DICAS DE OURO PARA REPORTED SPEECH – QUESTÕES DE MÚLTIPLAS ESCOLHAS

A seguir, truques rápidos para não errar "Reported Speech" em provas de concursos e vestibulares.

1️⃣ Sempre faça Backshift (mudança de tempo verbal para trás).

⓵ PRESENTE SIMPLES → PASSADO SIMPLES aplicando o backshift no discurso indireto:

1. "I play tennis every weekend." → He said he played tennis every weekend.

2. "She works at the bank." → They told me she worked at the bank.

3. "We need more time." → The manager said they needed more time.

4. "He speaks French fluently." → She told me he spoke French fluently.

5. "I feel tired today." → He said he felt tired that day.

6. "The store opens at 9 a.m." → She said the store opened at 9 a.m.

7. "They live in New York." → He told me they lived in New York.

8. "My brother studies engineering." → She said her brother studied engineering.

9. "I like rock music." → He told me he liked rock music.

10. "We always travel in July." → They said they always traveled in July.

⓶ PRESENTE CONTÍNUO → PASSADO CONTÍNUO aplicando o backshift no discurso indireto:

1. "I am studying for my exams." → She said she was studying for her exams.

2. "They are building a new bridge." → He told me they were building a new bridge.

3. "We are waiting for the bus." → She said they were waiting for the bus.

4. "My friends are playing football." → He told me his friends were playing football.

5. "I am cooking dinner right now." → She said she was cooking dinner at that moment.

6. "The kids are sleeping." → He told me the kids were sleeping.

7. "She is working on a new project." → They said she was working on a new project.

8. "I am reading a great book." → He said he was reading a great book.

9. "We are traveling to Spain this week." → She told me they were traveling to Spain that week.

10. "He is fixing the car." → She said he was fixing the car.

⓷ PASSADO SIMPLES → PASSADO PERFEITO aplicando o backshift no discurso indireto:

1. I visited Paris last year." → She said she had visited Paris the year before.

2. "They bought a new house." → He told me they had bought a new house.

3. "We saw that movie yesterday." → She said they had seen that movie the day before.

4. "I finished my homework." → He told me he had finished his homework.

5. "She met him at the party." → They said she had met him at the party.

6. "I lost my keys." → He said he had lost his keys.

7. "We arrived late." → She told me they had arrived late.

8. "He called me in the morning." → She said he had called her in the morning.

9. "I visited my grandparents last weekend." → He said he had visited his grandparents the weekend before.

10. "They left early." → She told me they had left early.

⓸ PRESENTE PERFEITO → PASSADO PERFEITO aplicando o backshift no discurso indireto:

1. "I have seen that movie." → She said she had seen that movie.

2. "They have finished the report." → He told me they had finished the report.

3. "We have visited London twice." → She said they had visited London twice.

4. "I have never eaten sushi." → He told me he had never eaten sushi.

5. "She has just arrived." → They said she had just arrived.

6. "I have already done my homework." → He said he had already done his homework.

7. "They have lived here for five years." → She told me they had lived there for five years.

8. "I have met him before." → He said he had met him before.

9. "We have been to that restaurant." → She said they had been to that restaurant.

10. "He has broken his leg." → They told me he had broken his leg.

⓹ WILL → WOULD aplicando o backshift no discurso indireto:

1. "I will call you tomorrow." → She said she would call me the next day.

2. "They will help us." → He told me they would help us.

3. "We will travel next month." → She said they would travel the following month.

4. "I will finish this report today." → He said he would finish that report that day.

5. "She will arrive at 8 p.m." → They told me she would arrive at 8 p.m.

6. "I will explain everything later." → He said he would explain everything later.

7. "We will win the game." → She told me they would win the game.

8. "I will take care of it." → He said he would take care of it.

9. "They will send us the documents." → She said they would send us the documents.

10. "I will meet you at the station." → He said he would meet me at the station.

⓺ GOING TO → WAS/WERE GOING  TO aplicando o backshift no discurso indireto:

1. "I am going to visit my parents." → She said she was going to visit her parents.

2. "They are going to buy a new car." → He told me they were going to buy a new car.

3. "We are going to start the meeting soon." → She said they were going to start the meeting soon.

4. "He is going to call you later." → They said he was going to call me later.

5. "I am going to move to a new city." → He said he was going to move to a new city.

6. "She is going to prepare dinner." → They told me she was going to prepare dinner.

7. "We are going to watch a movie tonight." → She said they were going to watch a movie that night.

8. "He is going to finish the project tomorrow." → He said he was going to finish the project the next day.

9. "I am going to learn Spanish." → She told me she was going to learn Spanish.

10. "They are going to visit us next week." → He said they were going to visit us the following week.

2️⃣ MUDANÇA/AJUSTE DE PALAVRAS DE TEMPO,  no discurso indireto:

1. NOW → THEN

🔹"I’m leaving now." → She said she was leaving then.

2. TODAY → THAT DAY

🔹"I will call you today." → He said he would call me that day.

3. TOMORROW → THE NEXT DAY / THE FOLLOWING DAY

🔗CPAEN 2012 – Questão 46 - Escola Naval

🔹He told me, "Janie, you're going to die tomorrow".

✔️ INDIRETO: He told her she was going to die the day after.

❌ INDIRETO: He said to her she was going to die tomorrow. 

🔹Erro: "tomorrow" não deve ser mantido no reported speech no passado, precisa mudar para the day after ou the next day.

4. YESTERDAY →  THE DAY BEFORE / THE PREVIOUS DAY

🔹"I saw her yesterday." → He said he had seen her the day before.

5. LAST NIGHT → THE NIGHT BEFORE

🔹"She arrived last night." →  They said she had arrived the night before.

6. NEXT WEEK → THE FOLLOWING WEEK

🔹 "We will visit you next week." → He said they would visit me the following week.

7. THIS WEEK → THAT WEEK

🔹"I’m busy this week." → She said she was busy that week.

8. AGO (TWO DAYS AGO) → BEFORE (TWO DAYS BEFORE)

🔹"I met him two days ago." Indireto: He said he had met him two days before.

9. THIS YEAR →  THAT YEAR

🔹"I’m staying here this year." → She said she was staying there that year.

3️⃣ MUDANÇA/AJUSTE DE PALAVRAS DE LOCAL, no discurso indireto:

1. HERE →  THERE

🔹"I’m staying here this year." → She said she was staying there that year.

2. this place →  that place

3. these people →  those people

4. come →  go

5. bring →  take

6. come here →  go there

7. over here →  over there

8. to this city →  to that city

9. near →  far from

10. at this location →  at that location

4️⃣VERBOS INTRODUTORES QUE PEDEM OBJETO

🔎"TELL" sempre pede alguém (pronome objeto):

🔗CPAEN 2012 – q46 - Escola Naval

🔹He told me, "Janie, you're going to die tomorrow".

✔️ INDIRETO: He told her she was going to die the day after.

❌ INDIRETO: He told she is going to die the day after.

🔎"SAY" não pede objeto direto:

🔹He said (that) he was tired. (✔️)

❌ He said her she was ill.

(Erro: said não aceita objeto direto)

01 – (UECE-2012/2) In the sentence

• John said, "I broke my foot during a tennis match.",

the reported/indirect speech of the sentence is:

• John said that he __________ his foot during a tennis match.

🄰 breaks his foot
🄱 would break his foot
🄲 had broken
🄳 has been breaking

•   Gabarito  🄲  

1️⃣ Frase original (Discurso Direto):

🔹John said, "I broke my foot during a tennis match."

🔹Tempo verbal original: "broke" (Simple Past)

2️⃣ Regra de mudança de tempo (Backshift)

🔹broke (Past Simple) → had broken (Past Perfect)

3️⃣ Substituição e ajuste da frase

🔹John said that he had broken his foot during a tennis match.

4️⃣ ANÁLISE DAS ALTERNATIVAS

🄰 ❌breaks his foot 

🔹Está no Present Simple; não há backshift.

🄱 ❌would break his foot

🔹Futuro no passado (would + verbo) não faz sentido aqui, pois não é previsão, é relato de fato ocorrido.

🄲 ✅had broken 

🔹 Past Perfect, correto após "said" no passado.

🄳 ❌has been breaking

🔹Present Perfect Continuous indica ação contínua até o presente, o que não se aplica.

02 – (UECE-2012) The INDIRECT SPEECH is:

• He said that he _______ this trend toward reduced risk.

🄰 is happy they found.
🄱 has been happy we have found.
🄲 was happy they had found.
🄳 will be happy we will find.
🄴 would be happy they would find.

•   Gabarito  🄲  

📝CONTEXTO DA FRASE:

• He said that he _______ this trend toward reduced risk.

📝 ANÁLISE DAS ALTERNATIVAS:

🄰 ❌is happy they found

🔹Sem backshift (ainda no presente e passado simples).

🄱 ❌ has been happy we have found

🔹 Tempos verbais errados.

🄲 ✅ was happy they had found

🔹Com backshift correto no discurso indireto.

🄳 ❌will be happy we will find 

🔹 Tempos verbais errados.

🄴❌ would be happy they would find 

 🔹Tempos verbais errados.

03 – (MACKENZIE-SP-1996)

• The patient said to me, "How long have the doctors been operating her?"

🄰 The patient asked me how long the doctors had been operating her.
🄱 The patient told me how long her had been operating by the doctors.
🄲 The patient asked me how long had the doctors been operating her.
🄳 The patient told me whether have the doctors been operating her.
🄴 The patient asked me how long had been the doctors operating her.

•   Gabarito  🄰  

📝CONTEXTO DA FRASE:

• The patient said to me, "How long have the doctors been operating her?"

📝 ANÁLISE DAS ALTERNATIVAS:

🄰 ✅ The patient asked me how long the doctors had been operating her.

🔹[had been operating] → é o backshift correto de "have been operating".

🔹[asked me] → verbo de relato correto para pergunta (em vez de said to me).

🔹[how long] → mantém o wh-word da pergunta original.

🄱 ❌The patient told me how long her had been operating by the doctors.

🔹"told me" não é adequado para introduzir pergunta (deveria ser asked me).

🔹"her had been operating": “her” não pode ser sujeito; seria she.

🔹Tentativa de voz passiva malformada (had been operating by the doctors ≠ correto).

🔹Vários erros de gramática e estrutura.

🄲 The patient asked me how long had the doctors been operating her. ❌

🔹Em pergunta indireta não há inversão: deveria ser how long the doctors had been…, não had the doctors….

🔹 Erro de ordem dos termos.

🄳 ❌The patient told me whether have the doctors been operating her. 

🔹Usa told e whether (marcador de pergunta “sim/não”), mas a original é wh-question (how long).

🔹have não sofreu backshift (have → had).

🔹Mantém inversão (have the doctors), o que é errado em indiretas.

🔹Múltiplos erros.

🄴 The patient asked me how long had been the doctors operating her. ❌

🔹Inversão indevida em pergunta indireta.

🔹Ordem estranha (had been the doctors operating); o correto é the doctors had been operating.

🔹 Estrutura sintática incorreta.

🔎 3 VERBOS INTRODUTORES DE REPORTED SPEECH:

1️⃣"TOLD" (quando há IMPERATIVO no discurso direto)
2️⃣"ASKED" (quando há PERGUNTA no discurso direto)
3️⃣"SAID" (quando não há imperativo e nem pergunta no discurso direto)

04 – (MACKENZIE-SP-1996)

• "Are there any messages for me?", said Helen.

(A) Helen asked if there is any messages for her.
(B) Helen asked whether there were any messages for she.
(C) Helen asked whether were there any messages for herself.
(D) Helen asked if there were some messages for her.
(E) Helen asked if there were any messages for herself.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICO - REPORTED SPEECH (reportar algo que alguém disse):

• "Are there any messages for me?", said Helen.

(A) Helen asked if there is any messages for her.(2 ERROS: USO INADEQUADO DO "IS" & USO INADEQUADO DO "ANY")

(B) Helen asked whether there were any messages for she. (USO INADEQUADO DO "ANY")

(C) Helen asked whether were there any messages for herself. (USO INADEQUADO DE INVERSÃO)

(D) Helen asked if there were some messages for her.

(E) Helen asked if there were any messages for herself.(USO INADEQUADO DO "ANY")

>> 3 VERBOS INTRODUTORES DE REPORTED SPEECH:

• "TOLD" /'toʊɫd/ (quando há IMPERATIVO no discurso direto)
• "ASKED" /'æskt/ (quando há PERGUNTA no discurso direto)
• "SAID"/'sɛd/ (quando não há imperativo e nem pergunta no discurso direto)

>> CONVERTER O VERBO PRINCIPAL PARA O PASSADO:

• "ARE THERE?" (Present Simple) ➝ "THERE WERE" (Past Simple).

>> SOME: Usado em FRASES AFIRMATIVAS.

>> ANY: Usado em FRASES NEGATIVAS OU INTERROGATIVAS.

05 – (FUVEST-SP) Qual é a forma indireta, correspondente à forma direta

• The teacher said, "Are you sure you have all understood me?"

(A) The teacher said if you are sure you had understood him;

(B) The teacher asked whether we were sure we did understand him;

(C) The teacher said if we all are sure we have understood him;

(D) The teacher asked if they were sure they had all understood him;

(E) The teacher asked them to be sure to understand him.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICO - REPORTED SPEECH (reportar algo que alguém disse):

Qual é a forma indireta, correspondente à forma direta

• The teacher said, "Are you sure you have all understood me?"
• O professor disse: "Têm certeza de que todos me entenderam?"

(A) The teacher said if you are sure you had understood him;

(B) The teacher asked whether we were sure we did understand him;

(C) The teacher said if we all are sure we have understood him;

(D) The teacher asked if they were sure they had all understood him;

(E) The teacher asked them to be sure to understand him.

>> 3 VERBOS INTRODUTORES DE REPORTED SPEECH:

• "TOLD" /'toʊɫd/ (quando há IMPERATIVO no discurso direto)
• "ASKED" /'æskt/ (quando há PERGUNTA no discurso direto)
• "SAID"/'sɛd/ (quando não há imperativo e nem pergunta no discurso direto)

>> CONVERTER O VERBO PRINCIPAL PARA O PASSADO:

• "ARE?" (Present Simple) ➝ "WERE" (Past Simple).
• "have all understood?" (Present Perfect) ➝ "had all understood" (Past Perfect).

06 – (FUVEST-SP) Assinale a alternativa que equivale ao seguinte:

• Suddenly Peter said to me, "Are you hungry?"

(A) Suddenly Peter said that I was hungry.

(B) Suddenly Peter told me that I was hungry.

(C) Suddenly Peter asked if he were hungry.

(D) Suddenly Peter asked me whether I was hungry.

(D) Peter informed me that he was hungry.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICO - REPORTED SPEECH (reportar algo que alguém disse):

• Suddenly Peter said to me, "Are you hungry?"
• De repente, Peter me disse: "Você está com fome?"

(A) Suddenly Peter said that I was hungry.

(B) Suddenly Peter told me that I was hungry.

(C) Suddenly Peter asked if he were hungry. (O pronome pessoal adequado na sentença é "I" e não "HE")

(D) Suddenly Peter asked me whether I was hungry.

(D) Peter informed me that he was hungry.

>> 3 VERBOS INTRODUTORES DE REPORTED SPEECH:

• "TOLD" /'toʊɫd/ (quando há IMPERATIVO no discurso direto)
• "ASKED" /'æskt/ (quando há PERGUNTA no discurso direto)
• "SAID"/'sɛd/ (quando não há imperativo e nem pergunta no discurso direto)

>> CONVERTER O VERBO PRINCIPAL PARA O PASSADO:

• "ARE?" (Present Simple) ➝ "WAS" (Past Simple).
• "WAS" concordando com o pronome pessoal "I".