CEBRASPE 2021– CODEVASF – CARGO 14 – LÍNGUA INGLESA

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• CEBRASPE-2021-CODEVASF-COMPANHIA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DOS VALES DO SÃO FRANCISCO E DO PARNAÍBA-ANALISTA EM DESENVOLVIMENTO REGIONAL-ÁREA: TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMAÇÃO–Aplicação: 31/01/2021.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 08 True False Questions.
• Texto (1)  – | Justice Department Says 3 Percent of Its Emails Compromised by Russian Hack | www.newsweek.com |
• Texto (2)  – | Cartoon | thecomicstrips.com |

❑ PROVA:

❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 1:

[1º PARÁGRAFO]

As American federal authorities and cybersecurity experts rush to identify the full scope of the SolarWinds compromise, the list of known targets grows.

À medida que autoridades federais americanas e especialistas em segurança cibernética correm para identificar o escopo completo do comprometimento da SolarWinds, a lista de alvos conhecidos cresce.

• "cybersecurity" - segurança cibernética.
• "known targets" - alvos conhecidos.
• "compromise" - comprometimento.
• "to rush to" - correr para, apressar para.

The fallout from the cyberattack on the Texas-based software company appears to be vast, with a slew of powerful U.S. government agencies and businesses seemingly being infected by hackers who are believed to be affiliated with Russia.

As consequências do ataque cibernético à empresa de software sediada no Texas parecem ser vastas, com uma série de agências e empresas poderosas do governo dos EUA aparentemente sendo infectadas por hackers que se acredita serem afiliados à Rússia.

• "The fallout" - As consequências, As repercussões.

[2º PARÁGRAFO]

SolarWinds says it has identified 18,000 customers potentially affected by the incident, which saw the culprits hijack software updates for a widely-used IT monitoring tool called "Orion" to spread malware, seemingly with the intention of espionage.

A SolarWinds diz ter identificado 18.000 clientes potencialmente afetados pelo incidente, que viu os culpados sequestrarem atualizações de software para uma ferramenta de monitoramento de TI amplamente usada chamada "Orion" para espalhar malware, aparentemente com a intenção de espionagem. 

The consequences of the brazen cyber-assault, which was first discovered by security firm FireEye after it too was infiltrated by the same group, are yet to be understood.

As consequências do ataque cibernético descarado, que foi descoberto pela primeira vez pela empresa de segurança FireEye depois que também foi infiltrada pelo mesmo grupo, ainda não foram compreendidas. 

But experts fear the hackers' access could be exploited to steal sensitive information or destroy and falsify government data, and warn it could take years to fix.

Mas especialistas temem que o acesso dos hackers possa ser explorado para roubar informações confidenciais ou destruir e falsificar dados do governo, e alertam que pode levar anos para consertar.

[3º PARÁGRAFO]

While the full list of victims is unclear — and expanding almost daily — Microsoft said its teams had identified more than 40 of its customers the attackers had aimed at "more precisely and compromised through additional and sophisticated measures."

Embora a lista completa de vítimas não esteja clara — e esteja aumentando quase diariamente — a Microsoft disse que suas equipes identificaram mais de 40 de seus clientes que os invasores visaram "com mais precisão e comprometeram por meio de medidas adicionais e sofisticadas".

[4º PARÁGRAFO]

It now seems likely the scope of the victims could be broad.

Agora parece provável que o escopo das vítimas possa ser amplo.

Microsoft said the initial list included security, technology and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) alongside the government targets.

A Microsoft disse que a lista inicial incluía segurança, tecnologia e organizações não governamentais (ONGs) ao lado dos alvos governamentais.

It said 80 percent of attacks that it logged were U.S. based.

Ela disse que 80 por cento dos ataques que registrou foram baseados nos EUA.

"This is not 'espionage as usual,' even in the digital age. Instead, it represents an act of recklessness that created a serious technological vulnerability for the United States and the world," Brad Smith, president of the U.S. tech giant, wrote on Thursday.

"Isso não é 'espionagem como de costume', mesmo na era digital. Em vez disso, representa um ato de imprudência que criou uma séria vulnerabilidade tecnológica para os Estados Unidos e o mundo", escreveu Brad Smith, presidente da gigante de tecnologia dos EUA, na quinta-feira.

[5º PARÁGRAFO]

"The attack unfortunately represents a broad and successful espionage-based assault on both the confidential information of the U.S. government and the tech tools used by firms to protect them.

O ataque infelizmente representa um ataque amplo e bem-sucedido baseado em espionagem tanto nas informações confidenciais do governo dos EUA quanto nas ferramentas tecnológicas usadas pelas empresas para protegê-las.

The attack is ongoing," the executive continued. Analysis is ongoing to determine which companies were impacted by the hack, as just because an entity used Orion is not evidence that it was actively compromised.

O ataque está em andamento", continuou o executivo. A análise está em andamento para determinar quais empresas foram impactadas pelo hack, pois só porque uma entidade usou o Orion não é evidência de que ela foi ativamente comprometida.

• Internet: <www.newsweek.com> (adapted)

Considering the text above, judge the following items.

Considerando o texto acima, julgue os seguintes itens.

113 SolarWinds is a software company which is headquartered in Texas.

>> CORRETO: SolarWinds é uma empresa de software sediada no Texas.

• The fallout from the cyberattack on the Texas-based software company appears to be vast, with a slew of powerful U.S. government agencies and businesses seemingly being infected by hackers who are believed to be affiliated with Russia.
• As consequências do ataque cibernético à empresa de software sediada no Texas parecem ser vastas, com uma série de agências e empresas poderosas do governo dos EUA aparentemente sendo infectadas por hackers que se acredita serem afiliados à Rússia.
• SolarWinds says it has identified 18,000 customers potentially affected by the incident, which saw the culprits hijack software updates for a widely-used IT monitoring tool called "Orion" to spread malware, seemingly with the intention of espionage.
• A SolarWinds diz ter identificado 18.000 clientes potencialmente afetados pelo incidente, que viu os culpados sequestrarem atualizações de software para uma ferramenta de monitoramento de TI amplamente usada chamada "Orion" para espalhar malware, aparentemente com a intenção de espionagem. 

114 American cybersecurity experts and federal authorities are not only in a hurry to solve the problem, but they are also sure the hackers are from Russia.

>> INCORRETO: Especialistas em segurança cibernética e autoridades federais americanas não estão apenas com pressa para resolver o problema, mas também têm certeza de que os hackers são da Rússia.

• "[...] As American federal authorities and cybersecurity experts rush to identify the full scope of the SolarWinds compromise, the list of known targets grows."
• À medida que autoridades federais americanas e especialistas em segurança cibernética correm para identificar o escopo completo do comprometimento da SolarWinds, a lista de alvos conhecidos cresce.
• "[...] The fallout from the cyberattack on the Texas-based software company appears to be vast, with a slew of powerful U.S. government agencies and businesses seemingly being infected by hackers who are believed to be affiliated with Russia."
• As consequências do ataque cibernético à empresa de software sediada no Texas parecem ser vastas, com uma série de agências e empresas poderosas do governo dos EUA aparentemente sendo infectadas por hackers que se acredita serem afiliados à Rússia.

115 In "It now seems likely the scope of the victims could be broad", the word 'likely' is a synonymous with lovely.

>> INCORRETO: Em "Agora parece provável que o escopo das vítimas possa ser amplo", a palavra "likely" é sinônimo de adorável.

116 Microsoft reported that over three-thirds of the cyberattacks happened to companies and organizations located in the USA.

>> CORRETO: A Microsoft relatou que mais de três terços dos ataques cibernéticos aconteceram a empresas e organizações localizadas nos EUA.

• "[...] It said 80 percent of attacks that it logged were U.S. based."
• Ela disse que 80 por cento dos ataques que registrou foram baseados nos EUA.

117 The cyberattacks have stopped, but authorities and experts still want to find who or what is responsible for such crime.

>> INCORRETO: Os ataques cibernéticos pararam, mas autoridades e especialistas ainda querem descobrir quem ou o que é responsável por tal crime.

• "[...] The attack is ongoing," the executive continued."
• O ataque está em andamento", continuou o executivo.

❑ TEXTO:

• Internet: <thecomicstrips.com>.

Based on the comic strip presented above, judge the following items.

Com base na história em quadrinhos apresentada acima, julgue os seguintes itens.

118 The website that the man on the left wants to create would be based on his personal knowledge about electronics.

>> CORRETO: site que o homem da esquerda quer criar seria baseado em seu conhecimento pessoal sobre eletrônicos.

119 The man on the right went away because he realized that his friend has a compulsive online shopping disorder.

>> INCORRETO: O homem da direita foi embora porque percebeu que seu amigo tem um transtorno compulsivo de compras online.

120 We can infer from the comic strip that the man who wants to create the website is also good at using his credit card carelessly.

>> CORRETO: Podemos inferir da história em quadrinhos que o homem que quer criar o site também é bom em usar seu cartão de crédito de forma descuidada.

>> TRADUÇÃO DA TIRINHA:

• THE MAN ON THE LEFT:
• I've got my idea for an interactive website.
• Tenho uma ideia para um site interativo.
• THE MAN ON THE RIGHT:
• Let's hear it.
• Vamos ouvir.
• THE MAN ON THE LEFT:
• It'll be a site where readers can ask about computers, phones and other gadgets.
• Será um site onde os leitores poderão perguntar sobre computadores, telefones e outros gadgets.
• No one knows more about that stuff than me. I buy everything - every gadget, video game, phone, handheld device. Everything.
• Or I could do a site about credit card debt.
• Ou eu poderia fazer um site sobre dívidas de cartão de crédito.
• THE MAN ON THE RIGHT:
• Write what you know.
• Escreva sobre o que você conhece.

VOCABULÁRIO – LAYPERSON – CESPE–2009–FUB/ME–TRADUTOR INTÉRPRETE – LÍNGUA INGLESA.

 Welcome back to another post!

• TEXT:

Mobile risk

Due to the rapid increase and development of mobile communication devices and other items of electronic equipment that emit non-ionizing radiation, there is general public awareness of the potential health effects of electromagnetic fields.

Although various authorities, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), state that no major public health risks have emerged from several decades of research, uncertainties remain. The potential health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields continue to await scientific clarification.

(...)

It may be argued that economic and cultural globalisation has given rise to a collective sensitivity to risk (Jaeger et al., 2001) such that different kinds of claims are admitted to the political agenda. This sensitivity is a generalized awareness of a growing capacity to interfere with nature and an awareness of the fallibility of science, the vulnerability of the human body and the fragility of the biosphere. It is accompanied by a search for epistemological security along with a decrease in public trust in experts, science and technology. Various factors point to this: scientific controversies, for example, are laid bare in the media, those in authority espouse precautionary politics and the layperson’s interpretation of risks in relation to moral justice leads to political and judicial struggles.

Internet: <www.acs.org.aujrpit> (adapted)

(CESPE–2009–FUB/ME–TRADUTOR INTÉRPRETE):

Based on the text, judge the item below.

(   ) The word “layperson” in “and the layperson’s interpretation of risks in relation to moral justice leads to political and judicial struggles” can be correctly translated as leigo.

Resposta :  Correto

- Questão sobre VOCABULÁRIO:

➦ LAYPERSON (= a layman or laywoman) means:

1) someone who IS NOT AN EXPERT IN a particular subject  - alguém que NÃO É ESPECIALISTA em determinado assunto. [Cambridge Dictionary]

2) a person who DOES NOT HAVE EXPERT KNOWLEDGE  of a particular subject. - uma pessoa que NÃO TEM CONHECIMENTO ESPECIALIZADO em determinado assunto. [Oxford Dictionary]

3) A layperson is a person who IS NOT TRAINED, QUALIFIED, or EXPERIENCED in a particular subject or activity. - Um LAYPERSON  é uma pessoa que NÃO É TREINADA, QUALIFICADA ou EXPERIENTE em um determinado assunto ou atividade. [Collins Dictionary]

4) Uma boa tradução de LAYPERSON para o português é LEIGO ou LEIGA.

• We want to make statistics easier for the layperson to grasp. - Queremos tornar as estatísticas mais fáceis de entender para o leigo. [Oxford Dictionary] 
• How would you explain to the layperson how gene therapy works? – Como você explicaria para o leigo como funciona a terapia gênica? [Macmillan Dictionary]
• Intended for the layperson, this book uses straightforward language to aid in identifying more than 500 medicinal plants. - Destinado ao leigo, este livro usa linguagem direta para auxiliar na identificação de mais de 500 plantas medicinais. [Merriam-Webster Dictionary] 

➦ NO TEXTO:

• [...] Various factors point to this: scientific controversies, for example, are laid bare in the media, those in authority espouse precautionary politics and the layperson’s interpretation of risks in relation to moral justice leads to political and judicial struggles. - Vários fatores apontam para isso: as controvérsias científicas, por exemplo, são desnudadas na mídia, as autoridades defendem políticas de precaução e a interpretação do LEIGO sobre os riscos em relação à justiça moral leva a embates políticos e judiciais.

➦ CONCLUSÃO:

• Contextualmente, a palavra LAYPERSON pode ser traduzida corretamente como LEIGO.

VOCABULÁRIO – EVERY DAY vs. EVERYDAY – CESPE–2009–FUB/ME–TRADUTOR INTÉRPRETE – LÍNGUA INGLESA.

Welcome back to another post!

• TEXT:

People need to be active to be healthy. Our modern lifestyle and all the conveniences we've become used to have made us sedentary — and that's dangerous for our health. Sitting around in front of the TV or the computer, riding in the car for even a short trip to the store and using elevators instead of stairs or ramps all contribute to our inactivity. Physical inactivity is as dangerous to our health as smoking!

Add up your activities during the day in periods of at least minutes each. Start slowly... and build up. If you're already doing some light activities move up to more moderate ones. A little is good, but more is better if you want to achieve health benefits.

Scientists say accumulate 60 minutes of physical activity every day to stay healthy or improve your health. Time needed depends on effort — as you progress to moderate activities, you can cut down to thirty minutes, four days a week.

(...)

(CESPE–2009–FUB/ME–TRADUTOR INTÉRPRETE):

Based on the text, judge the item below.

(   ) “every day” can be rewritten as everyday.

Resposta :  Errado

- Questão sobre VOCABULÁRIO - EVERY DAY vs EVERYDAY :

➦ EVERYDAY is an adjective and means “ORDINARY” or “TYPICAL”, como por exemplo:

• Change is a part of everyday life in business. - A mudança faz parte do dia a dia nos negócios. 
• The everyday lives of ordinary Russian citizens.. – A vida cotidiana dos cidadãos russos comuns. [Cambridge Dictionary]

➦ EVERY DAY is a phrase that simply means “EACH DAY”, como por exemplo:

• I go to the gym every day. - Eu vou para a academia todos os dias. [Oxford Dictionary]
• He runs five miles every day. - Ele corre cinco milhas todos os dias. [Cambridge Dictionary]

➦ NO TEXTO:

• [...] Scientists say accumulate 60 minutes of physical activity every day to stay healthy or improve your health. - Os cientistas dizem acumular 60 minutos de atividade física todos os dias para se manter saudável ou melhorar sua saúde.

➦ CONCLUSÃO:

• EVERY DAY e EVERYDAY não significam a mesma coisa. Na fala, no entanto, eles soam iguais. Não é de admirar que seja tão fácil confundi-los.
• Portanto, na escrita, não podemos substituir EVERY DAY por EVERYDAY.

AMEOSC–2020–PM/SJC/SC–PROFESSOR–PUBLIC SERVICE EXAM, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• AMEOSC-2020-PREFEITURA MUNICIPAL DE SÃO JOSÉ DO CEDRO-SC-PROFESSOR- LÍNGUA INGLESA.

https://ameosc.selecao.net.br/

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 10 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 4 Options Each Question.

• Texto – | Why bats are not to blame, say scientists | www.bbc.com |

❑ TEXTO: Leia o texto abaixo para responder as questões de nº 5 a nº 10:

Why bats are not to blame, say scientists

“Every now and then, Dr Mathieu Bourgarel seeks permission from the village elders to visit the sacred caves, bringing a gift to appease the spirits. Donning mask, overalls, and three layers of gloves, he descends into the darkness, climbing down rope ladders and squeezing through the narrow chambers of caves. People in this part of Zimbabwe call bats "winged dragons", "flying rats" or simply the "evil ones".

Like elsewhere in the world, the flying mammals are much misunderstood. For this wildlife ecologist, they're beautiful and incredible creatures. "They are fascinating," he says. "People are frightened of something they don't know."

"The local population frequently visits these bats' habitat, in order to collect guano to use as fertiliser for their crops. It is therefore essential to know the pathogens carried by the bats, because they could be transmitted to humans," says Dr Elizabeth Gori of the University of Zimbabwe.

Bat experts have launched a campaign, Don't Blame Bats, to dispel unfounded fears and myths about bats, which are threatening conservation. They say bats are some of the most misunderstood and undervalued animals on the planet.

Long the target of disdain, persecution and cultural prejudice, they have been blamed for a host of evils visited upon humans. And fears and myths about bats have only intensified in the time of Covid.

The precise origin of the virus that has wreaked such havoc across the world has not been pinned down. But the vast majority of scientists agree that it crossed into humans from an animal species, most likely a bat. That doesn't mean bats are to blame; it's our increasing interference with these wild creatures that's at the root of the problem.”

• (Adapted from: https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-54246473)

05. No texto, a palavra “BAT” significa, em Português:

(A) Rato.

(B) Morcego.

(C) Borboleta.

(D) Pássaro.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  

TÓPICO - VOCABULÁRIO & TRADUÇÃO:

No texto, a palavra “bat” significa, em Português:

(A) Rato.(MOUSE)

(B) Morcego.(BAT) 

(C) Borboleta.(BUTTERFLY)

(D) Pássaro.(BIRD)

06. De acordo com o texto, moradores da região apelidaram os animais da caverna de:

(A) Anjos alados.

(B) Dragões malvados.

(C) Ratos voadores.

(D) Aves malignas.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

De acordo com o texto, moradores da região apelidaram os animais da caverna de:

(A) Anjos alados.

(B) Dragões malvados.

(C) Ratos voadores.

(D) Aves malignas.

>> TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:

• People in this part of Zimbabwe call bats "winged dragons", "flying rats" or simply the "evil ones".
• As pessoas desta zona do Zimbabué chamam aos morcegos de  “dragões alados”, “ratos voadores” ou simplesmente “os maus”.

07. A campanha mencionada no texto é:

(A) "They are Fascinating".

(B) “Appease the Spirits”.

(C) “Don't Blame Bats”.

(D) “People are Frightened”.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

A campanha mencionada no texto é:

(A) "They are Fascinating".

(B) “Appease the Spirits”.

(C) “Don't Blame Bats”.

(D) “People are Frightened”

>> TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:

• Bat experts have launched a campaign, Don't Blame Bats, to dispel unfounded fears and myths about bats, which are threatening conservation. They say bats are some of the most misunderstood and undervalued animals on the planet.
• Os especialistas em morcegos lançaram uma campanha, Não culpe os morcegos, para dissipar medos e mitos infundados sobre os morcegos, que ameaçam a conservação. Dizem que os morcegos são dos animais mais incompreendidos e subvalorizados do planeta.

08. A palavra rope, em

• “climbing down rope ladders”,

pode ser traduzida, em Português, por:

(A) Esperança.

(B) Corda.

(C) Escada rolante.

(D) Caverna.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

A palavra rope, em “climbing down rope ladders”, pode ser traduzida, em Português, por:

(A) Esperança.

(B) Corda.

(C) Escada rolante.

(D) Caverna.

09. De acordo com o texto,

(A) Os animais da caverna devem ser culpados pela disseminação de vírus entre os seres humanos.

(B) A crescente interferência humana com as criaturas selvagens é a raiz do problema da transmissão de patógenos.

(C) As lendas e mitos relacionados aos animais da caverna levaram a uma falsa crença de que podem curar qualquer tipo de doença.

(D) A população local não visita o habitat desses animais para evitar doenças transmissíveis.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

10. No texto, a frase

• “Donning mask, overalls, and three layers of gloves”

refere-se:

(A) Ao uso de itens de proteção pessoal.

(B) Aos objetos usados para oferendas aos deuses da caverna.

(C) Aos objetos comercializados nos arredores da caverna.

(D) A equipamentos de segurança distribuídos à população local.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

11. Analise as tabelas abaixo:

Assinale a alternativa que relaciona a frase da “Tabela 1” ao tempo verbal correto da “Tabela 2”:

(A) I–A; II–C; III–B.

(B) I–C; II–A; III–B.

(C) I–C; II–B; III–A.

(D) I–B; II–A; III–C.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

12. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta uma palavra no singular:

(A) Trees.

(B) Butterfly.

(C) Feet.

(D) Colors.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

13. Considere a frase abaixo:

• He is a music teacher.

A negação está corretamente apresentada em:

(A) He does not is a music teacher.

(B) He are not a music teacher.

(C) He is not a music teacher.

(D) He do not are a music teacher.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

14. Considere a frase abaixo:

• Tomorrow she will wake up early.

Isso significa que ela, provavelmente:

(A) Pretende acordar tarde no dia seguinte.

(B) Irá dormir no horário do almoço, às 12 horas.

(C) Dormiu cedo no dia anterior.

(D) Acordará cedo no dia seguinte.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:  

FGV 2021 – LÍNGUA INGLESA – PMESP – OFICIAL

Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: FGV-2021-PMESP-OFICIAL-CONCURSO PÚBLICO, aplicação em 18/10/2015.

➧ BANCA/ORGANIZADOR: Fundação Getulio Vargas - https://portal.fgv.br/.

➧ PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA: 06 questões do tipo múltipla escolha (A,B,C,D,E).

➧ GABARITO:

01-A, 02-D, 03-B, 04-E, 05-C, 06-A 

➧ VOCABULÁRIO:

➧ TEXT I:

How facial recognition technology aids police

Police officers’ ability to recognize and locate individuals with a history of committing crime is vital to their work. In fact, it is so important that officers believe possessing it is fundamental to the craft of effective street policing, crime prevention and investigation. However, with the total police workforce falling by almost 20 percent since 2010 and recorded crime rising, police forces are turning to new technological solutions to help enhance their capability and capacity to monitor and track individuals about whom they have concerns.

One such technology is Automated Facial Recognition (known as AFR). This works by analyzing key facial features, generating a mathematical representation of them, and then comparing them against known faces in a database, to determine possible matches. While a number of UK and international police forces have been enthusiastically exploring the potential of AFR, some groups have spoken about its legal and ethical status. They are concerned that the technology significantly extends the reach and depth of surveillance by the state.

Until now, however, there has been no robust evidence about what AFR systems can and cannot deliver for policing. Although AFR has become increasingly familiar to the public through its use at airports to help manage passport checks, the environment in such settings is quite controlled. Applying similar procedures to street policing is far more complex. Individuals on the street will be moving and may not look directly towards the camera. Levels of lighting change, too, and the system will have to cope with the vagaries of the British weather.

[…]

As with all innovative policing technologies there are important legal and ethical concerns and issues that still need to be considered. But in order for these to be meaningfully debated and assessed by citizens, regulators and law-makers, we need a detailed understanding of precisely what the technology can realistically accomplish. Sound evidence, rather than references to science fiction technology --- as seen in films such as Minority Report --- is essential.

With this in mind, one of our conclusions is that in terms of describing how AFR is being applied in policing currently, it is more accurate to think of it as “assisted facial recognition,” as opposed to a fully automated system. Unlike border control functions -- where the facial recognition is more of an automated system -- when supporting street policing, the algorithm is not deciding whether there is a match between a person and what is stored in the database. Rather, the system makes suggestions to a police operator about possible similarities. It is then down to the operator to confirm or refute them.

By Bethan Davies, Andrew Dawson, Martin Innes (Source: https://gcn.com/articles/2018/11/30/facial-recognitionpolicing.aspx, accessed May 30th, 2020)

01 – (FGV-2021-PMESP-OFICIAL)

Based on the information provided by Text I, mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F).

( ) In relation to AFR, ethical and legal implications are being brought up.

( ) There is enough data to prove that AFR is efficient in street policing.

( ) AFR performance may be affected by changes in light and motion. The statements are, respectively,

(A) T – F – T.

(B) F – F – T.

(C) F – T – T.

(D) F – T – F.

(E) T – T – F.

02 – (FGV-2021-PMESP-OFICIAL)

The authors conclude the text by stating that

(A) politicians can be of great help.

(B) technology provides definite results.

(C) the matches obtained are irrefutable.

(D) humans should give the final answer.

(E) high quality cameras are indispensable.

03 – (FGV-2021-PMESP-OFICIAL)

In “Until now, however”,

the word “however” introduces the notion of

(A) cause.

(B) contrast.

(C) emphasis.

(D) agreement.

(E) comparison.

04 – (FGV-2021-PMESP-OFICIAL)

The word that may replace “In fact” in “In fact, it is so important”, without change in meaning, is

(A) Specifically.

(B) Presently.

(C) Currently.

(D) Notably.

(E) Actually.

05 – (FGV-2021-PMESP-OFICIAL)

The word “while” in “While a number of UK and international police forces have been enthusiastically exploring the potential of AFR” has the same meaning as

(A) whence.

(B) wherein.

(C) whereas.

(D) whereby.

(E) whenever.

06 – (FGV-2021-PMESP-OFICIAL)

In the first paragraph, the pronoun “it” in “officers believe possessing it” refers to the

(A) ability to recognize and locate individuals.

(B) craft of effective street policing.

(C) history of committing crime.

(D) new technological solutions.

(E) total police workforce. 

UFSC 2022

 •  UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA-VESTIBULAR-2022. From https://coperve.ufsc.br.

❑ ESTRUTURA DA PROVA:

• 08 questões do tipo somatória.

➧ GABARITO:

Q1-19, Q2-20, Q3-30, Q4-22, Q5-82, Q6-29, Q7-28, Q8-11

➧ VOCABULÁRIO:

1) ACCOLADE - honra (honor), award (prêmio).

* an award for an achievement that people admire. - um prêmio por uma conquista que as pessoas admiram.[Oxford Dictionary]

2) ACHIEVEMENT -  accomplishment (realização), attainment (realização), conquest (conquista), feat (façanha).

3) ALL THE WHILE - o tempo todo.

4) ALONG WITH IT COMES - Junto com ele vem.

5) AS A PROP - Como suporte.

6) AS WITH ANY EXERCISE - Assim como em qualquer exercício.

7) AWARD - premiação, prêmio.

8) COSMOPOLITAN - cosmopolita, Um cosmopolita ou cidadão do mundo é uma pessoa que deseja transcender a divisão geopolítica que é inerente às cidadanias nacionais dos diferentes

9) DECORATION [1 - a thing that makes something look more attractive] - decoração. 

* Christmas decorations - decorações de Natal. [Cambridge Dictionary]

* He's good at cake decoration. - Ele é bom em decoração de bolos. [Cambridge Dictionary]

10) DECORATION [2 - an award or medal that is given to somebody as an honour ] - condecoração, medalha.

* His jacket was heavy with military decorations. -  Sua jaqueta estava pesada com condecorações militares.

11) GYM - academia.

12) HITTING THE GYM - dirigir-se a academia para malhar.

* I'm really out of shape. I need to hit the gym soon. - Estou realmente fora de forma. Eu preciso ir para a academia logo.

* Hey Jack you wanna hit gym? - Ei Jack, você quer ir à academia?

13) IT TURNS OUT THAT - Acontece que. 

14) LIFE'S UNFORTUNATES - desafortunadas da vida.

15) LITTER (1 - rubbish, waste) - lixo.

16) LITTER (2 - baby animals) - filhotes.

17) MASTERPIECE - obra-prima, um excelente exemplo de.

* Her work is a masterpiece of simplicity. - Seu trabalho é uma obra-prima de simplicidade. [Oxford Dictionary]

18) NOVEL - um romance, um livro de romance. Não é novela.

19) PLAYWRIGHT - dramaturgo, uma pessoa que escreve peças de teatro.

20) PLASTIC BAGS - sacolas de plástico.

21) PORTMANTEUA - mala, maleta.

22) POUND - é um exercício aeróbico.

23) POVERTY - pobreza.

24) PRECONCEIVED - preconcebido.

* Before I started the job, I had no preconceived notions of what it would be like. - Antes de começar o trabalho, eu não tinha noções preconcebidas de como seria. [Oxford Dictionary]

25) PRETENTIOUS - pretensioso, querer ser mais importante do que realmente é.

* The restaurant is stuffy, pretentious, and ridiculously expensive. - O restaurante é abafado, pretensioso e ridiculamente caro. [Longman Dictionary]

* I found Susie unbearably pretentious. - Achei a Susie insuportavelmente pretensiosa.

26) RECIPIENT OF(1) - recebedor de prêmio, o vencedor de uma premiação.

* the recipient of the 31st Camões Award. - o vencedor do 31º Prêmio Camões.

27) RECIPIENT OF (2) - recebedor de alguma coisa.

* Lund was the first female recipient of an artificial heart.

28) REGARDED AS - considerado como...

29) RELIEVING STRESS - Aliviar o stress.

30) ROCKIN' MUSIC - música dançante.

31) ROUTE - rota, caminho;

32) SICKLY - doentio.

33) SILK HAMMOCK - rede de seda.

*

34) SLUM - favela.

35) SONGWRITER - compositor.

36) SPINE - coluna.

37) SQUATING - agachamento.

38) STRENGTH - força.

39) THE CHARACTER - o (a) personagem.

40) TO DEBUT - estrear.

41) TO EMPLOY (1- provide job) - empregar alguém, fornecer emprego.

* How many people does your company employ? - Quantas pessoas sua empresa emprega? [Cambridge Dictionary]

42) TO EMPLOY (2- to use something) - usar algo.

* Sophisticated statistical analysis was employed to obtain these results. - Quantas pessoas sua empresa emprega? [Cambridge Dictionary]

43) TO EMPLOY (3- to spend time) - passar tempo.

* He was busily employed in lacing up his shoes. - Ele estava ocupado amarrando seus sapatos. [Cambridge Dictionary]

44) TO GIVE UP - desistir.

45) TO JUMP - pular.

46) TO PICK UP - coletar, recolher.

* to pick up litter - recolher lixo.

47) TO REAP THE BENEFITS - colher os benefícios.

48) TO TAKE ACCOUNT - levar em consideração.

49) TO WORK OUT - malhar.

50) TV SHOW - é um PROGRAMA DE TELEVISÃO. Não é show.

51) UNLOVED - mal amada.

52) WEEKLY WORKOUT - exercício físico semanal. 

➧ TEXT 1:

The hour of the star

Clarice Lispector

Clarice Lispector’s last novel is a short, strange, tour de force – a masterpiece of a book. In The hour of the star, Lispector follows the narrator Rodrigo S. M., a pretentious, cosmopolitan writer describing the act of writing. He is writing about his creation, Macabéa, one of “life’s unfortunates”, a woman living in the slums of Rio. She is poor, sickly, and unloved, and yet she lives simply and happily. “Lispector employs her pathetic heroine against her urbane, empty narrator, and working them like a pair of scissors, she cuts away the reader’s preconceived notions about poverty, identity, love, and the art of fiction.”

• Reviewed by Pierce Alquist 10-17-2018 Source: https://bookriot.com/2018/10/17/clarice-lispector-books. [Adapted]. Accessed on: October 22nd, 2021.

01 – (UFSC-2022) Select the proposition(s) that can be answered according to Text 1 and the accompanying image.

01. Who translated the book?

02. Who is Rodrigo S. M.?

04. Where can the book be bought?

08. When was the book translated?

16. What is the name of one of the characters?

02 – (UFSC-2022) According to Text 1, it is correct to say that:

01. The hour of the star inspired a TV show.

02. Clarice Lispector is the narrator of The hour of the star.

04. one of the characters lives in Rio.

08. the central character is always sad.

16. Pierce Alquist wrote a positive review for The hour of the star.

32. Clarice Lispector’s last book made her famous.

➧ TEXT 2:

Chico Buarque wins Camões Lifetime Achievement Award

This is the biggest accolade in Portuguese-language literature

Published in 22/5/2019 - 16:37

By Gilberto Costa – Brasília

Brazilian singer, songwriter, playwright, and writer Chico Buarque, 74, is the recipient of the 31st Camões Award. The accolade was granted yesterday (May 21st) and took into account the artist’s whole literary work. Along with it comes a prize of 100 thousand euros.

Regarded as the main decoration in Lusophone literature, the Camões Award was created in 1989 by Brazil and Portugal. Every year, an author is named “whose work contributes to the projection and recognition of the language,” according to the Ministry of Culture of Portugal.

Buarque debuted as a fiction writer in 1974 with the novel Fazenda modelo. He is the 13th Brazilian to receive the award, which has been bagged by writers Raduan Nassar (2016), Ferreira Goulart (2010), Lygia Fagundes Telles (2005), and Jorge Amado (1994), among others.

• Translation: Fabrício Ferreira - Edition: Lílian Beraldo / Augusto Queiroz Source: http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/en/geral/noticia/2019-05/chico-buarque-wins-camoes-lifetimeachievement-award. [Adapted]. Accessed on: October 20th, 2021.

03 – (UFSC-2022) According to Text 2, select the correct proposition(s).

01. Chico Buarque was the 74th writer to be nominated for the Camões Award.

02. The Camões Award has had 31 editions.

04. The Camões Award prize was awarded on May 21st.

08. A total of 13 Brazilian writers have received the Camões Award.

16. The Camões Award gives money to the writer who wins the prize.

32. Chico Buarque won the award because of a book he wrote in 1974.

Resposta :  30

 - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:

According to Text 2, select the correct proposition(s).

[De acordo com o Texto 2, selecione a(s) proposição(ões) correta(s)]

01. Chico Buarque was the 74th writer to be nominated for the Camões Award.

[Chico Buarque foi o 74º escritor indicado ao Prêmio Camões.]

• INCORRETO.
• Chico Buarque com 74 anos, é o vencedor do 31º Prêmio Camões, conforme o trecho.
• "[...] Brazilian singer, songwriter, playwright, and writer Chico Buarque, 74, is the recipient of the 31st Camões Award."

02. The Camões Award has had 31 editions.

[O Prémio Camões teve 31 edições.]

• CORRETO conforme o trecho:
• "[...]  is the recipient of the 31st Camões Award."
• é o vencedor do 31º Prémio Camões.

04. The Camões Award prize was awarded on May 21st.

[O Prémio Camões foi entregue no dia 21 de maio.]

• CORRETO conforme o trecho:
• "[...] The accolade was granted yesterday (May 21st)..."
• O prêmio foi concedido ontem (21 de maio)...

08. A total of 13 Brazilian writers have received the Camões Award.

[Ao todo, 13 escritores brasileiros receberam o Prêmio Camões.]

• CORRETO conforme o trecho:
• "[...] He is the 13th Brazilian to receive the award,"
• Ele é o 13º brasileiro a receber o prêmio...

16. The Camões Award gives money to the writer who wins the prize.

[O Prémio Camões dá dinheiro ao escritor premiado.]

• CORRETO conforme o trecho:
• "[...] Along with it comes a prize of 100 thousand euros."
• Junto com ele vem um prêmio de 100 mil euros.

32. Chico Buarque won the award because of a book he wrote in 1974.

[Chico Buarque ganhou o prêmio por causa de um livro que escreveu em 1974.]

• INCORRETO.
• Ele ganhou o prêmio por causa de toda a obra literária do artista, conforme o trecho:
• "[...] and took into account the artist’s whole literary work."
• e levou em conta toda a obra literária do artista.

04 – (UFSC-2022)

Select the proposition(s) that contain(s) an appropriate definition for the underlined words that appear in Text 2.

01. playwright: the act of writing a play

02. achievement: something difficult that you have succeeded in doing

04. accolade: award, honor

08. took into account: saved for future use

16. recognition: the acknowledgment of achievement, service or merit

32. bagged: a container of flexible material

Resposta :  22

 - Questão sobre VOCABULÁRIO:

Select the proposition(s) that contain(s) an appropriate definition for the underlined words that appear in Text 2.

[Selecione a(s) proposição(ões) que contém(m) uma definição apropriada para as palavras sublinhadas que aparecem no Texto 2.]

01. playwright: the act of writing a play

[dramaturgo: o ato de escrever uma peça]

• INCORRETO.
• PLAYWRIGHT (a person who writes plays) é uma pessoa e não um ato.

02. achievement: something difficult that you have succeeded in doing

[realização: algo difícil que você conseguiu fazer]

• CORRETO.
• ACHIEVEMENT means a thing that somebody has done successfully, especially using their own effort and skill - uma coisa que alguém fez com sucesso, especialmente usando seu próprio esforço e habilidade.

04. accolade: award, honor

[accolade: prêmio, honra]

• CORRETO.
• ACCOLADE means praise or an award for an achievement that people admire. - elogio ou um prêmio por uma conquista que as pessoas admiram.

08. took into account: saved for future use

[took into account: salvado para uso futuro]

• INCORRETO.
• TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT means to consider or remember something when judging a situation. - considerar ou lembrar de algo ao julgar uma situação.
• A expressão idiomática "TO TAKE something INTO ACCOUNT" significa "LEVAR ALGO EM CONSIDERAÇÃO", por exemplo:
• The UK's tax system takes no account of children. - O sistema tributário do Reino Unido não leva em consideração as crianças. [Cambridge Dictionary]

16. recognition: the acknowledgment of achievement, service or merit

[recognition: o reconhecimento de realização, serviço ou mérito]

• CORRETO.
• RECOGNITION OF means public praise and reward for somebody’s work or actions. - elogio público e recompensa pelo trabalho ou ações de alguém. [Oxford Dictionary]

32. bagged: a container of flexible material

[bagged: um recipiente de material flexível]

• Contextualmente, BAGGED é o particípio passado do verbo TO BAG no sentido de TO GET(conseguir):
• He is the 13th Brazilian to receive the award, which has been bagged by writers Raduan Nassar (2016), Ferreira Goulart (2010), Lygia Fagundes Telles (2005), and Jorge Amado (1994), among others.
• Ele é o 13º brasileiro a receber o prêmio, que foi CONSEGUIDO pelos os escritores Raduan Nassar (2016), Ferreira Goulart (2010), Lygia Fagundes Telles (2005), Jorge Amado (1994), entre outros.

 ➧ TEXT 3:

90% of people quit after 3 months of hitting the gym; here’s how to be the exception

One of the main reasons people give up a sport is because it was not a good match for them. If you hate running, you’re not likely to stick to it for long. Take a look below for three novelty workout ideas and be part of the 10%.

Pound

Pound is a full-body cardio-based class that mimics playing the drums. Armed with two sticks, you “pound” your way through the hour, slamming your arms to the beat alongside other choreography. No music actually plays from the speakers. Instead, the class makes the music. You’ll jump, you’ll dance, and you’ll play – getting stronger all the while! As with any exercise, Pound classes offer exercisers a new option for relieving stress and keeping a bright outlook. If you enjoy high-energy, group fitness classes with rockin’ music, add Pound to your weekly workout.

Aerial Yoga

This practice looks like a cross between a Cirque du Soleil show and gymnastics. But it turns out you don’t need acrobatic moves to reap the benefits of this type of yoga, also called antigravity yoga. In an aerial yoga class, you perform the same poses you do on a yoga mat, except you use a silk hammock that’s suspended from the ceiling as a prop to support you through the various flows. The purpose of the hammock is to help improve flexibility and build strength, while allowing you to do more challenging poses without added pressure on shoulders, spine, or head.

Plogging

A new Scandinavian trend encourages people to pick up litter while out running. So, it’s not just good for your health, it’s also good for the environment. It’s called “plogging” – a portmanteau of jogging and the Swedish plocka upp, meaning ‘pick up’. Plogging combines going for a run with intermittent squatting (to collect rubbish), which actually sounds like a pretty satisfying workout. According to Lifesum, a typical user will burn 288 calories in 30 minutes of plogging, which is more or less the same as what’s burned off while jogging. Ploggers take plastic bags along with them so they can store the collected litter they find along their route.

Sources: https://mashable.com/2018/02/13/plogging-fitness-trend;

https://www.summitmedicalgroup.com/news/fitness/Pound-Workout-A-New-Fitness-Trend;

https://www.prevention.com/fitness/workouts/a26040326/what-is-aerial-yoga. [Adapted].

Accessed on: October 20th, 2021.

05 – (UFSC-2022)

Select the correct proposition(s) according to Text 3.

01. Only 10% of people work out.

02. Antigravity yoga is the same as aerial yoga.

04. Pound classes use rock ‘n’ roll soundtrack to motivate people.

08. The three novelty workouts are indoor sports.

16. Practicing pound and aerial yoga improves your strength. 32. Plogging burns less calories than jogging.

64. In one of the activities, some movements are performed in the air.

06 – (UFSC-2022)

Select the proposition(s) which contain(s) a correct definition or synonym for the words or expressions in bold as they are used in Text 3.

01. stick to: continue doing

02. outlook: webmail

04. to reap the benefits: to obtain the profits

08. spine: the backbone

16. litter: garbage

32. squatting: jumping

07 – (UFSC-2022)

Select the proposition(s) that can be answered according to Text 3.

01. How often should pound be practiced for good results?

02. How many people go to the gym?

04. Where was plogging invented?

08. Which workout improves flexibility? 16. Which workout is good for nature?

32. Which workout is the best?

➧ TEXT 4:

08 – (UFSC-2022)

Select the correct proposition(s) according to Text 4.

01. Aerial yoga is offered at two levels of difficulty.

02. Hot yoga is more expensive than aerial yoga.

04. This fitness studio offers only group classes.

08. The last class of the day is for relaxation.

16. Your membership is valid for 30 days.

32. Activities for children are only offered on Fridays.

64. If you leave work at 6pm, you arrive on time for Fitness Pilates.