The image depicts a nearly naked man amid a vast area of rainforest, spear pointed at the helicopter hovering above him – a man defending his territory and people from outside influence.
A imagem retrata um homem quase nu em meio a uma vasta área de floresta tropical, com a lança apontada para o helicóptero que paira sobre ele – um homem defendendo seu território e seu povo da influência externa.
Essa mesma cena foi notícia de primeira página há alguns anos no Reino Unido.
It instantly highlighted the loss of ancestral homelands some tribal communities round the world face.
A notícia pôs imediatamente em evidência a perda das terras ancestrais de algumas comunidades tribais de todo o mundo.
Bad news has a way of dominating the headlines, so we're of the opinion that all indigenous communities and their culture are in decline – and that's not true.
As más notícias dominam as manchetes dos jornais, o que nos leva a pensar que todas as comunidades indígenas e a sua cultura estão em declínio - o que não é verdade.
But the allure of propagating the "disappearing tribe" narrative is strong.
Mas o fascínio de propagar a narrativa da “tribo desaparecida” é forte.
It’s frustrating to see journalists who go on assignment with a set story in mind and then seek out quotes, experiences or interviews to fit their predetermined angle.
É frustrante ver jornalistas que partem para um trabalho com uma história definida em mente e depois procuram citações, experiências ou entrevistas que se ajustem ao seu ângulo pré-determinado.
01 – In the text the author expresses his opinion that
(A) a number of indigenous communities round the world are losing their lands but, fortunately, not all
of them.
(B) it is improper for journalists to search for information that will conform to a narrative previously
decided on.
(C) it is a duty of journalism to take a stand against menaces to indigenous communities round
the world.
(D) the “disappearing tribe” narrative is powerful, but it can in fact harm rather than help the populations
affected.
(E) endangered native peoples should have all the right to protect themselves and their ancestral
homelands.
• Gabarito B
In the text the author expresses his opinion that
No texto o autor expressa sua opinião de que
(A) a number of indigenous communities round the world are losing their lands but, fortunately, not all of them.
várias comunidades indígenas em todo o mundo estão a perder as suas terras, mas, felizmente, nem todas.
(B) it is improper for journalists to search for information that will conform to a narrative previously decided on.
é impróprio que jornalistas busquem informações que se enquadrem em uma narrativa previamente decidida.
(C) it is a duty of journalism to take a stand against menaces to indigenous communities round the world.
é dever do jornalismo tomar posição contra as ameaças às comunidades indígenas em todo o mundo.
(D) the “disappearing tribe” narrative is powerful, but it can in fact harm rather than help the populations affected.
a narrativa da “tribo desaparecida” é poderosa, mas pode de fato prejudicar, em vez de ajudar, as populações afetadas.
(E) endangered native peoples should have all the right to protect themselves and their ancestral homelands.
os povos nativos ameaçados devem ter todo o direito de proteger a si mesmos e às suas terras ancestrais.
➭ TRECHO - OPINIÃO DO AUTOR:
It’s frustrating to see journalists who go on assignment with a set story in mind and then seek out quotes, experiences or interviews to fit their predetermined angle.
É frustrante ver jornalistas que partem para um trabalho com uma história definida em mente e depois procuram citações, experiências ou entrevistas que se ajustem ao seu ângulo pré-determinado.
02 – In the fragment from the second paragraph “so we’re of the opinion that”, the underlined word
refers to
(A) the writers of the text.
(B) journalists by and large.
(C) the general public who watch the news about native populations.
(D) people who do research on indigenous populations.
(E) journalists worried about the potential loss of lands by their original inhabitants.
• Gabarito C
In the fragment from the second paragraph “so we’re of the opinion that”, the underlined word refers to
(A) the writers of the text.
os escritores do texto.
jornalistas em geral.
o público em geral que assiste às notícias sobre as populações nativas.
(D) people who do research on indigenous populations.
pessoas que fazem pesquisas sobre populações indígenas.
(E) journalists worried about the potential loss of lands by their original inhabitants.
jornalistas preocupados com a potencial perda de terras pelos seus habitantes originais.
➭ NO TRECHO:
Bad news has a way of dominating the headlines, so we're of the opinion that all indigenous communities and their culture are in decline – and that's not true. – As más notícias costumam dominar as manchetes, por isso ACREDITAMOS QUE todas as comunidades indígenas e a sua cultura estão em declínio – e isso não é verdade.
03 – In the context of the second paragraph, the expression “
the allure of” means
(A) the argument against.
(B) the justification for.
(C) the appeal to.
(D) the motive for.
(E) the longing for.
a expressão “o fascínio de” significa
(A) the argument against.
o argumento contra a.
(B) the justification for.
a justificativa para propagar a.
(C) the appeal to.
o apelo à.
(D) the motive for.
o motivo para.
(E) the longing for.
O desejo forte e persistente, especialmente por algo inatingível ou distante
➭ NO TRECHO:
"[...] But the allure of propagating the "disappearing tribe" narrative is strong."
Mas o fascínio de propagar a narrativa da "tribo em desaparecimento" é forte.
❑ TEXTO 2: Read the text to answer questions from 04 to 06.
The aliens among us
Os alienígenas entre nós
Humans think of themselves as the world’s apex predators.
Os humanos consideram-se os maiores predadores do mundo.
Hence the silence of sabre-tooth tigers,
the absence of moas from New Zealand and the long list of endangered megafauna.
Daí o silêncio dos tigres-dentes-de-sabre, a ausência de moas na Nova Zelândia e a longa lista de megafauna ameaçada de extinção.
But sars-cov-2
shows how people can also end up as prey.
Mas o SARS-CoV-2 mostra como as pessoas também podem acabar como presas.
Viruses have caused a litany of modern pandemics, from
Covid-19, to hiv/aids to the influenza outbreak in 1918-20, which killed many more people than the first
world war.
Os vírus provocaram uma série de pandemias modernas, desde a Covid-19 ao VIH/SIDA, passando pelo surto de gripe de 1918-20, que matou muito mais pessoas do que a Primeira Guerra Mundial.
Before that, the colonisation of the Americas by Europeans was abetted – and perhaps made
possible – by epidemics of smallpox, measles and influenza brought unwittingly by the invaders, which
annihilated many of the original inhabitants.
Antes disso, a colonização das Américas pelos europeus foi incentivada – e talvez possibilitada – por epidemias de varíola, sarampo e gripe trazidas involuntariamente pelos invasores, que aniquilaram muitos dos habitantes originais.
04 – In the second sentence in the text, the term “hence” can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
(A) For instance.
(B) Accordingly.
(C) Nevertheless.
(D) Alternatively.
(E) Furthermore.
• Gabarito B
In the second sentence in the text, the term “hence” can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
Na segunda frase do texto, o termo “portanto” pode ser substituído, sem alteração de significado, por
(A) For instance.
(for example = por exemplo)
(B) Accordingly.
(therefore = hence = daí, por isso, por esse motivo)
(C) Nevertheless.
(notwithstanding = mesmo assim)
(D) Alternatively.
(on the other hand = alternativamente)
(E) Furthermore.
(moreover = além disso, além do mais)
>> IDEIA CONTEXTUAL:
"[...] Hence the silence of sabre-tooth tigers, the absence of moas from New Zealand and the long list of endangered megafauna."
(Daí o silêncio dos tigres dente-de-sabre, a ausência de moas da Nova Zelândia e a longa lista de megafauna ameaçadas de extinção.)
05 – According to the text,
(A) humans can be either victims or aggressors, depending on the virus we refer to.
(B) viruses have always posed a threat, not only to humans but also to the megafauna.
(C) the absolute silence of viruses contradicts their extensive destructive power.
(D) pandemics have always existed despite human efforts throughout centuries to control them.
(E) the settlement of new peoples in the Americas was favoured by the epidemics decimating native
populations.
• Gabarito E
According to the text,
De acordo com o texto,
(A) humans can be either victims or aggressors, depending on the virus we refer to.
(os humanos podem ser vítimas ou agressores, dependendo do vírus a que nos referimos.)
(B) viruses have always posed a threat, not only to humans but also to the megafauna.
(os vírus sempre representaram uma ameaça, não apenas para os humanos, mas também para a megafauna.)
(C) the absolute silence of viruses contradicts their extensive destructive power.
(o silêncio absoluto dos vírus contradiz seu extenso poder destrutivo.)
(D) pandemics have always existed despite human efforts throughout centuries to control them.
(As pandemias sempre existiram, apesar dos esforços humanos ao longo dos séculos para controlá-las.)
(E) the settlement of new peoples in the Americas was favoured by the epidemics decimating native populations.
(o assentamento de novos povos nas Américas foi favorecido pelas epidemias que dizimam as populações nativas.)
>> Conforme o trecho:
"[...] Before that, the colonisation of the Americas by Europeans was abetted – and perhaps made possible – by epidemics of smallpox, measles and influenza brought unwittingly by the invaders, which annihilated many of the original inhabitants."
(Antes disso, a colonização das Américas pelos europeus foi favorecida - e talvez tornada possível - por epidemias de varíola, sarampo e gripe trazidas involuntariamente pelos invasores, que aniquilaram muitos dos habitantes originais.)
➭ ABETTED – FACILITADA, FAVORECIDA. ➭ UNWITTINGLY (= inadvertently, ) – INCONSCIENTEMENTE, INVOLUNTARIAMENTE, DE FORMA NÃO INTENCIONAL.
06 – In the fragment “epidemics of smallpox, measles and influenza brought unwittingly by the invaders”,
the underlined word can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
(A) unfavorably.
(B) unhopefully.
(C) irresponsibly.
(D) inadvertently.
(E) dishonestly.
• Gabarito E
In the fragment “epidemics of smallpox, measles and influenza brought unwittingly by the invaders”, the underlined word can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by No fragmento “epidemias de varíola, sarampo e gripe trazidas involuntariamente[sem querer, inconscientemente, inadvertidamente] pelos invasores”, a palavra sublinhada pode ser substituída, sem alteração de sentido, por
(A) unfavorably.
(desfavoravelmente)
(B) unhopefully.
(sem esperança)
(C) irresponsibly.
(irresponsabilidade)
(inadvertidamente, sem intenção, sem querer, )
(E) dishonestly.
(desonestamente)
❑ TEXTO 3: Read the text to answer questions 07 and 08.
It wasn’t the first attempt to deter foreign students, but it could have been the most disruptive.
Não foi a primeira tentativa de dissuadir os estudantes estrangeiros, mas pode ter sido a mais perturbadora.
The
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency sought to bar visas for international students at
colleges that offer only virtual instruction.
O Serviço de Imigração e Alfândega dos EUA (ICE) tentou proibir os vistos para estudantes internacionais em faculdades que apenas oferecem aulas virtuais.
Students on existing visas would have had to transfer to a
school that offers at least some in-person teaching if they wanted to remain in the U.S.
Os alunos com vistos existentes teriam de se transferir para uma instituição que oferecesse pelo menos algum ensino presencial se quisessem permanecer nos EUA.
The policy swiftly brought together a broad coalition of colleges, states and businesses that
opposed it.
A política rapidamente reuniu uma ampla coligação de faculdades, estados e empresas que se lhe opuseram.
“The
overwhelming negative reaction to this proposal in a very short period of time shows
that the administration really struck a nerve with this,” says Terry Hartle, from the American Council on
Education.
"A esmagadora reação negativa a esta proposta num período de tempo muito curto mostra que o governo realmente tocou num ponto sensível com isto", diz Terry Hartle, do Conselho Americano de Educação.
"É sem precedentes que tantas faculdades e universidades apresentem ações judiciais contra o governo federal".
- (Bloomberg Businessweek, 20.07.2020. Adapted.)
07 – The expressions from the first paragraph “
could have been” and “
would have had” help understand
that, as to exclusively virtual instruction in U.S. universities and colleges,
(B) the barrier against international students is still a possibility.
(D) impeding
foreign students to attend school in the U.S. will disrupt their lives.
(E) the veto of the proposal resulted from coordinated action by colleges, states and the police.
• Gabarito A
The expressions from the first paragraph “could have been” and “would have had” help understand that, as to exclusively virtual instruction in U.S. universities and colleges,
As expressões do primeiro parágrafo "PODERIA TER SIDO" e "TERIA" ajudam a entender que, no que diz respeito à instrução exclusivamente virtual em universidades e faculdades dos EUA,...
(A) the government has backed down from its proposal to bar visas for foreign students.
(o governo desistiu de sua proposta de barrar vistos para estudantes estrangeiros.)
(B) the barrier against international students is still a possibility.
(a barreira contra estudantes internacionais ainda é uma possibilidade.)
(C) foreign students have no alternative but to transfer to a new school.
(os alunos estrangeiros não têm alternativa a não ser se transferir para uma nova escola.)
(D) impeding foreign students to attend school in the U.S. will disrupt their lives.
(impedir os alunos estrangeiros de frequentar a escola nos EUA irá perturbar suas vidas.)
(E) the veto of the proposal resulted from coordinated action by colleges, states and the police.
(o veto à proposta resultou de uma ação coordenada de faculdades, estados e polícia.)
08 – The expression from the second paragraph “struck a nerve” means, in the context:
(A) made the wrong decision.
(B) triggered nervous breakdowns.
(C) created an unmanageable situation.
(D) provoked a student uprising.
(E) stirred anger and outrage.
• Gabarito E
The expression from the second paragraph “struck a nerve” means, in the context: A expressão do segundo parágrafo “struck a nerve”(atingiu um nervo) significa, no contexto:
(A) made the wrong decision.
(tomou a decisão errada)
(B) triggered nervous breakdowns.
(desencadeou colapsos nervosos.)
(C) created an unmanageable situation.
(criou uma situação incontrolável.)
(D) provoked a student uprising.
(provocou uma revolta estudantil.)
(E) stirred anger and outrage.
(despertou raiva e indignação.)
❑ TEXTO 4: Read the text to answer questions 09 and 10.
We are at the beginning of a long road to rethinking and rebuilding supply chain models to
encompass not just financial priorities but also business operations continuity in the most trying of
circumstances.
Estamos no início de um longo caminho para repensar e reconstruir modelos de cadeia de abastecimento, de modo a abranger não só as prioridades financeiras, mas também a continuidade das operações comerciais nas circunstâncias mais desafiantes.
Executives from France and Italy, for example, are discussing ways to remake their
businesses in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Os executivos de França e Itália, por exemplo, estão a discutir formas de reestruturar os seus negócios após a pandemia de Covid-19.
Their specialty is supply chains. They are smart
people at the core of the world’s most sophisticated and valuable systems of manufacture, shipment,
and inventory, and yet many of their supply systems staggered in the past few months – the byproduct
of reliance on old business models.
São pessoas inteligentes que estão no centro dos sistemas de fabrico, expedição e stock mais sofisticados e valiosos do mundo, e, no entanto, muitos dos seus sistemas de fornecimento cambalearam nos últimos meses – resultado da dependência de modelos de negócio antigos.
- (Antonio Gulli. www.forbes.com, 28.07.2020. Adapted.)
09 – One problem concerning supply chains after the outbreak of Covid-19 relates to
(A) the way the pandemic has thoroughly affected supply businesses.
(B) the resistance of top executives to redesign existing business paradigms in novel circumstances.(a resistência dos altos executivos em redesenhar os paradigmas de negócios existentes em novas circunstâncias.)
(C) the long-term difficulty in establishing financial priorities in the supply chain business.
(D) the instability of supply systems which still follow old business models.
(E) the sophistication of supply chain processes, which renders innovation onerous.
• Gabarito D
One problem concerning supply chains after the outbreak of Covid-19 relates to
Um problema relacionado às cadeias de suprimentos após o surto da Covid-19 está relacionado a...
(A) the way the pandemic has thoroughly affected supply businesses.
(a forma como a pandemia afetou profundamente as empresas de suprimentos.)
(B) the resistance of top executives to redesign existing business paradigms in novel circumstances.
(a resistência de altos executivos para redesenhar paradigmas de negócios existentes em circunstâncias novas.)
(C) the long-term difficulty in establishing financial priorities in the supply chain business.
(a dificuldade de longo prazo em estabelecer prioridades financeiras nos negócios da cadeia de suprimentos.)
(a instabilidade dos sistemas de suprimentos que ainda seguem antigos modelos de negócios.)
(E) the sophistication of supply chain processes, which renders innovation onerous.
(a sofisticação dos processos da cadeia de suprimentos, o que torna a inovação onerosa.)
10 – In the fragment “and yet many of their supply systems staggered in the past few months”, the
underlined word introduces a
(A) contrast.
(B) time relation.
(C) purpose.
(D) consequence.
(E) justification.
• Gabarito A
In the fragment “and
yet many of their supply systems staggered in the past few months”, the underlined word introduces a
No fragmento “e, no entanto, muitos dos seus sistemas de abastecimento vacilaram nos últimos meses”, a palavra sublinhada introduz uma
(A) contrast.
(contraste, ressalva)
(B) time relation.
(relação de tempo)
(C) purpose.
(propósito)
(D) consequence.
(consequência)
(E) justification.
(justificação, razão)
>> TRECHO:
• "[...] They are smart people at the core of the world’s most sophisticated and valuable systems of manufacture, shipment, and inventory, and yet many of their supply systems staggered in the past few months – the byproduct of reliance on old business models."
• (Eles são pessoas inteligentes no núcleo dos sistemas mais sofisticados e valiosos do mundo de manufatura, remessa e estoque, e ainda assim muitos de seus sistemas de abastecimento cambalearam nos últimos meses - o subproduto da dependência de modelos de negócios antigos.)
❑ TEXTO 5: Read the text and the graphs.
Bypassed by the rescue
Ignorado pelo resgate
In a pandemic that’s wreaked widespread economic havoc, Cleveland has been among the hardest hit cities in the U.S.
Numa pandemia que causou estragos económicos generalizados, Cleveland está entre as cidades mais afetadas nos EUA.
And at a time when the U.S. is engaged in another conversation about its
foundational racial inequalities, not much of Washington’ $2 trillion has reached Cleveland’s
predominantly Black neighborhoods.
E numa altura em que os EUA estão envolvidos noutra conversa sobre as suas desigualdades raciais fundamentais, não muito dos 2 biliões de dólares de Washington chegaram aos bairros predominantemente negros de Cleveland.
- (Bloomberg Businessweek, 20.07.2020. Adapted.)
11 – By comparing the text and the graphs it is possible to state that
(A) the help provided by the government has amplified the percentage of American Black families who
own their homes.
(B) racial disparity in Cleveland was not narrowed over the first months of the Covid-19 pandemic.
(C) the financial aid from Washington has mitigated long-standing racial imbalances in the country.
(D) minority neighborhoods have been the least penalized of all in Cleveland.
(E) the government should be made responsible for the high number of Covid-19 cases between Black
Americans.
• Gabarito B
By comparing the text and the graphs it is possible to state that
Ao comparar o texto e os gráficos é possível afirmar que...
(A) the help provided by the government has amplified the percentage of American Black families who own their homes.
(a ajuda fornecida pelo governo ampliou a porcentagem de famílias negras americanas que possuem suas próprias casas.)
(B) racial disparity in Cleveland was not narrowed over the first months of the Covid-19 pandemic.
(a disparidade racial em Cleveland não diminuiu nos primeiros meses da pandemia de Covid-19.)
(C) the financial aid from Washington has mitigated long-standing racial imbalances in the country.
(a ajuda financeira de Washington mitigou desequilíbrios raciais de longa data no país.)
(D) minority neighborhoods have been the least penalized of all in Cleveland.
(os bairros das minorias foram os menos penalizados de todos em Cleveland.)
(E) the government should be made responsible for the high number of Covid-19 cases between Black Americans.
(o governo deve ser responsabilizado pelo alto número de casos Covid-19 entre negros americanos.)
The American embassy escaped the blast in Beirut’s port unscathed.
A embaixada americana escapou ilesa da explosão no porto de Beirute.
Many Western countries either have missions in the city centre or diplomats who live in the area.
Muitos países ocidentais têm missões no centro da cidade ou diplomatas que vivem na zona.
The wife of the Dutch ambassador was killed, as was a German diplomat.
A esposa do embaixador holandês foi morta, assim como um diplomata alemão.
But America’s embassy sits in the mountain village of Awkar, five miles from the port.
Mas a embaixada dos Estados Unidos fica na aldeia montanhosa de Awkar, a oito quilómetros do porto.
Security measures are onerous, a hangover from the bombing of the American embassy in Beirut in 1983, which killed 63 people.
As medidas de segurança são pesadas, uma ressaca do bombardeamento da embaixada americana em Beirute em 1983, que matou 63 pessoas.
It took a week before the ambassador, Dorothy Shea, a career diplomat, toured the port.
Foi preciso uma semana para que a embaixadora, Dorothy Shea, uma diplomata de carreira, visitasse o porto.
Even on social media it has been far quieter than other
foreign powers.
Mesmo nas redes sociais tem sido muito mais silencioso do que outras potências estrangeiras.
- (www.economist.com, 13.08.2020. Adapted.)
12 – The descriptions in the paragraph
(A) underscore the extent of the damage brought about by a bombing in Beirut last August.
(B) display differences in approach between American diplomacy and other countries’ in the moments
shortly following the explosion.
(C) depict covert and behind-the-scenes divergences between the American and the Lebanese
governments.
(D) accuse the American government of omission for fear of a new threat against American citizens.
(E) point out the low visibility of America’s diplomacy in the Beirut’s event due to both, the Embassy’s
location and attitude.
• Gabarito E
The descriptions in the paragraph
As descrições no parágrafo
(A) underscore the extent of the damage brought about by a bombing in Beirut last August.
sublinham a dimensão dos danos provocados por um bombardeamento em Beirute, em agosto passado.
(B) display differences in approach between American diplomacy and other countries’ in the moments shortly following the explosion.
mostram diferenças de abordagem entre a diplomacia americana e a de outros países nos momentos logo após a explosão.
(C) depict covert and behind-the-scenes divergences between the American and the Lebanese governments.
retratam divergências encobertas e de bastidores entre os governos americano e libanês.
(D) accuse the American government of omission for fear of a new threat against American citizens.
acusam o governo americano de omissão por medo de uma nova ameaça contra os cidadãos americanos.
(E) point out the low visibility of America’s diplomacy in the Beirut’s event due to both, the Embassy’s location and attitude.
apontam a baixa visibilidade da diplomacia americana no evento de Beirute devido tanto à localização como à atitude da Embaixada.
>> TRECHOS:
It took a week before the ambassador, Dorothy Shea, a career diplomat, toured the port. – Foi preciso uma semana para que a embaixadora, Dorothy Shea, uma diplomata de carreira, visitasse o porto.
Even on social media it has been far quieter than other foreign powers. – Mesmo nas redes sociais tem sido muito mais silencioso do que outras potências estrangeiras.
Shimmering white and gracefully statuesque, the Mount Washington Hotel is a granite fortress, a
manmade anomaly among the raw wilderness of the surrounding White Mountains in remote northern
New Hampshire, U.S. Even to this day, the hotel is geographically secured by 800,000 acres of the
White Mountain National Forest around it. This was the main reason why the Hotel was chosen for a
World War Two meeting – a meeting that shaped present-day global economic policies.
- (Linda Laban. www.bbc.com, 26.08.2020. Adapted.)
13 – The term “this”, which introduces the last sentence in the text, refers to the fact that the Mount
Washington Hotel
(A) diplays gracefulness and imponence.
(B) served as home to a crucial World War meeting.
(C) stands as strong as a granite fortress.
(D) is isolated and nearly secret.
(E) marvels visitors with its beautiful surrounding scenery.
• Gabarito D
The term “this”, which introduces the last sentence in the text, refers to the fact that the Mount Washington Hotel
O termo “isto”, que introduz a última frase do texto, refere-se ao fato de o Hotel Mount Washington
(A) diplays gracefulness and imponence.
exibe graciosidade e imponência.
(B) served as home to a crucial World War meeting.
serviu de sede a um encontro crucial da Segunda Guerra Mundial.
(C) stands as strong as a granite fortress.
ergue-se tão forte como uma fortaleza granítica.
(D) is isolated and nearly secret.
é isolada e quase segrega.
(E) marvels visitors with its beautiful surrounding scenery.
maravilha os visitantes com a sua bela paisagem envolvente.
❑ TEXTO 8: Read the text to answer questions 14 and 15.
The formula for calculating people’s environmental footprint is simple, but widely misunderstood:
Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology (I = PAT). The global rate of consumption growth, before
the pandemic, was 3% a year. Population growth is 1%. Some people assume this means that the rise in
population bears one-third of the responsibility for increased consumption. But population growth is
overwhelmingly concentrated among the world’s poorest people, who have scarcely any A or T to
multiply their P.
A fórmula para calcular a pegada ambiental das pessoas é simples, mas amplamente mal compreendida: Impacto = População x Afluência x Tecnologia (I = PAT). A taxa global de crescimento do consumo, antes da pandemia, era de 3% ao ano. O crescimento populacional é de 1%. Algumas pessoas presumem que isto significa que o aumento da população é responsável por um terço do aumento do consumo. Mas o crescimento populacional está predominantemente concentrado entre as pessoas mais pobres do mundo, que praticamente não têm A ou T para multiplicar o seu P.
Yet it is widely used as a blanket explanation of environment breakdown. Panic about population
growth enables the people most responsible for the impacts of rising consumption (the affluent) to blame
those who are least responsible.
No entanto, é amplamente utilizada como explicação genérica para o colapso ambiental. O pânico em relação ao crescimento populacional permite que os mais responsáveis pelos impactos do aumento do consumo (os ricos) culpem os menos responsáveis.
- (George Monbiot. www.theguardian.com, 26.08.2020. Adapted.)
14 – The text states that
(A) population growth has proven to have overwhelming impact on environmental degradation.
(B) population growth is the main determinant in consumption growth.
(C) the wealthy should be most directly accountable for global ecological damage.
(D) the poor should be most directly accountable for global ecological damage.
(E) poor access to technology and other resources reduces environmental breakdown.
• Gabarito C
The text states that
O texto afirma que
(A) population growth has proven to have overwhelming impact on environmental degradation.
o crescimento populacional demonstrou ter um impacto avassalador na degradação ambiental.
(B) population growth is the main determinant in consumption growth.
o crescimento populacional é o principal determinante do crescimento do consumo.
(C) the wealthy should be most directly accountable for global ecological damage.
os ricos devem ser os mais diretamente responsáveis pelos danos ecológicos globais.
(D) the poor should be most directly accountable for global ecological damage.
os pobres devem ser os mais diretamente responsáveis pelos danos ecológicos globais.
(E) poor access to technology and other resources reduces environmental breakdown.
o acesso deficiente à tecnologia e a outros recursos reduz a degradação ambiental.
15 – The formula for calculating people’s environmental footprint
(A) is inadequate because it does not capture all sides of the relation between population growth
and environmental degradation.
(B) has proved inefficient to properly relate world’s population and ecological damage during the
present pandemic times.
(C) has been wrongly used as the only explanation of causes for ecological breakdown.
(D) has demonstrated that a 3% rise in the world population represents 1% of the responsibility for
consumption growth.
(E) is often too plainly interpreted as equating population growth with an equivalent increase in
ecological damage and in consumption.
• Gabarito E
The formula for calculating people’s environmental footprint
A fórmula para calcular a pegada ambiental das pessoas
(A) is inadequate because it does not capture all sides of the relation between population growth and environmental degradation.
é inadequada porque não capta todos os lados da relação entre o crescimento populacional e a degradação ambiental.
(B) has proved inefficient to properly relate world’s population and ecological damage during the present pandemic times.
revelou-se ineficiente para relacionar adequadamente a população mundial e os danos ecológicos durante os atuais tempos de pandemia.
(C) has been wrongly used as the only explanation of causes for ecological breakdown.
tem sido erradamente utilizada como a única explicação para as causas do colapso ecológico.
(D) has demonstrated that a 3% rise in the world population represents 1% of the responsibility for consumption growth.
demonstrou que um aumento de 3% da população mundial representa 1% da responsabilidade pelo crescimento do consumo.
(E) is often too plainly interpreted as equating population growth with an equivalent increase in ecological damage and in consumption.
é frequentemente interpretada de forma muito clara como a equiparação do crescimento populacional a um aumento equivalente dos danos ecológicos e do consumo.
