EEAR 2/2018 BCT

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: 

• EEAR-CFS-2/2018-CONTROLE DE TRÁFEGO AÉREO-ESCOLA DE ESPECIALISTAS DE AERONÁUTICA.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 24 Multiple Choice Questions / 4 Options Each Question.

❑ PROVA:

❑ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the text and answer questions 01, 02, 03 and 04:

Brazil takes on the European Refugee Crisis

In 2016 significantly less refugees_____in Europe than the year before. The Organization for Migration and the EU border agency Frontex have reported a notable decline in the number of migrants arriving on Europe's shores by nearly two-thirds. These numbers, however, are by no means an indication of improvement in the international situation of refugees.

It's evident that something has to change in the international mindset to bring an end to the enduring human rights violations concerning millions of people. Surprisingly, a potential wind of change has come from Brazil, a country facing a deep economic and political crisis.

Brazil is one of the biggest recipients of refugees in Latin America. In 2013 they introduced a humanitarian visa program for Syrians, processing 8.450 humanitarian visas on basis of which more than 2.000 Syrian refugees have already settled in Brazil. Brazil has several reasons to pursue a recipient immigration policy. Receiving immigrants from all over the world helps to boost the country’s international reputation and to turn around its negative image regarding a high crime rate and an even higher external debt. Immigrants in Brazil also seem to be perceived as less as a (financial) burden than in many European countries.

Fonte: www.dailymail.com.uk

GLOSSARY
*mindset - atitudes das pessoas
*enduring - resistente, duradoura
*financial burden - carga financeira

01 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-BCT-TURMA 2)

Choose the best verbal form to have the text completed correctly:

(A) arrived
(B) had arrived
(C) have arrived
(D) have been arriving

02 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-BCT-TURMA 2)

According to the text, we can say that

(A) just Syrians refugees are settled in Brazil.
(B) Brazil has supported many Syrian refugees.
(C) Brazil has no interest in humanitarian programs.
(D) due to the huge crisis, Brazil has refused foreigners.

03 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-BCT-TURMA 2)

As used in (line 5), 'however' is closest in meaning to

(A) besides.
(B) although.
(C) moreover.
(D) in addition.

04 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-BCT-TURMA 2)

'a potential wind of change has come (...)' in bold in the text,

means

(A) there's a possibility of change.
(B) the changing has just started.
(C) the changing has happened.
(D) there's a hope of changing.

➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the cartoon and choose the best response.

05 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-BCT-TURMA 2)

According to the cartoon,

(A) the guy is arguing with his parents about his graduation gift.
(B) the guy’s father is being intentionally sarcastic about the issue.
(C) the guy’s parents are discussing about their present graduation.
(D) the guy’s parents are expecting to win a great gift for his graduation.

❑ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the text and answer questions 06, 07, 08, 09, 10 and 11:

Inside Lilium, The World’s First Vertical Takeoff And

Landing Private Jet

Wonder what’s in store for the future of private jet flying? Here’s a glimpse. A start-up company - hosted in a European Space Agency (ESA) business incubator center in Bavaria - released an idea for an egg-shaped two-seater plane called Lilium that’s currently in the works. With a top speed of 250 mph and a range of 300 miles, the plane can travel roughly between Munich and Berlin in about 90 minutes. And according to the ESA, if testing succeeds, this _____the world’s first vertical takeoff and landing private jet.

The project came about when Daniel Wiegand - one of the four founders of Lilium - wanted to realize flying for the masses in a fast, inexpensive, efficient and eco-friendly way. ‘Our goal is to develop an aircraft that doesn’t need the complex and expensive infrastructure of an airport, can be used close to urban areas, and doesn’t produce too much noise and pollution,’ he said. So to produce this new class of airplanes that could take off and land vertically anywhere with a surface area of 250 square feet by 2018, Wiegand and his team in Germany came up with a design using electric engines and incorporated movable fan turbines.

Fonte: www.forbes.com

GLOSSARY

• *glimpse - uma ideia para entender melhor algo

06 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-BCT-TURMA 2)

Choose the best verbal form to have the text completed correctly:

a) is
b) was
c) will be
d) would be

07 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-BCT-TURMA 2)

According to the text, Lilium

a) is a European Space Agency business incubator center.
b) is a helicopter with a vertical takeoff and landing system.
c) is an electric jet with lower cost for short range journeys.
d) is an unmanned aircraft which is affordable for the masses.

08 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-BCT-TURMA 2)

Write (T) for true statements and (F) for false statements and choose the alternative that corresponds to the right order.

(  ) The noise created by Lilium is too loud.

(  ) Lilium will be a sustainable form of air transportation.

(  ) Lilium has fan engines and an innovative technology to cut pollution.

(  ) A European Space Agency designed an amazing aircraft with space for more than two people to sit.

a) F - F - T - T
b) T - F - F - T
c) T - T - T - F
d) F - T - F - F

09 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-BCT-TURMA 2)

Choose the alternative in which the prefix ‘in-’ was used to form an opposite.

a) incubator (line 3)
b) inexpensive (line 12)
c) incorporated (line 20)
d) infrastructure (line 14)

10 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-BCT-TURMA 2)

Which word, in bold in the text, means approximately?
a) by
b) about
c) close to
d) between

11 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-BCT-TURMA 2)

As used in (line 5), ‘currently’ can be replaced by
a) now.
b) finally.
c) actually.
d) eventually.

❑ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the extract and answer the question 12.

To be or not to be

Every one knows that ‘To be or Not to be, that is the question’ comes from Hamlet, but when someone says ‘Neither a borrower nor a lender be’, they are probably unaware that they also quoting from the same play.

Innovations/ Thompson

12 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-BCT-TURMA 2)

The quotation, in bold in the extract, means

a) If you borrow something, you must refuse to give it back.
b) If you are not a borrower, you can’t be a lender.
c) Don’t be a lender or a borrower.
d) It’s better to borrow than save.

❑ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the text and answer questions 13, 14 and 15.

The birds and the bees

My little boy came in the other day with a really serious look on his face and said, ‘Dad, do you mind if I ask you a question? Where do I come from?’ I’d been dreading this question for ages, but like a good father, I sat him down and gently told him all about the birds and the bees. When I’d finished, he was very quite. He then got up and went, ‘thank you, Dad’ and headed for the door. I said, ‘So what made you ask me?’ and he turned around and said, ‘I just want to know, because Bobby next door says HE comes from Manchester!’

Fonte: Innovations/ Thompson

13 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-BCT-TURMA 2)

‘headed’, underlined in the text, means

a) turned the head.
b) went towards.
c) looked.
d) pushed.

14 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-BCT-TURMA 2)

According to the text, we can infer that

a) children are always polemic.
b) no adults are prepared to answer some issues.
c) after simple questions, it’s better to give simple answers.
d) fathers and sons almost always have difficulty in getting along.

15 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-BCT-TURMA 2)

In

“I’d been dreading this question for ages (...)”,

we can infer that

a) the father wasn’t expecting that question.
b) his father’s words could be perfectly understood.
c) the father was well prepared to answer the question.
d) the father feared the day his son would ask him questions about sex.

❑ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the text and answer questions 16, 17, 18 and 19:

JetBlue ... The crisis? Never heard of it...

The domestic air transport market in the USA must seem highly unstable to newcomers, including low-cost carriers. Of the 82 airlines formed in ten years ____ followed deregulation in 1978, only two have survived - America West and Mid-west Express. Statistics show that three-quarters of all projects never even get off the ground and that most of the others crash in less than five years.

Paradoxically, Southwest Airlines, the No.1 success story in the US air transport today, was founded before deregulation (in 1972), though it did take advantage of it. Many of those who tried to imitate the Southwest model came to grief. Not JetBlue,______just four years after it was formed is continuing to grow at a spectacular rate.

Fonte: Revista Planet Aero-Space

GLOSSARY

• come to grief - falir
• deregulation - desregulamentação

16 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-BCT-TURMA 2)

The best alternative to complete the text is:

(A) that / how
(B) when / that
(C) that / which
(D) which / when

17 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-BCT-TURMA 2)

According to the text, it’s correct to say that

a) just a few airlines have survived the crisis.
b) big companies get better results than the others.
c) none of the 82 airlines formed in 10 years has failed so far.
d) domestic air transport market in the USA is not really vulnerable to newcomers.

18 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-BCT-TURMA 2)

‘Paradoxically’, in bold in the text was used to express

a) similar ideas.
b) opposite features.
c) additional information.
d) negative consequences.

19 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-BCT-TURMA 2)

According to the text, all alternatives are correct, EXCEPT:

a) there’s no crisis for JetBlue.
b) JetBlue has been growing for four years.
c) crisis is something never heard by JetBlue.
d) JetBlue sales are going down at a spectacular rate.

❑ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the text and answer questions 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24.

        
The practical impacts of climate change can be hard to predict _____ the large scales of time and geography over which changes are occurring. But more frequent jolts in midair could be one way in which individuals will soon literally feel the effects.

A new scientific study says that severe turbulence could become two to three times more common later this century when there is twice as much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

‘Our new study paints the most detailed picture yet of how aircraft turbulence will respond to climate change,’ says author Dr. Paul Williams. ‘Even the most seasoned frequent fliers may be alarmed at the prospect of a 149% increase in severe turbulence, which frequently hospitalizes air travelers and flight attendants around the world.’

Climate change is expected to lead to stronger vertical wind shears in the jet stream, at the cruising altitude for most jet aircraft. Wind shears can become unstable and cause turbulence.

Williams used supercomputers simulations that calculate clear-air turbulence along Transatlantic routes in winter and found all turbulence strength levels will increase in a world with twice as much CO2. The computer models show the average amount of light turbulence will increase by 59%, 25 light-to-moderate turbulence by 75%, moderate by 94%, moderate-to-severe by 127%, and severe by 149%.

Ironically, or perhaps poetically, aviation has long been recognized as a major contributor of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.

Fonte:www.forbes.com

GLOSSARY

• jolt - solavanco
• seasoned - experiente
• wind shear - tesoura de vento

20 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-BCT-TURMA 2)

Choose the best word to have the text completed correctly:

a) because of
b) a major cause
c) one good reason
d) for the purpose of

21 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-BCT-TURMA 2)

As used in (line 16), ‘lead to’ can be replaced by

a) result in.
b) forecast.
c) encounter.
d) accompany.

22 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-BCT-TURMA 2)

According to the text,

a) Aviation is a contributory factor in 20 % of all carbon dioxide emissions.
b) there used to be three times more severe turbulence than nowadays.
c) an increase in all categories of turbulence will occur in the years to come.
d) it will take a considerable time to people experience the effects of climate change.

23 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-BCT-TURMA 2)

Which of the following are examples of Comparative and Superlative adjectives, respectively?

(A) severe (line 14) / major contributor (line 28)
(B) stronger (line 16) / the most seasoned (line 12)
(C) more frequent (line 3) / twice as much (line 23)
(D) more common (line 7) / most jet aircraft (lines 17 and 18)

24 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-BCT-TURMA 2)

Which of the following is being used in the Passive Voice?

a) Williams used supercomputers simulations (...) (line 20)
b) But more frequent jolts in mid-air could be one way (...) (lines 3 and 4)
c) The practical impacts of climate change can be hard to predict (...) (lines 1 and 2) 
d) Climate change is expected to lead to stronger vertical wind shears (...) (lines 16 and 17)

EsFCEx–2017–OFICIAL DO EXÉRCITO–LÍNGUA INGLESA–LÍNGUA INGLESA–GABARITO, TEXTOS TRADUZIDOS & AQUISIÇÃO DE VOCABULÁRIO.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• EsFCEx-2017-CONCURSO PÚBLICO DE ADMISSÃO À ESCOLA DE FORMAÇÃO COMPLEMENTAR DO EXÉRCITO-Aplicada em 17/09/2017.

https://www.marinha.mil.br/cn/

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 07 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.

❑ PROVA:

❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO:

This news is about an 84-year-old woman from the UK.

Esta notícia é sobre uma mulher de 84 anos do Reino Unido.

Her name is Ursula and she left school in 1944 unable to read.

O nome dela é Ursula e ela deixou a escola em 1944 sem saber ler.

She had no time to learn to read because she had to look after her ill parents.

Ela não teve tempo para aprender a ler porque teve que cuidar de seus pais doentes.

Ursula felt sad that she could not read the papers or books like other people.

Ursula se sentiu triste por não conseguir ler jornais ou livros como as outras pessoas.

She decided to learn to read now, in her 80s. She hopes that she can inspire other people to read too.

Ela decidiu aprender a ler agora, na casa dos 80. Ela espera poder inspirar outras pessoas a ler também.

24 – (EsFCEx-2017-QUADRO COMPLEMENTAR-OFICIAL DO EXÉRCITO) What is the main verb tense used in the text? Choose the correct verb tense. 

a) simple past
b) past perfect
c) simple present
d) presente perfect continuous
e) presente perfect

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
*
25 – (EsFCEx-2017-QUADRO COMPLEMENTAR-OFICIAL DO EXÉRCITO) According to the text, the meaning of the words ill parents is:

(A) parentes cansados
(B) familiares distantes
(C) pais velhos
(D) parentes doentes
(E) pais adoentados

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  

TÓPICO - FALSE COGNATES :

According to the text, the meaning of the words ill parents is:

(A) parentes cansados
(B) familiares distantes
(C) pais velhos
(D) parentes doentes
(E) pais adoentados

26 – (EsFCEx-2017-QUADRO COMPLEMENTAR-OFICIAL DO EXÉRCITO) Choose the alternative according to the right use of modals. 

a) Do you can close the door, please?
b) Would you please bring me some tea?
c) We must go to the beach yesterday.
d) I can to go with you.
e) I needn't to do this now.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B  
*
27 – (EsFCEx-2017-QUADRO COMPLEMENTAR-OFICIAL DO EXÉRCITO) Choose the alternative that correctly completes the sentences according to the right use of articles:

When we cross the street we must wait for the green man on _____ crossing sign, but in one Australian city, he no longer wears trousers._____ city of Melbourne is now in the news because it changed some of the pedestrian lights from men to women._____member of the Melbourne city board thinks that to see only__ ___male figure is not right. She hopes that _____female figure will make our world equal.

a) the - the - a - a - the 
b) the - the - an - a - a
c) a - a - a - the - the 
d) a - a -the - an - an
e) a - the - the - a - the

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
*
28 – (EsFCEx-2017-QUADRO COMPLEMENTAR-OFICIAL DO EXÉRCITO) Choose the alternative that correctly completes the sentence below.

• John wanted____find a new apartment___the city center but they were not___ him.

(A) to - in - in
(B) for to - on - into
(C) for-in-onto
(D) to - in - for
(E) to - on - on

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICO - PREPOSITIONS :

• John wanted to find a new apartment in the city center but they were not for him.
• John queria encontrar um novo apartamento no centro da cidade, mas eles não eram para ele..

29 – (EsFCEx-2017-QUADRO COMPLEMENTAR-OFICIAL DO EXÉRCITO) Choose the alternative that correctly completes the sentence below.

• Which color do you like_________ , yellow or white?

(A) more
(B) most
(C) the most
(D) many
(E) much

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  

TÓPICO - COMPARATIVE :

Choose the alternative that correctly completes the sentence below.

• Which color do you like more, yellow or white?
• De qual cor tu gostas MAIS, amarela ou branca?

(A) more (MORE é usado para formar comparativo.)

(B) most (MOST é usado para formar superlativo)

(C) the most MOST é usado para formar superlativo)

(D) many (não cabe )

(E) much (não compara nada)

>> ADJETIVO com "MORE" configura caso de COMPARATIVO (comparar UMA COR  com outra cor).

>> SUMMARY CHART:

Fonte: https://breakoutenglish.com

30 – (EsFCEx-2017-QUADRO COMPLEMENTAR-OFICIAL DO EXÉRCITO) Write “T” if the sentence is grammatically correct, and “F” if it is grammatically incorrect. Then choose the alternative with the correct sequence.

• (  ) Many animals are disappearing because of the greenhouse effect.
• (  ) Most of the dogs in the kennel are sick.
• (  ) There are only a little monkeys in the zoo.
• (  ) Birds need few water to live.
• (  ) Dogs eat a lot of meat.

a) T - T - F - F - T 
b) F - T - T - F - T
c) T - F - F - T - F
d) F - F - F - F - T
e) T - T - T - T - F

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
*

ITA/SP 2018

INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE AERONÁUTICA

•    2018  

Prova de Inglês    

Gabarito Final

• 20 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.

❑ TEXTO 1: As questões de 01 a 06 referem-se ao texto a seguir. 

Goodbye things, hello minimalism:

can living with less make you happier?

Fumio Sasaki owns a roll-up mattress, three shirts and four pairs of socks. After deciding to scorn possessions, he began feeling happier.

He explains why.

Let me tell you a bit about myself. I'm 35 years old, male, single, never been married. I work as an editor at a publishing company. I recently moved from the Nakameguro neighbourhood in Tokyo, where I lived for a decade, to a neighbourhood called Fudomae in a different part of town. The rent is cheaper, but the move pretty much wiped out my savings.

Some of you may think that I'm a loser: an unmarried adult with not much money. The old me would have been way too embarrassed to admit all this. I was filled with useless pride. But I honestly don't care about things like that any more. The reason is very simple: I'm perfectly happy just as I am. The reason? I got rid of most of my material possessions.

Minimalism is a lifestyle in which you reduce your possessions to the least possible. Living with only the bare essentials has not only provided superficial benefits such as the pleasure of a tidy room or the simple ease of cleaning, it has also led to a more fundamental shift. It's given me a chance to think about what it really means to be happy.

We think that the more we have, the happier we will be. We never know what tomorrow might bring, so we collect and save as much as we can. This means we need a lot of money, so we gradually start judging people by how much money they have. You convince yourself that you need to make a lot of money so you don't miss out on success. And for you to make money, you need everyone else to spend their money. And so it goes.

So I said goodbye to a lot of things, many of which I'd had for years. And yet now I live each day with a happier spirit. I feel more content now than I ever did in the past.

I wasn't always a minimalist. I used to buy a lot of things, believing that all those possessions would increase my self-worth and lead to a happier life. I loved collecting a lot of useless stuff, and I couldn’t throw anything away. I was a natural hoarder of knick-knacks that I thought made me an interesting person.

At the same time, though, I was always comparing myself with other people who had more or better things, which often made me miserable. I couldn't focus on anything, and I was always wasting time. Alcohol was my escape, and I didn't treat women fairly. I didn't try to change; I thought this was all just part of who I was, and I deserved to be unhappy.

My apartment wasn't horribly messy; if my girlfriend was coming over for the weekend, I could do enough tidying up to make it look presentable. On a usual day, however, there were books stacked everywhere because there wasn't enough room on my bookshelves. Most I had thumbed through once or twice, thinking that I would read them when I had the time.

The closet was crammed with what used to be my favourite clothes, most of which I’d only worn a few times. The room was filled with all the things I’d taken up as hobbies and then gotten tired of. A guitar and amplifier, covered with dust. Conversational English workbooks I’d planned to study once I had more free time. Even a fabulous antique camera, which of course I had never once put a roll of film in.

It may sound as if I'm exaggerating when I say I started to become a new person. Someone said to me: “All you did is throw things away,” which is true. But by having fewer things around, I’ve started feeling happier each day. I’m slowly beginning to understand what happiness is.

If you are anything like I used to be – miserable, constantly comparing yourself with others, or just believing your life sucks – I think you should try saying goodbye to some of your things. [...] Everyone wants to be happy. But trying to buy
happiness only makes us happy for a little while.

Fonte: adaptado de

<https:ltwww.theguardian.com/booksl2017/apr/121goodbyethings-hello-minimalism-can-living-with-Iessmake-you-happier>.Acesso em: 21 maio 2017.

01 – De acordo com o texto, Fumio

(A) já foi casado, mas está solteiro no momento.
(B) morou em Nakameguro por 10 anos.
(C) mudou-se de Tóquio recentemente.
(D) é editor em uma agência de publicidade.
(E) mudou-se porque precisava quitar dívidas.

•    Gabarito B   

02 – Antes da mudança, Fumio acumulava bens materiais porque

(A) queria vendê-los quando chegasse à velhice.
(B) costumava julgar as pessoas pelos carros que possuíam.
(C) queria desfrutar deles sem se preocupar com o futuro.
(D) acreditava que as posses aumentariam a sua autoestima e felicidade.
(E) desejava impressionar a mulher que amava por meio de suas posses.

•    Gabarito D   

03 – Sobre Fumio, é correto afirmar que

(A) a mudança para o novo apartamento fez com que suas reservas financeiras aumentassem.
(B) seu antigo apartamento era tão bagunçado que ele não podia sequer receber a namorada.
(C) desperdiçava tempo e não conseguia manter o foco, antes de aderir ao minimalismo.
(D) orgulhava-se de ter um salário mais alto do que todos os seus amigos.
(E) era alcóolatra e violento com as pessoas, antes de
mudar o estilo de vida.

•    Gabarito C    

04 – Todas as frases abaixo usam a forma comparativa do adjetivo, EXCETO:

(A) The rent is cheaper, (linhas 6 e 7)
(B) ...you reduce your possessions to the least possible.(linhas 17 e 18)
(C) ...the more we have, the happier we will be. (linhas 24e 25)
(D) I feel more content now than I ever did in the past.(linhas 35 e 36)
(E) But by having fewer things around, (linha 70)

•    Gabarito B    

05 – As palavras sublinhadas nos excertos da coluna I foram utilizadas tendo os referentes respectivamente indicados na coluna II.

Coluna I

I. ...it has also led to a more fundamental shift. (linhas 21 e 22)

II. ...which often made me miserable. (linha 46)

III. ...I would read them when I had the time. (linhas 57 e 58)

IV. which of course I had never once ... (linha 66)

Coluna II

I.  * living with only the bare essentials

II. * other people who had more or better things

III.* my bookshelves

IV. * a fabulous antique camera

Estão corretas

(A) I, II e III.
(B) I e III.
(C) I e IV.
(D) II, III e IV.
(E) todas.

•    Gabarito C    

06 – Marque a opção correta de acordo com o sentido com que os verbos modais sublinhados são empregados no texto. 

I. Can living with less make you happier? (título) → para indicar uma possibilidade.

II. We never know what tomorrow might bring, (linha 25) → para indicar um estado contrário à realidade.

III. It may sound as if I'm exaggerating ... (linha 67) → para indicar uma probabilidade.

IV. I think you should try saying goodbye to some of your things. (linhas 75 e 76) → para dar um conselho. 

Estão corretas

(A) I e II.
(B) I, II e IV.
(C) I, III e IV.
(D) II, III e IV.
(E) II e IV.

•    Gabarito C    

❑ TEXTO 2: As questões de 07 a 12 referem-se ao texto a seguir.

We recorded VCs conversations and analyzed how differently they talk about female entrepreneurs 

When venture capitalists (VCs) evaluate investment proposals, the language they use to describe the entrepreneurs who write them plays an important but often hidden role in shaping who is awarded funding and why. [...] We were given access to government venture capital decision making meetings in Sweden and were able to observe the types of language that VCs used over a two-year period. One major thing stuck out: The language used to describe male and female entrepreneurs was radically different. And these differences have very real consequences for those seeking funding – and for society in general.

[...] Worldwide, government venture capital is important for bridging significant financial gaps and supporting innovation and growth, as VCs can take risks where banks are not allowed to. When uncertainty is high regarding assessment of product and market potential, for example, the assessment of the entrepreneur’s potential becomes highly central in government VCs’ decision making.

In Sweden, about one-third of businesses are owned and run by women, although they are not granted a corresponding proportion of government funding. In fact, women-owned businesses receive much less – only 13%-18%, the rest going to maleowned companies.

This brings us back to our research. From 2009 to 2010 we were invited to silently observe governmental VC decision-making meetings and, more important, the conversations they had about entrepreneurs applying for funding. [...] We observed closed-room, face-to-face discussions leading final funding decisions for 125 venture applications. Of these, 99 (79%) were from male entrepreneurs and 26 (21%) were from female entrepreneurs. The group of government venture capitalists observed included seven individuals: two women and five men. [...]

Aside from a few exceptions, the financiers rhetorically produce stereotypical images of women as having qualities opposite to those considered important to being an entrepreneur, with VCs questioning their credibility, trustworthiness, experience, and knowledge.

Conversely, when assessing male entrepreneurs, financiers leaned on stereotypical beliefs about men that reinforced their entrepreneurial potential. Male entrepreneurs were commonly described as being assertive, innovative, competent, experienced, knowledgeable, and having established networks.

We developed male and female entrepreneur personas based on our findings [...]. These personas highlight a few key differences in how the entrepreneurs were perceived depending on their gender. Men were characterized as having entrepreneurial potential, while the entrepreneurial potential for women was diminished. Many of the young men and women were described as being young, though youth for men was viewed as promising, while young women were considered inexperienced. Men were praised for being viewed as aggressive or arrogant, while women’s experience and excitement were tempered by discussions of their emotional shortcomings. Similarly, cautiousness was viewed very differently depending on the gender of the entrepreneur.

Unsurprisingly, these stereotypes seem to have played a role in who got funding and who didn’t. Women entrepreneurs were only awarded, on average, 25% of the applied-for amount, whereas men received, on average, 52% of what they asked for. Women were also denied financing to a greater extent than men, with close to 53% of women having their applications dismissed, compared with 38% of men. [...]

Such stereotyping will inevitably influence the distribution of financing, but could also have other major consequences. Because the purpose of – government venture capital is to use tax money to stimulate growth and value creation for society as a whole, gender bias presents the risk that the money isn’t being invested in businesses that have the highest potential. This isn’t only damaging for
women entrepreneurs; it’s potentially damaging for
society as a whole.

• Fonte: Adaptado de Harvard Business Review <https:/Ihbr.org/2017/05Iwe-recorded-vcs-conversations-andanalyzed-how-differently-they-talk-about-femaleentrepreneurs>.Acesso em: 17 mai. 2017.

07 – De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que

(A) o número de propostas feitas por mulheres representava um terço do total de pedidos de investimento.
(B) em virtude dos estereótipos de gênero, somente 16 das candidatas receberam financiamento.
(C) as empreendedoras que foram aprovadas receberam somente 53% do total que requereram.
(D) os homens conseguiram mais do que o dobro de financiamento se comparados às mulheres.
(E) 52% dos requerentes do gênero masculino tiveram seus pedidos de financiamento aprovados.

•    Gabarito B    

08 – De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que

(A) na Suécia, as mulheres possuem cerca de um terço das empresas e, proporcionalmente, conseguem financiamento correspondente ao concedido a empreendedores do sexo masculino.
(B) foram observadas, pelo período de – um ano, as reuniões decisórias para a escolha de quais empreendedores receberiam investimento de capital de risco pelo governo sueco.
(C) a análise do potencial de mercado ou do produto é primordial na tomada de decisão sempre que há dúvidas em relação ao potencial do empreendedor.
(D) tendo em vista que os bancos não podem assumir determinados riscos, o aporte de capital por parte do governo desempenha um papel importante no incentivo à inovação e ao crescimento.
(E) a forma como os investidores (VCs) descrevem os empreendedores desempenha um papel muito claro e inquestionável na decisão de como os recursos financeiros são distribuídos.

•    Gabarito D    

09 – De acordo com as observações dos pesquisadores, para os investidores (VCs)

(A) excesso de entusiasmo causa desconfiança em relação a controle emocional, no caso de mulheres.
(B) cautela é positiva quando se trata de homens; porém, no caso de mulheres, significa medo de arriscar.
(C) juventude é vista como um aspecto promissor tanto para mulheres quanto para homens.
(D) agressividade e arrogância são consideradas características negativas para ambos os gêneros.
(E) experiência, conhecimento e competência são características marcantes das mulheres.

•    Gabarito A    

10 – Marque a opção que lista qualidades expostas no texto que foram colocadas em dúvida em relação às empreendedoras.

(A) Experiência, cautela, juventude e liderança.
(B) Potencial para inovação, competência, assertividade e entusiasmo.
(C) Entusiasmo, potencial de crescimento, confiabilidade e competitividade.
(D) Assertividade, conhecimento de mercado, competência e determinação.
(E) Conhecimento, credibilidade, experiência e
confiabilidade.

•    Gabarito E    

11 – A expressão sublinhada na primeira coluna pode ser

substituída pela expressão na segunda coluna em todas as opções, EXCETO em

(A) Although they are not granted ... (linhas 23 e 24) → even though
(B) Aside from a few exceptions, (linha 39) → apart from
(C) Conversely, when assessing male entrepreneurs,
(linha 45) → likewise
(D) Whereas men received, on average, (linhas 70 e 71) → while
(E) Because the purpose of govemment venture capital is ... (linhas 78 e 79) → considering that

•    Gabarito C    

12 – Na sentença

• "Men were characterized as having entrepreneurial potential, while the entrepreneurial potential for women was diminished",

indique a expressão que pode substituir while mantendo o significado e a correção gramatical.

(A) yet
(B) so long as
(C) despite
(D) but that
(E) since

•    Gabarito A   

❑ TEXTO 3: INSTRUÇÃO: As questões de 13 a 15 referem-se à tirinha a seguir.

Fonte: <http://www.cartoonistgroup.com/

subject/The-Snert-Comicsand-Cartoons-by-Hagar+

The+Homble.php>.

Acesso em: 23 maio 2017.

13 – (ITA/SP-2018)

A mãe de Helga pergunta

"What did you ever see in that man?"

porque

(A) acha que ele não dá atenção a sua filha.
(B) repara que ele trata Helga de forma rude.
(C) percebe que Helga está chateada com ele.
(D) suspeita que ele trate o cão melhor do que Helga.
(E) observa que ele é um homem folgado.

•    Gabarito E    

14 – O fato de Helga usar a expressão

• "Oh ... now, mother ...",

significa que ela

(A) concorda com sua mãe que cometeu um erro ao se casar com Hägar.
(B) vai contar à sua mãe porque se casou com Hägar,
(C) está irritada com o comportamento do marido.
(D) ficou incomodada com o comentário de sua mãe.
(E) quer confessar para sua mãe o desânimo com o casamento.

•    Gabarito D    

15 – A ironia da mãe de Helga, ao afirmar: "I can see that!", reside no fato de que

(A) ela vê quão bem Hägar trata Snert.
(B) ela constata que Hägar trata Snert como se fosse um serviçal.
(C) Snert pode comer junto com a família.
(D) Hägar passou a noite inteira ensinando truques para Snert.
(E) Hägar permite que Snert fique dentro da casa.

•    Gabarito B    

❑ TEXTO 4: As questões-de 16 a 20 referem-se ao texto a seguir. 

Augmentation of brain function: facts, fiction and controversy

Augmentation of brain function is no longer just a theme of science fiction. __(I)__ advances in neural sciences, it has become a matter of reality that a person may consider at some point in life, for example as a treatment of a neurodegenerative disease. Currently, several approaches offer enhancements for sensory, motor and cognitive brain functions, __ (II)__ for mood and emotions. Such enhancements may be achieved pharmacologically, using brain implants for recordings, stimulation and drug delivery, __ (III)__ employing brain-machine interfaces, or even by ablation of certain brain areas.

In this Research Topic, we welcome papers critically evaluating the existing methods of brain augmentation, introducing new approaches and probing particular parts of brain circuitry and particular neuronal mechanisms as candidates for an enhancement. We welcome scientists from different fields: from neuroscience of microcircuits to systems neuroscience of large-scale networks and neural engineering. The work can be experimental or cornputational. Reviews and papers on philosophical and ethical issues are __ (IV)__ welcome.

While the scope of possible relevant topics is broad, the authors are encouraged to clearly indicate how their studies address the announced theme of brain augmentation.
Important Note: All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review.

Fonte:

<http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/1563/augmentatio

n-of-brain-function-facts-fiction-and-controversy>. Acesso

em: 15 jul. 2017.

16 – Marque a opção que preenche, correta e respectivamente, as lacunas I, II, III e IV inseridas no texto.

(A) Due to, as well as, by, also
(B) Because, and, through, too
(C) Owing to, including, beyond, moreover
(D) In view of, plus, over, additionally
(E) Thanks to, together with, by way, likewise

•    Gabarito A    

17 – O texto é um (a):

(A) artigo de opinião.
(B) artigo científico.
(C) resumo de projeto de pesquisa.
(D) relato de experiência.
(E) chamada para publicação.

•    Gabarito E    

18 – Considere as seguintes afirmações:

I. A melhoria ou o aumento das funções cerebrais- pode ser obtida via: estimulação farmacológica, interface cérebro-máquina, implantes cerebrais ou mesmo remoção de determinadas áreas do cérebro.

II. Atualmente, abordagens para melhoria das funções cerebrais envolvem exclusivamente funções senso - riais, cognitivas e motoras.

III. O aumento das funções cerebrais pode vir a ser usado no tratamento de doenças neurodegenerativas.

Com base no texto, estão corretas

(A) apenas I e II.
(B) apenas I e III.
(C) apenas II e III.
(D) apenas III.
(E) todas.

•    Gabarito B    

19 – Com base no texto, é INCORRETO afirmar que estudos sobre a melhoria das funções cerebrais

(A) devem-se aos avanços que foram conquistados no
campo das Neurociências.
(B) são realizados tanto na esfera computacional quanto no domínio experimental.
(C) são realizados por cientistas de diferentes áreas.
(D) ainda estão apenas no campo da ficção científica.
(E) englobam questões de natureza ética e filosófica.

•    Gabarito D    

20 – Marque a opção que indica a que it se refere no seguinte excerto:

"... it has become a matter of reality..." (linha 3).

(A) advances in neural sciences
(B) treatment of a neurodegenerative disease
(C) some point in life
(D) science fiction
(E) augmentation of brain function

•    Gabarito E