so that paralysis holds the competing parties together.
(C) provided that negotiations are interrupted by paralysis.
(D) for fear that the contending factions become paralyzed.
(E) in case the countries’ negotiation skills help overcome paralysis.
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
(C) provided that negotiations are interrupted by paralysis.
(D) for fear that the contending factions become paralyzed.
(E) in case the countries’ negotiation skills help overcome paralysis.
Comentários e Gabarito D
The fragment “…lest paralysis take hold.” (lines 20-21) can be rephrased without change in meaning by
O fragmento “...para que a paralisia não se instale”. podem ser reformuladas sem mudança de significado por
(A) in order to prevent negotiations from occurring.
(A) in order to prevent negotiations from occurring.
para evitar que as negociações ocorram.
(B) so that paralysis holds the competing parties together.
para que a paralisia mantenha as partes concorrentes unidas.
(C) provided that negotiations are interrupted by paralysis.
(C) provided that negotiations are interrupted by paralysis.
desde que as negociações sejam interrompidas pela paralisia.
(D) for fear that the contending factions become paralyzed.
(D) for fear that the contending factions become paralyzed.
por medo de que as facções em conflito fiquem paralisadas.
(E) in case the countries’ negotiation skills help overcome paralysis.
(E) in case the countries’ negotiation skills help overcome paralysis.
caso as capacidades de negociação dos países ajudem a superar a paralisia.
05 – (PUC/RIO-2014-VESTIBULAR-RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
The author claims that “Brazil lacks a history of conquest or imperial domination.” (lines 30-31) to support the idea that
(A) the country is not a threat to the security of other South American countries and thus cannot hold a conciliatory position among nations.
(B) the armed forces of the country are only enough to ensure national security and not ready for armed invasions or struggles in other territories.
(C) the country’s absence of abundant military forces adds to its strength as a brigde-builder which can guarantee stability in facing tensions between nations.
(D) there are growing tensions between the North and the South American countries that Brazil cannot deal with.
(E) the stability and predictability of Brazil’s foreign policy will not assist its goal of conquering the neighboring countries.
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
The author claims that “Brazil lacks a history of conquest or imperial domination.” (lines 30-31) to support the idea that
(A) the country is not a threat to the security of other South American countries and thus cannot hold a conciliatory position among nations.
(B) the armed forces of the country are only enough to ensure national security and not ready for armed invasions or struggles in other territories.
(C) the country’s absence of abundant military forces adds to its strength as a brigde-builder which can guarantee stability in facing tensions between nations.
(D) there are growing tensions between the North and the South American countries that Brazil cannot deal with.
(E) the stability and predictability of Brazil’s foreign policy will not assist its goal of conquering the neighboring countries.
Comentários e Gabarito C
The author claims that “Brazil lacks a history of conquest or imperial domination.” (lines 30-31) to support the idea that
O autor afirma que “o Brasil carece de uma história de conquista ou de dominação imperial”. para apoiar a ideia de que
(A) the country is not a threat to the security of other South American countries and thus cannot hold a conciliatory position among nations.
(A) the country is not a threat to the security of other South American countries and thus cannot hold a conciliatory position among nations.
o país não representa uma ameaça à segurança de outros países sul-americanos e, portanto, não pode manter uma posição conciliatória entre as nações.
(B) the armed forces of the country are only enough to ensure national security and not ready for armed invasions or struggles in other territories.
(B) the armed forces of the country are only enough to ensure national security and not ready for armed invasions or struggles in other territories.
as forças armadas do país são suficientes apenas para garantir a segurança nacional e não estão preparadas para invasões armadas ou lutas em outros territórios.
(C) the country’s absence of abundant military forces adds to its strength as a brigde-builder which can guarantee stability in facing tensions between nations.
(C) the country’s absence of abundant military forces adds to its strength as a brigde-builder which can guarantee stability in facing tensions between nations.
a ausência de forças militares abundantes no país aumenta a sua força como construtor de pontes que pode garantir a estabilidade no enfrentamento das tensões entre as nações.
(D) there are growing tensions between the North and the South American countries that Brazil cannot deal with.
(D) there are growing tensions between the North and the South American countries that Brazil cannot deal with.
há tensões crescentes entre os países da América do Norte e do Sul com as quais o Brasil não consegue lidar.
(E) the stability and predictability of Brazil’s foreign policy will not assist its goal of conquering the neighboring countries.
(E) the stability and predictability of Brazil’s foreign policy will not assist its goal of conquering the neighboring countries.
a estabilidade e a previsibilidade da política externa do Brasil não contribuirão para o seu objetivo de conquistar os países vizinhos.
06 – (PUC/RIO-2014-VESTIBULAR-RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
Based on the meanings of the words in Paragraph 2, it can be said that
(A) amplified (line 28) and weakened are synonymous.
Based on the meanings of the words in Paragraph 2, it can be said that
(A) amplified (line 28) and weakened are synonymous.
(B) vouchsafe (line 34) and withhold have identical
meanings.
(C) ensure (line 37) and guarantee have opposite meanings.
(D) contends (line 40) and argues express similar ideas.
(E) casts (line 48) and projects are antonymous.
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
(C) ensure (line 37) and guarantee have opposite meanings.
(D) contends (line 40) and argues express similar ideas.
(E) casts (line 48) and projects are antonymous.
Comentários e Gabarito D
Based on the meanings of the words in Paragraph 2, it can be said that
Com base no significado das palavras do parágrafo 2, pode-se dizer que
(A) amplified (line 28) and weakened are synonymous.
amplificado (linha 28) e enfraquecido são sinônimos.
(B) vouchsafe (line 34) and withhold have identical meanings.
vouchsafe (linha 34) e reter têm significados idênticos.
(C) ensure (line 37) and guarantee have opposite meanings.
(C) ensure (line 37) and guarantee have opposite meanings.
assegurar (linha 37) e garantir têm significados opostos.
(D) contends (line 40) and argues express similar ideas.
(D) contends (line 40) and argues express similar ideas.
afirma (linha 40) e argumenta que expressam ideias semelhantes.
(E) casts (line 48) and projects are antonymous.
(E) casts (line 48) and projects are antonymous.
elencos (linha 48) e projetos são antônimos.
07 – (PUC/RIO-2014-VESTIBULAR-RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
In the fragments “the country exports advanced passenger aircraft and high fashion design while simultaneously grappling with tens of millions struggling to survive in poverty” (lines 10-13) and “The ability of Brazilian diplomats to carry off this double identity rests in the country’s carefully constructed position as the intermediate or bridging ground between the South and the North.” (lines 52-55), ‘grappling with’ and carry off’ mean, respectively:
(A) dealing with – assume
(B) suppressing – get through
(C) drawing away – achieve
(D) withstanding – give up
(E) coping with – neglect
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
In the fragments “the country exports advanced passenger aircraft and high fashion design while simultaneously grappling with tens of millions struggling to survive in poverty” (lines 10-13) and “The ability of Brazilian diplomats to carry off this double identity rests in the country’s carefully constructed position as the intermediate or bridging ground between the South and the North.” (lines 52-55), ‘grappling with’ and carry off’ mean, respectively:
(A) dealing with – assume
(B) suppressing – get through
(C) drawing away – achieve
(D) withstanding – give up
(E) coping with – neglect
Comentários e Gabarito A
In the fragments “the country exports advanced passenger aircraft and high fashion design while simultaneously grappling with tens of millions struggling to survive in poverty” (lines 10-13) and “The ability of Brazilian diplomats to carry off this double identity rests in the country’s carefully constructed position as the intermediate or bridging ground between the South and the North.” (lines 52-55), ‘grappling with’ and carry off’ mean, respectively:
(A) dealing with – assume
(A) dealing with – assume
lidar com – presumir
(B) suppressing – get through
(B) suppressing – get through
suprimir – passar
(C) drawing away – achieve
(C) drawing away – achieve
afastar-se – alcançar
(D) withstanding – give up
(D) withstanding – give up
resistir a– desistir
(E) coping with – neglect
(E) coping with – neglect
lidar com – negligênciar
08 – (PUC/RIO-2014-VESTIBULAR-RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
The argumentation presented in the fragment “The sort
of institutional machinations seen in the inter-American
system and the UN form an important part of the foreign
policy strategy of making Brazil the conduit for regional
coordination and wider pan-southern interaction.” (lines
102-106) reveals
(A) a hypothesis to be refuted.
(B) an attitude to achieve a specific result.
(C) an emphatic support of an illegal tactic.
(D) a comparison between different methods.
(E) the solution to an insurmountable problem.
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
(A) a hypothesis to be refuted.
(B) an attitude to achieve a specific result.
(C) an emphatic support of an illegal tactic.
(D) a comparison between different methods.
(E) the solution to an insurmountable problem.
Comentários e Gabarito B
The argumentation presented in the fragment “The sort of institutional machinations seen in the inter-American system and the UN form an important part of the foreign policy strategy of making Brazil the conduit for regional coordination and wider pan-southern interaction.” (lines 102-106) reveals
A argumentação apresentada no fragmento “O tipo de maquinações institucionais vistas no sistema interamericano e na ONU constituem uma parte importante da estratégia de política externa de tornar o Brasil o canal para a coordenação regional e uma interação pan-sul mais ampla”. (linhas 102-106) revela
(A) a hypothesis to be refuted.
(A) a hypothesis to be refuted.
uma hipótese a ser refutada.
(B) an attitude to achieve a specific result.
(B) an attitude to achieve a specific result.
uma atitude para alcançar um resultado específico.
(C) an emphatic support of an illegal tactic.
(C) an emphatic support of an illegal tactic.
um apoio enfático a uma tática ilegal.
(D) a comparison between different methods.
(D) a comparison between different methods.
uma comparação entre diferentes métodos.
(E) the solution to an insurmountable problem.
(E) the solution to an insurmountable problem.
a solução para um problema intransponível.
09 – (PUC/RIO-2014-VESTIBULAR-RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
In the fragment “But when examined on a deeper level, the country bears more resemblance to a distributive, value-claiming actor.” (lines 50-52) the expression ‘to bear resemblance to’ means
(A) to contrast with.
(B) to be similar to.
(C) to be different from.
(D) to be incompatible with.
(E) to show unlikeness with.
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
In the fragment “But when examined on a deeper level, the country bears more resemblance to a distributive, value-claiming actor.” (lines 50-52) the expression ‘to bear resemblance to’ means
(A) to contrast with.
(B) to be similar to.
(C) to be different from.
(D) to be incompatible with.
(E) to show unlikeness with.
Comentários e Gabarito B
In the fragment “But when examined on a deeper level, the country bears more resemblance to a distributive, value-claiming actor.” (lines 50-52) the expression ‘to bear resemblance to’ means
No fragmento “Mas quando examinado a um nível mais profundo, o país assemelha-se mais a um actor distributivo e reivindicador de valores”. (linhas 50-52) a expressão ‘ter semelhança com’ significa
(A) to contrast with.
(A) to contrast with.
contrastar.
(B) to be similar to.
(B) to be similar to.
ser semelhante a.
(C) to be different from.
(C) to be different from.
ser diferente de.
(D) to be incompatible with.
(D) to be incompatible with.
ser incompatível com.
(E) to show unlikeness with.
(E) to show unlikeness with.
mostrar dessemelhança com.
10 – (PUC/RIO-2014-VESTIBULAR-RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
The word in bold is substituted by the word in parentheses, without change in meaning, in
(A) “…because the competing interests found in global talks have been reconciled during the formulation of their own national position.” – lines 24-26 (meanwhile)
(B) “It would thus seem that Brazil is ideally positioned to be the prototypical bridge-builder,” – lines 35-37 (furthermore)
(C) “…working diligently to ensure stability and predictability in the face of rising tensions between major powers as well as the North and the global South.” – lines 37-40 (at the expense of)
(D) “but rather to gain an important seat with decisioninfluencing power that will allow the advancement of its own interests while retarding initiatives it sees as inimical.” – lines 83-86 (whenever)
(E) “Brazil’s core interests and ambitions align remarkably well with those of other major powers; and, moreover, pursuit of these interests has been undertaken…” – lines 162-165 (besides)
Comentários e Gabarito E
The word in bold is substituted by the word in parentheses, without change in meaning, in
A palavra em negrito é substituída pela palavra entre parênteses, sem alteração de significado, em
(A) “…because the competing interests found in global talks have been reconciled during the formulation of their own national position.” – lines 24-26 (meanwhile)
(A) “…because the competing interests found in global talks have been reconciled during the formulation of their own national position.” – lines 24-26 (meanwhile)
“…porque os interesses concorrentes encontrados nas negociações globais foram reconciliados durante a formulação da sua própria posição nacional.” – linhas 24-26 (enquanto isso)
(B) “It would thus seem that Brazil is ideally positioned to be the prototypical bridge-builder,” – lines 35-37 (furthermore)
(B) “It would thus seem that Brazil is ideally positioned to be the prototypical bridge-builder,” – lines 35-37 (furthermore)
Pareceria, portanto, que o Brasil está idealmente posicionado para ser o protótipo do construtor de pontes” – linhas 35-37 (além disso)
(C) “…working diligently to ensure stability and predictability in the face of rising tensions between major powers as well as the North and the global South.” – lines 37-40 (at the expense of)
(C) “…working diligently to ensure stability and predictability in the face of rising tensions between major powers as well as the North and the global South.” – lines 37-40 (at the expense of)
“…trabalhar diligentemente para garantir a estabilidade e a previsibilidade face às tensões crescentes entre as grandes potências, bem como entre o Norte e o Sul global.” – linhas 37-40 (às custas de)
(D) “but rather to gain an important seat with decisioninfluencing power that will allow the advancement of its own interests while retarding initiatives it sees as inimical.” – lines 83-86 (whenever)
(D) “but rather to gain an important seat with decisioninfluencing power that will allow the advancement of its own interests while retarding initiatives it sees as inimical.” – lines 83-86 (whenever)
“mas sim para ganhar um assento importante com poder de influência de decisões que permitirá o avanço dos seus próprios interesses, ao mesmo tempo que retarda iniciativas que considera hostis”. – linhas 83-86 (sempre)
(E) “Brazil’s core interests and ambitions align remarkably well with those of other major powers; and, moreover, pursuit of these interests has been undertaken…” – lines 162-165 (besides)
(E) “Brazil’s core interests and ambitions align remarkably well with those of other major powers; and, moreover, pursuit of these interests has been undertaken…” – lines 162-165 (besides)
“Os principais interesses e ambições do Brasil alinham-se notavelmente bem com os de outras grandes potências; e, além disso, a prossecução desses interesses foi empreendida…” – linhas 162-165 (além)
In terms of pronominal reference,
(A) ‘This’ in “This translates on a formal level into a highly juridical culture with strong contending regional and political factions…” (lines 17-19) refers to “avenue” (line 16)
(B) ‘They’ in “Brazil’s preference is that they cause little alteration in the core rules and regimes” (lines 139-140) refers to “power and influence” (lines 138-139)
(C) ‘Which’ in “which have a reputation for often using a blunt stick and a very small carrot to gain consent.” (lines 158-160) refers to “issues” (line 157)
(D) ‘Those’ in “...align remarkably well with those of other
major powers” (lines 163-164) refers to “interests and
ambitions” (line 163)
(E) ‘Their’ in “learn a new variation on their existing themes of global governance.” (lines 170-171) refers to “issues” (line 168)
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
(E) ‘Their’ in “learn a new variation on their existing themes of global governance.” (lines 170-171) refers to “issues” (line 168)
Comentários e Gabarito D
(A) ‘This’ in “This translates on a formal level into a highly juridical culture with strong contending regional and political factions…” (lines 17-19) refers to “avenue” (line 16)
‘Isto’ em “Isto se traduz em um nível formal em uma cultura altamente jurídica com fortes facções regionais e políticas em conflito…” (linhas 17-19) refere-se a “avenida” (linha 16)
(B) ‘They’ in “Brazil’s preference is that they cause little alteration in the core rules and regimes” (lines 139-140) refers to “power and influence” (lines 138-139)
(B) ‘They’ in “Brazil’s preference is that they cause little alteration in the core rules and regimes” (lines 139-140) refers to “power and influence” (lines 138-139)
‘Eles’ em “A preferência do Brasil é que causem pouca alteração nas regras e regimes básicos” (linhas 139-140) refere-se a “poder e influência” (linhas 138-139)
(C) ‘Which’ in “which have a reputation for often using a blunt stick and a very small carrot to gain consent.” (lines 158-160) refers to “issues” (line 157)
(C) ‘Which’ in “which have a reputation for often using a blunt stick and a very small carrot to gain consent.” (lines 158-160) refers to “issues” (line 157)
‘Qual’ em “que têm a reputação de usar frequentemente um bastão rombudo e uma cenoura muito pequena para obter consentimento”. (linhas 158-160) refere-se a “questões” (linha 157)
(D) ‘Those’ in “...align remarkably well with those of other major powers” (lines 163-164) refers to “interests and ambitions” (line 163)
‘Aqueles’ em “...alinham-se notavelmente bem com os de outras grandes potências” (linhas 163-164) refere-se a “interesses e ambições” (linha 163)
(E) ‘Their’ in “learn a new variation on their existing themes of global governance.” (lines 170-171) refers to “issues” (line 168)
(E) ‘Their’ in “learn a new variation on their existing themes of global governance.” (lines 170-171) refers to “issues” (line 168)
‘Seus’ em “aprender uma nova variação sobre os temas existentes de governação global”. (linhas 170-171) refere-se a “questões” (linha 168)
12 – (PUC/RIO-2014-VESTIBULAR-RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
In “…invitations to participate or approaches to consult on policy issues need to be rethought.” (lines 149-151), the writer expresses a(an)
(A) logical necessity.
(B) improbable guess.
(C) slight probability.
(D) concrete possibility.
(E) unquestionable truth.
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
In “…invitations to participate or approaches to consult on policy issues need to be rethought.” (lines 149-151), the writer expresses a(an)
(A) logical necessity.
(B) improbable guess.
(C) slight probability.
(D) concrete possibility.
(E) unquestionable truth.
Comentários e Gabarito A
In “…invitations to participate or approaches to consult on policy issues need to be rethought.” (lines 149-151), the writer expresses a(an)
Em “…convites para participação ou abordagens para consultas sobre questões políticas precisam ser repensados.” , o escritor expressa um(uma)
(A) logical necessity.
(A) logical necessity.
necessidade lógica.
(B) improbable guess.
(B) improbable guess.
suposição improvável.
(C) slight probability.
(C) slight probability.
pequena probabilidade.
(D) concrete possibility.
(D) concrete possibility.
possibilidade concreta.
(E) unquestionable truth.
(E) unquestionable truth.
verdade inquestionável.
13 – (PUC/RIO-2014-VESTIBULAR-RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
In the fragment “For the last 20 years Itamaraty has been working to position Brazil as a leader of first South America and then the global South.” (lines 100-102), ‘has been working’ expresses
(A) a finished action in the past.
(B) an action that finished very recently.
(C) an action in progress at a moment in the past.
In the fragment “For the last 20 years Itamaraty has been working to position Brazil as a leader of first South America and then the global South.” (lines 100-102), ‘has been working’ expresses
(A) a finished action in the past.
(B) an action that finished very recently.
(C) an action in progress at a moment in the past.
(D) a past action which has a result in the present.
(E) an action which started in the past and continues in the present.
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICOS - PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS :
(E) an action which started in the past and continues in the present.
Comentários e Gabarito E
In the fragment “For the last 20 years Itamaraty has been working to position Brazil as a leader of first South America and then the global South.” (lines 100-102), ‘has been working’ expresses
No fragmento “Há 20 anos o Itamaraty vem trabalhando para posicionar o Brasil como líder primeiro da América do Sul e depois do Sul global”., ‘has been working’ expressa
(A) a finished action in the past.
(A) a finished action in the past.
uma ação concluída no passado.
(B) an action that finished very recently.
(B) an action that finished very recently.
uma ação que terminou muito recentemente.
(C) an action in progress at a moment in the past.
(C) an action in progress at a moment in the past.
uma ação em andamento em um momento no passado.
(D) a past action which has a result in the present.
uma ação passada que tem um resultado no presente.
(E) an action which started in the past and continues in the present.
(E) an action which started in the past and continues in the present.
uma ação que começou no passado e continua no presente.
14 – (PUC/RIO-2014-VESTIBULAR-RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
An appropriate explanation of the expression taken from the text is found in
(A) “value-creating negotiator” (line 49) refers to Brazil as a mediator that values international creations.
(B) “decision-making tables” (line 83) refers to decisions that are made under the table.
(C) “decision-influencing power” (lines 84-85) conveys the idea of an authority that dominates the nations that decide.
(D) “long-standing ambition” (line 87) conveys the idea of an ambition that is enduring.
(E) “wider pan-southern interaction” (line 106) conveys the idea of pan-southern countries that are unwilling to relate to each other.
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
An appropriate explanation of the expression taken from the text is found in
(A) “value-creating negotiator” (line 49) refers to Brazil as a mediator that values international creations.
(B) “decision-making tables” (line 83) refers to decisions that are made under the table.
(C) “decision-influencing power” (lines 84-85) conveys the idea of an authority that dominates the nations that decide.
(D) “long-standing ambition” (line 87) conveys the idea of an ambition that is enduring.
(E) “wider pan-southern interaction” (line 106) conveys the idea of pan-southern countries that are unwilling to relate to each other.
Comentários e Gabarito D
An appropriate explanation of the expression taken from the text is found in
Uma explicação apropriada da expressão extraída do texto é encontrada em
(A) “value-creating negotiator” (line 49) refers to Brazil as a mediator that values international creations.
(A) “value-creating negotiator” (line 49) refers to Brazil as a mediator that values international creations.
“negociador criador de valor” (linha 49) refere-se ao Brasil como um mediador que valoriza as criações internacionais.
(B) “decision-making tables” (line 83) refers to decisions that are made under the table.
(B) “decision-making tables” (line 83) refers to decisions that are made under the table.
“tabelas de tomada de decisão” (linha 83) refere-se a decisões que são tomadas debaixo da mesa.
(C) “decision-influencing power” (lines 84-85) conveys the idea of an authority that dominates the nations that decide.
(C) “decision-influencing power” (lines 84-85) conveys the idea of an authority that dominates the nations that decide.
“poder de influência na decisão” (linhas 84-85) transmite a ideia de uma autoridade que domina as nações que decidem.
(D) “long-standing ambition” (line 87) conveys the idea of an ambition that is enduring.
(D) “long-standing ambition” (line 87) conveys the idea of an ambition that is enduring.
“ambição de longa data” (linha 87) transmite a ideia de uma ambição duradoura.
(E) “wider pan-southern interaction” (line 106) conveys the idea of pan-southern countries that are unwilling to relate to each other.
(E) “wider pan-southern interaction” (line 106) conveys the idea of pan-southern countries that are unwilling to relate to each other.
“interacção pan-sul mais ampla” (linha 106) transmite a ideia de países pan-sul que não estão dispostos a relacionar-se entre si.
15 – (PUC/RIO-2014-VESTIBULAR-RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
The fragment “Brazilian musician Tom Jobim’s line that ‘Brazil is not for beginners’” (lines 143-144) is used by the author to
(A) contest Tom Jobim’s statement with the counterarguments that Brazilian foreign policy is totally transparent.
(B) justify that Itamaraty is eager to communicate new ideas of which the dissemination of Brazilian culture and music is essential.
(C) reinforce the idea that Brazil is not always easy to understand since the essence of its foreign policy issues lies beyond superficial impressions.
(D) make an appealing literary reference for international readers to understand how Brazilian musicians in general view their own society.
(E) reveal that Brazilian policy makers strictly endorse northern Atlantic viewpoints in addressing international affairs that are discussed in the Itamaraty rounds.
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
The fragment “Brazilian musician Tom Jobim’s line that ‘Brazil is not for beginners’” (lines 143-144) is used by the author to
(A) contest Tom Jobim’s statement with the counterarguments that Brazilian foreign policy is totally transparent.
(B) justify that Itamaraty is eager to communicate new ideas of which the dissemination of Brazilian culture and music is essential.
(C) reinforce the idea that Brazil is not always easy to understand since the essence of its foreign policy issues lies beyond superficial impressions.
(D) make an appealing literary reference for international readers to understand how Brazilian musicians in general view their own society.
(E) reveal that Brazilian policy makers strictly endorse northern Atlantic viewpoints in addressing international affairs that are discussed in the Itamaraty rounds.
Comentários e Gabarito C
The fragment “Brazilian musician Tom Jobim’s line that ‘Brazil is not for beginners’” (lines 143-144) is used by the author to
O fragmento “A fala do músico brasileiro Tom Jobim de que ‘O Brasil não é para iniciantes’” (linhas 143-144) é utilizado pelo autor para
(A) contest Tom Jobim’s statement with the counterarguments that Brazilian foreign policy is totally transparent.
(A) contest Tom Jobim’s statement with the counterarguments that Brazilian foreign policy is totally transparent.
contestar a afirmação de Tom Jobim com os contra-argumentos de que a política externa brasileira é totalmente transparente.
(B) justify that Itamaraty is eager to communicate new ideas of which the dissemination of Brazilian culture and music is essential.
(B) justify that Itamaraty is eager to communicate new ideas of which the dissemination of Brazilian culture and music is essential.
justificar que o Itamaraty está ansioso para comunicar novas ideias das quais a divulgação da cultura e da música brasileira é essencial.
(C) reinforce the idea that Brazil is not always easy to understand since the essence of its foreign policy issues lies beyond superficial impressions.
(C) reinforce the idea that Brazil is not always easy to understand since the essence of its foreign policy issues lies beyond superficial impressions.
reforçar a ideia de que o Brasil nem sempre é fácil de entender, pois a essência de suas questões de política externa está além de impressões superficiais.
(D) make an appealing literary reference for international readers to understand how Brazilian musicians in general view their own society.
(D) make an appealing literary reference for international readers to understand how Brazilian musicians in general view their own society.
fazer uma referência literária atraente para que leitores internacionais entendam como os músicos brasileiros em geral veem sua própria sociedade.
(E) reveal that Brazilian policy makers strictly endorse northern Atlantic viewpoints in addressing international affairs that are discussed in the Itamaraty rounds.
(E) reveal that Brazilian policy makers strictly endorse northern Atlantic viewpoints in addressing international affairs that are discussed in the Itamaraty rounds.
revelam que os legisladores brasileiros endossam estritamente os pontos de vista do Atlântico Norte ao abordar assuntos internacionais que são discutidos nas rodadas do Itamaraty.
16 – (PUC/RIO-2014-VESTIBULAR-RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
In “The interesting point is that this may present more of an opportunity than a threat…” (lines 160-161), ‘may present’ is replaced without change in meaning by
(A) can present.
(B) will present.
(C) should present.
(D) has to present.
(E) needs to present.
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
In “The interesting point is that this may present more of an opportunity than a threat…” (lines 160-161), ‘may present’ is replaced without change in meaning by
(A) can present.
(B) will present.
(C) should present.
(D) has to present.
(E) needs to present.
Comentários e Gabarito A
In “The interesting point is that this may present more of an opportunity than a threat…” (lines 160-161), ‘may present’ is replaced without change in meaning by
Em “O ponto interessante é que isto pode representar mais uma oportunidade do que uma ameaça…” (linhas 160-161), “pode apresentar” é substituído sem mudança de significado por
(A) can present.
(A) can present.
pode apresentar.
(B) will present.
(B) will present.
apresentará.
(C) should present.
(C) should present.
deveria apresentar.
(D) has to present.
(D) has to present.
tem que apresentar.
(E) needs to present.
(E) needs to present.
precisa apresentar.
17 – (PUC/RIO-2014-VESTIBULAR-RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
In the last section of the article, lines 151-171, the author states that
(A) Brazil’s diplomatic attitude is a huge menace to the international policies adopted by the powerful nations of the globe.
(B) Brazil’s perspective on international issues at present is quite aligned with that undertaken by all of the traditional powerful nations of the northern hemisphere.
(C) the Brazilian foreign affairs ministry is very good at negotiating and leading different nations into a consensual position, as long as this perspective is aligned with its own.
(D) nations in the North which have held powerful positions internationally have employed very impressive and efficient approaches to reach global consensus on relevant issues.
(E) Brazil will only be a beneficial player in international issues if nations from the North maintain their own stand in issues that involve economic and financial negotiations.
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
In the last section of the article, lines 151-171, the author states that
(A) Brazil’s diplomatic attitude is a huge menace to the international policies adopted by the powerful nations of the globe.
(B) Brazil’s perspective on international issues at present is quite aligned with that undertaken by all of the traditional powerful nations of the northern hemisphere.
(C) the Brazilian foreign affairs ministry is very good at negotiating and leading different nations into a consensual position, as long as this perspective is aligned with its own.
(D) nations in the North which have held powerful positions internationally have employed very impressive and efficient approaches to reach global consensus on relevant issues.
(E) Brazil will only be a beneficial player in international issues if nations from the North maintain their own stand in issues that involve economic and financial negotiations.
Comentários e Gabarito C
In the last section of the article, lines 151-171, the author states that
Na última seção do artigo, linhas 151-171, o autor afirma que
(A) Brazil’s diplomatic attitude is a huge menace to the international policies adopted by the powerful nations of the globe.
(A) Brazil’s diplomatic attitude is a huge menace to the international policies adopted by the powerful nations of the globe.
A atitude diplomática do Brasil é uma enorme ameaça às políticas internacionais adotadas pelas nações poderosas do globo.
(B) Brazil’s perspective on international issues at present is quite aligned with that undertaken by all of the traditional powerful nations of the northern hemisphere.
(B) Brazil’s perspective on international issues at present is quite aligned with that undertaken by all of the traditional powerful nations of the northern hemisphere.
A perspectiva do Brasil sobre questões internacionais atualmente está bastante alinhada com aquela empreendida por todas as nações poderosas tradicionais do hemisfério norte.
(C) the Brazilian foreign affairs ministry is very good at negotiating and leading different nations into a consensual position, as long as this perspective is aligned with its own.
(C) the Brazilian foreign affairs ministry is very good at negotiating and leading different nations into a consensual position, as long as this perspective is aligned with its own.
o Itamaraty é muito bom em negociar e conduzir diferentes nações a uma posição consensual, desde que essa perspectiva esteja alinhada com a sua.
(D) nations in the North which have held powerful positions internationally have employed very impressive and efficient approaches to reach global consensus on relevant issues.
(D) nations in the North which have held powerful positions internationally have employed very impressive and efficient approaches to reach global consensus on relevant issues.
as nações do Norte que ocuparam posições poderosas a nível internacional empregaram abordagens muito impressionantes e eficientes para alcançar um consenso global sobre questões relevantes.
(E) Brazil will only be a beneficial player in international issues if nations from the North maintain their own stand in issues that involve economic and financial negotiations.
(E) Brazil will only be a beneficial player in international issues if nations from the North maintain their own stand in issues that involve economic and financial negotiations.
O Brasil só será um ator benéfico nas questões internacionais se as nações do Norte mantiverem sua própria posição em questões que envolvam negociações econômicas e financeiras.
18 – (PUC/RIO-2014-VESTIBULAR-RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
The text ‘Brazil as a bridge between old and new powers?’ has been extracted from a text published in the periodical International Affairs, issue nº 89. The issue, as stated by the editors in an introductory article, ‘… has been divided into two parts. Part one comprises case-studies of three rising powers — Brazil, India and China — while the articles in part two cover the various actors and entities that have reason and/or ability to attempt to manage the rise of new powers. (…) These multiple actors may be grouped into four categories…
The text ‘Brazil as a bridge between old and new powers?’ has been extracted from a text published in the periodical International Affairs, issue nº 89. The issue, as stated by the editors in an introductory article, ‘… has been divided into two parts. Part one comprises case-studies of three rising powers — Brazil, India and China — while the articles in part two cover the various actors and entities that have reason and/or ability to attempt to manage the rise of new powers. (…) These multiple actors may be grouped into four categories…
The following definitions were given in the introductory article for each of the categories:
1. This group comprises states and groupings of states that have acquired, over the past decades, the role of agendasetters as Great Powers. They have exerted defining influence in shaping the rules and norms of global governance.
Despite their relative decline (especially with reference to the rising powers), they still have enough power to act as
gatekeepers to the inner sanctums of international regimes.
2. In this category are the countries that represent the proverbial grass that gets trampled when elephants fight. They often form the unfortunate terrain on which scrambles for power can occur, but are also occasionally able to exercise powerful leverage by providing the follower base that aspiring leaders seek, and legitimize claims to greater power by securing for those leaders the backing of large numbers.
3. As the shift in the balance of power that we see under way today is not occurring simply between states, this category includes businesses and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that have emerged as repositories and brokers of power, effectively harnessed by states at different levels of the hierarchy and harnessing them to serve their own causes in turn.
4. This category recognizes that most international organizations, regimes and networks are seldom ‘actors’ in their own right. But different organizations, networks and regimes, even when made up of similar memberships, show different degrees of adaptability and reform in response to the needs and demands posed by rising powers.
2. In this category are the countries that represent the proverbial grass that gets trampled when elephants fight. They often form the unfortunate terrain on which scrambles for power can occur, but are also occasionally able to exercise powerful leverage by providing the follower base that aspiring leaders seek, and legitimize claims to greater power by securing for those leaders the backing of large numbers.
3. As the shift in the balance of power that we see under way today is not occurring simply between states, this category includes businesses and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that have emerged as repositories and brokers of power, effectively harnessed by states at different levels of the hierarchy and harnessing them to serve their own causes in turn.
4. This category recognizes that most international organizations, regimes and networks are seldom ‘actors’ in their own right. But different organizations, networks and regimes, even when made up of similar memberships, show different degrees of adaptability and reform in response to the needs and demands posed by rising powers.
The sequence that matches the category with its definition is:
(A)
(A)
1. The established powers
2. Small and marginalized actors
3. Private actors
4. International organizations and other mechanisms of global Governance
(B)
1. Small and marginalized actors
2. The established powers
3. International organizations and other mechanisms of global Governance
4. Private actors
(C)
1. International organizations and other mechanisms of global Governance
2. Small and marginalized actors
3. The established powers
4. Private actors
(D)
1. The established powers
2. Private actors
3. Small and marginalized actors
4. International organizations and other mechanisms of global Governance
(E)
1. Small and marginalized actors
2. Private actors
3. International organizations and other mechanisms of global Governance
4. The established powers
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
2. Small and marginalized actors
3. Private actors
4. International organizations and other mechanisms of global Governance
(B)
1. Small and marginalized actors
2. The established powers
3. International organizations and other mechanisms of global Governance
4. Private actors
(C)
1. International organizations and other mechanisms of global Governance
2. Small and marginalized actors
3. The established powers
4. Private actors
(D)
1. The established powers
2. Private actors
3. Small and marginalized actors
4. International organizations and other mechanisms of global Governance
(E)
1. Small and marginalized actors
2. Private actors
3. International organizations and other mechanisms of global Governance
4. The established powers
Comentários e Gabarito A
The text ‘Brazil as a bridge between old and new powers?’ has been extracted from a text published in the periodical International Affairs, issue nº 89. The issue, as stated by the editors in an introductory article, ‘… has been divided into two parts. Part one comprises case-studies of three rising powers — Brazil, India and China — while the articles in part two cover the various actors and entities that have reason and/or ability to attempt to manage the rise of new powers. (…) These multiple actors may be grouped into four categories…
O texto 'O Brasil como ponte entre velhas e novas potências?' foi extraído de texto publicado no periódico International Affairs, edição nº 89. A edição, como afirmam os editores em artigo introdutório, '...foi dividida em duas partes. A primeira parte compreende estudos de caso de três potências em ascensão — Brasil, Índia e China — enquanto os artigos da segunda parte cobrem os vários intervenientes e entidades que têm razão e/ou capacidade para tentar gerir a ascensão de novas potências. (…) Estes múltiplos atores podem ser agrupados em quatro categorias…
The following definitions were given in the introductory article for each of the categories:
As seguintes definições foram fornecidas no artigo introdutório para cada uma das categorias:
1. This group comprises states and groupings of states that have acquired, over the past decades, the role of agendasetters as Great Powers. They have exerted defining influence in shaping the rules and norms of global governance. Despite their relative decline (especially with reference to the rising powers), they still have enough power to act as gatekeepers to the inner sanctums of international regimes.
Este grupo compreende estados e agrupamentos de estados que adquiriram, ao longo das últimas décadas, o papel de agendasetters como Grandes Potências. Eles exerceram uma influência decisiva na definição das regras e normas da governação global. Apesar do seu declínio relativo (especialmente no que se refere às potências emergentes), ainda têm poder suficiente para atuar como guardiões dos santuários internos dos regimes internacionais.
2. In this category are the countries that represent the proverbial grass that gets trampled when elephants fight. They often form the unfortunate terrain on which scrambles for power can occur, but are also occasionally able to exercise powerful leverage by providing the follower base that aspiring leaders seek, and legitimize claims to greater power by securing for those leaders the backing of large numbers.
2. In this category are the countries that represent the proverbial grass that gets trampled when elephants fight. They often form the unfortunate terrain on which scrambles for power can occur, but are also occasionally able to exercise powerful leverage by providing the follower base that aspiring leaders seek, and legitimize claims to greater power by securing for those leaders the backing of large numbers.
Nesta categoria estão os países que representam a proverbial erva que é pisoteada quando os elefantes lutam. Constituem frequentemente o terreno infeliz onde podem ocorrer lutas pelo poder, mas também são ocasionalmente capazes de exercer uma influência poderosa, fornecendo a base de seguidores que os aspirantes a líderes procuram, e legitimando reivindicações de maior poder, assegurando a esses líderes o apoio de um grande número.
3. As the shift in the balance of power that we see under way today is not occurring simply between states, this category includes businesses and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that have emerged as repositories and brokers of power, effectively harnessed by states at different levels of the hierarchy and harnessing them to serve their own causes in turn.
3. As the shift in the balance of power that we see under way today is not occurring simply between states, this category includes businesses and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that have emerged as repositories and brokers of power, effectively harnessed by states at different levels of the hierarchy and harnessing them to serve their own causes in turn.
Como a mudança no equilíbrio de poder que vemos hoje em curso não está a ocorrer simplesmente entre Estados, esta categoria inclui empresas e organizações não governamentais (ONG) que surgiram como repositórios e intermediários de poder, efetivamente controlados pelos Estados em diferentes níveis da hierarquia e aproveitá-los para servir às suas próprias causas.
4. This category recognizes that most international organizations, regimes and networks are seldom ‘actors’ in their own right. But different organizations, networks and regimes, even when made up of similar memberships, show different degrees of adaptability and reform in response to the needs and demands posed by rising powers.
Esta categoria reconhece que a maioria das organizações, regimes e redes internacionais raramente são “actores” por direito próprio. Mas diferentes organizações, redes e regimes, mesmo quando constituídos por membros semelhantes, mostram diferentes graus de adaptabilidade e reforma em resposta às necessidades e exigências colocadas pelas potências emergentes.
4. This category recognizes that most international organizations, regimes and networks are seldom ‘actors’ in their own right. But different organizations, networks and regimes, even when made up of similar memberships, show different degrees of adaptability and reform in response to the needs and demands posed by rising powers.
Esta categoria reconhece que a maioria das organizações, regimes e redes internacionais raramente são “actores” por direito próprio. Mas diferentes organizações, redes e regimes, mesmo quando constituídos por membros semelhantes, mostram diferentes graus de adaptabilidade e reforma em resposta às necessidades e exigências colocadas pelas potências emergentes.
The sequence that matches the category with its definition is:
A sequência que corresponde à categoria com sua definição é:
(A)
1. The established powers
2. Small and marginalized actors
3. Private actors
4. International organizations and other mechanisms of global Governance
2. Small and marginalized actors
3. Private actors
4. International organizations and other mechanisms of global Governance
1. As competências estabelecidas
2. Atores pequenos e marginalizados
3. Atores privados
4. Organizações internacionais e outros mecanismos de governação global
(B)1. Small and marginalized actors
2. The established powers
3. International organizations and other mechanisms of global Governance
4. Private actors
1. Atores pequenos e marginalizados
2. As competências estabelecidas
3. Organizações internacionais e outros mecanismos de governação global
4. Atores privados
(C)1. International organizations and other mechanisms of global Governance
2. Small and marginalized actors
3. The established powers
4. Private actors
1. Organizações internacionais e outros mecanismos de governação global
2. Atores pequenos e marginalizados
3. As competências estabelecidas
4. Atores privados
(D)1. The established powers
2. Private actors
3. Small and marginalized actors
4. International organizations and other mechanisms of global Governance
1. As competências estabelecidas
2. Atores privados
3. Atores pequenos e marginalizados
4. Organizações internacionais e outros mecanismos de governação global
(E)1. Small and marginalized actors
2. Private actors
3. International organizations and other mechanisms of global Governance
4. The established powers
1. Atores pequenos e marginalizados
2. Atores privados
3. Organizações internacionais e outros mecanismos de governação global
4. As competências estabelecidas
In the definition transcribed in number 1 of question 18, the fragment “Despite their relative decline (…) they still have enough power to act as gatekeepers to the inner sanctums of international regimes.” means that
(A) due to the fact that the Great Powers have been facing political and economic deterioration, they have been imposing the entrance of new international powers to their private club.
(B) even though the Great Powers have been experiencing adversity, they are still capable of deciding those which will gain access to the select group of international governments.
(C) given that the Great Powers have been dealing with recession, their power as decision-makers in the international community has been challenged.
(D) in spite of the Great Powers’ adverse political situation, international powers still consider them mighty and inspiring models.
(E) because the Great Powers cannot detain the access of new regimes to their once highly exclusive group, they have been enduring relative economic recession.
Comentários e Gabarito B
In the definition transcribed in number 1 of question 18, the fragment “Despite their relative decline (…) they still have enough power to act as gatekeepers to the inner sanctums of international regimes.” means that
Na definição transcrita no número 1 da questão 18, o fragmento “Apesar do seu relativo declínio (…) ainda têm poder suficiente para atuar como guardiões dos santuários internos dos regimes internacionais”. significa que
(A) due to the fact that the Great Powers have been facing political and economic deterioration, they have been imposing the entrance of new international powers to their private club.
(A) due to the fact that the Great Powers have been facing political and economic deterioration, they have been imposing the entrance of new international powers to their private club.
devido ao fato das Grandes Potências terem enfrentado uma deterioração política e econômica, têm imposto a entrada de novas potências internacionais no seu clube privado.
(B) even though the Great Powers have been experiencing adversity, they are still capable of deciding those which will gain access to the select group of international governments.
(B) even though the Great Powers have been experiencing adversity, they are still capable of deciding those which will gain access to the select group of international governments.
embora as Grandes Potências tenham vivido adversidades, ainda são capazes de decidir quem terá acesso ao seleto grupo de governos internacionais.
(C) given that the Great Powers have been dealing with recession, their power as decision-makers in the international community has been challenged.
(C) given that the Great Powers have been dealing with recession, their power as decision-makers in the international community has been challenged.
dado que as Grandes Potências têm lidado com a recessão, o seu poder como decisores na comunidade internacional tem sido desafiado.
(D) in spite of the Great Powers’ adverse political situation, international powers still consider them mighty and inspiring models.
(D) in spite of the Great Powers’ adverse political situation, international powers still consider them mighty and inspiring models.
apesar da situação política adversa das Grandes Potências, as potências internacionais ainda as consideram modelos poderosos e inspiradores.
(E) because the Great Powers cannot detain the access of new regimes to their once highly exclusive group, they have been enduring relative economic recession.
(E) because the Great Powers cannot detain the access of new regimes to their once highly exclusive group, they have been enduring relative economic recession.
porque as Grandes Potências não conseguem impedir o acesso de novos regimes ao seu grupo outrora altamente exclusivo, têm enfrentado uma relativa recessão econômica.
20 – (PUC/RIO-2014-VESTIBULAR-RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
In the definition transcribed in number 2 of question 18, the characterization “...countries that represent the proverbial grass that gets trampled when elephants fight.” contains
(A) a metaphor to convey that such countries, mostly in Africa, are known for the wild elephants that wander over their territory.
(B) an image to reveal that the countries are similar to strong plants that withstand the weight of strong wild animals.
(C) an analogy to convey the idea that elephants destroy countries that are covered by forest and grass plains.
(D) a connotative expression that conveys the idea that smaller and less powerful countries are like elephants in that they take time and resist moving away from their original role in international affairs.
(E) a reference to a proverb used to convey that the big nations have long dominated other countries that are now struggling to find power in the international arena.
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
In the definition transcribed in number 2 of question 18, the characterization “...countries that represent the proverbial grass that gets trampled when elephants fight.” contains
(A) a metaphor to convey that such countries, mostly in Africa, are known for the wild elephants that wander over their territory.
(B) an image to reveal that the countries are similar to strong plants that withstand the weight of strong wild animals.
(C) an analogy to convey the idea that elephants destroy countries that are covered by forest and grass plains.
(D) a connotative expression that conveys the idea that smaller and less powerful countries are like elephants in that they take time and resist moving away from their original role in international affairs.
(E) a reference to a proverb used to convey that the big nations have long dominated other countries that are now struggling to find power in the international arena.
Comentários e Gabarito E
In the definition transcribed in number 2 of question 18, the characterization “...countries that represent the proverbial grass that gets trampled when elephants fight.” contains
Na definição transcrita no número 2 da questão 18, a caracterização “...países que representam a proverbial erva que é pisoteada quando os elefantes lutam”. contém
(A) a metaphor to convey that such countries, mostly in Africa, are known for the wild elephants that wander over their territory.
(A) a metaphor to convey that such countries, mostly in Africa, are known for the wild elephants that wander over their territory.
uma metáfora para transmitir que tais países, principalmente em África, são conhecidos pelos elefantes selvagens que vagueiam pelo seu território.
(B) an image to reveal that the countries are similar to strong plants that withstand the weight of strong wild animals.
(B) an image to reveal that the countries are similar to strong plants that withstand the weight of strong wild animals.
uma imagem que revela que os países são semelhantes a plantas fortes que suportam o peso de animais selvagens fortes.
(C) an analogy to convey the idea that elephants destroy countries that are covered by forest and grass plains.
(C) an analogy to convey the idea that elephants destroy countries that are covered by forest and grass plains.
uma analogia para transmitir a ideia de que os elefantes destroem países cobertos por florestas e planícies gramadas.
(D) a connotative expression that conveys the idea that smaller and less powerful countries are like elephants in that they take time and resist moving away from their original role in international affairs.
(D) a connotative expression that conveys the idea that smaller and less powerful countries are like elephants in that they take time and resist moving away from their original role in international affairs.
uma expressão conotativa que transmite a ideia de que os países mais pequenos e menos poderosos são como elefantes na medida em que demoram e resistem a afastar-se do seu papel original nos assuntos internacionais.
(E) a reference to a proverb used to convey that the big nations have long dominated other countries that are now struggling to find power in the international arena.
(E) a reference to a proverb used to convey that the big nations have long dominated other countries that are now struggling to find power in the international arena.
uma referência a um provérbio usado para transmitir que as grandes nações há muito dominam outros países que agora lutam para encontrar poder na arena internacional.
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