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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
• FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1º FASE-26/11/2017.
❑ TEXTO 1: Texto para as questões de 27 a 29.
Working women in Japan are more likely to be married than not these days, a sharp reversal of the tradi-tional pattern. But for most of them, continuing to work after the wed-ding is an easier choice than having children. Despite some tentative attempts by government and business to make the working world and parenthood compatible, mothers say Japan’s business culture remains unfriendly to them. Business meetings often begin at 6 p.m. or later, long hours of unpaid overtime are expected, and companies routinely transfer employees to different cities for years. As a result, many women are choosing work over babies, causing the Japanese birthrate to fall to a record low in 1999 – an average 1.34 babies per woman – an added woe for this aging nation.
THE WASHINGTON POST NATIONAL WEEKLY EDITION August 21, 2000
❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 1:
Working women in Japan are more likely to be married than not these days, a sharp reversal of the tradi-tional pattern.
Hoje em dia, as mulheres trabalhadoras no Japão têm mais probabilidades de se casar do que de não se casarem, o que constitui uma inversão acentuada do padrão tradicional.
But for most of them, continuing to work after the wed-ding is an easier choice than having children.
Mas para a maioria deles, continuar trabalhando depois do casamento é uma escolha mais fácil do que ter filhos.
Despite some tentative attempts by government and business to make the working world and parenthood compatible, mothers say Japan’s business culture remains unfriendly to them.
Apesar de algumas tentativas por parte do governo e das empresas para tornar o mundo do trabalho e a paternidade compatíveis, as mães dizem que a cultura empresarial do Japão continua hostil para elas.
Business meetings often begin at 6 p.m. or later, long hours of unpaid overtime are expected, and companies routinely transfer employees to different cities for years.
As reuniões de negócios geralmente começam às18h, ou mais tarde, são esperadas longas horas de horas extras não remuneradas e as empresas transferem rotineiramente funcionários para diferentes cidades durante anos.
As a result, many women are choosing work over babies, causing the Japanese birthrate to fall to a record low in 1999 – an average 1.34 babies per woman – an added woe for this aging nation.
Como resultado, muitas mulheres estão escolhendo o trabalho em vez dos bebês, fazendo com que a taxa de natalidade japonesa caísse para um nível recorde em 1999 – uma média de 1,34 bebés por mulher – um problema adicional para esta nação envelhecida.
27 – (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)
According to the passage, the majority of working women in Japan
a) expect to stop working after getting married.
b) do not like the idea of having children.
c) are choosing to remain single in order to keep their jobs.
d) have been afraid to fight against traditional roles.
e) would rather keep their jobs than have children.
28 – (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)
"attempts (...) to make the working world and parenthood compatible" (lines 8-10) means that
a) married couples are expected to delay having children.
b) efforts have been made to improve the working conditions of workers with children.
c) working women have to fight hard in order to have children.
d) the government has proved that work and children are incompatible.
e) companies tend to think that people with children make better workers.
29 – (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)
Which of these statements is true according to the passage?
a) The Japanese birthrate used to be much lower.
b) The percentage of marriages in Japan has fallen lately.
c) The Japanese population is getting older.
d) Japan’s population has stopped growing since 1999.
e) Working women do not have more than one child.
❑ TEXTO 2: Texto para as questões de 30 a 36
It is a nice irony, given that scientific genetics started with the manipulation of a crop plant, the pea, that the most vehement public opposition to it in recent years has come from those who object to the genetic manipulation of crops. At the moment, so-called genetically modified (GM) crops are in disgrace. Consumers, particularly in Europe, are wary of buying food that may contain them. Environmental activists are ripping up fields where they are being tested experimentally. And companies that design them are selling off their GM subsidiaries, or even themselves, to anyone willing to take on the risk. Yet the chances are that this is just a passing fad. No trial has shown a health risk from a commercially approved GM crop (or, more correctly, a transgenic crop, as all crop plants have been genetically modified by selective breeding since time immemorial). And while the environmental risks, such as cross-pollination with wild species and the promotion of insecticide-resistant strains of pest, look more plausible, they also look no worse than the sorts of environmental havoc wreaked by more traditional sorts of agriculture.
THE ECONOMIST JULY 1ST 2000
❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 2:
It is a nice irony, given that scientific genetics started with the manipulation of a crop plant, the pea, that the most vehement public opposition to it in recent years has come from those who object to the genetic manipulation of crops.
É uma bela ironia, dado que a genética científica começou com a manipulação de uma planta cultivada, a ervilha, que a oposição pública mais veemente a ela nos últimos anos tenha vindo daqueles que se opõem à manipulação genética das culturas.
At the moment, so-called genetically modified (GM) crops are in disgrace.
Neste momento, as chamadas culturas geneticamente modificadas (GM) estão em desgraça.
Consumers, particularly in Europe, are wary of buying food that may contain them.
Os consumidores, especialmente na Europa, têm receio de comprar alimentos que os possam conte-las.
Environmental activists are ripping up fields where they are being tested experimentally.
Ativistas ambientais estão destruindo campos onde estão sendo testados experimentalmente.
And companies that design them are selling off their GM subsidiaries, or even themselves, to anyone willing to take on the risk.
E as empresas que os concebem estão vendendo as suas subsidiárias da GM, ou mesmo a si próprias, a qualquer pessoa disposta a assumir o risco.
Yet the chances are that this is just a passing fad.
No entanto, as chances são de que isso seja apenas uma moda passageira.
No trial has shown a health risk from a commercially approved GM crop (or, more correctly, a transgenic crop, as all crop plants have been genetically modified by selective breeding since time immemorial).
Nenhum ensaio demonstrou um risco para a saúde de uma cultura geneticamente modificada aprovada comercialmente (ou, mais corretamente, de uma cultura transgênica, uma vez que todas as plantas cultivadas foram geneticamente modificadas por reprodução seletiva desde tempos imemoriais).
And while the environmental risks, such as cross-pollination with wild species and the promotion of insecticide-resistant strains of pest, look more plausible, they also look no worse than the sorts of environmental havoc wreaked by more traditional sorts of agriculture.
E embora os riscos ambientais, como a polinização cruzada com espécies selvagens e a promoção de estirpes de pragas resistentes aos insecticidas, elas pareçam mais plausíveis, também não parecem piores do que os tipos de destruição ambiental causados pelos tipos de agricultura mais tradicionais.
30 – (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)
According to the passage,
a) after peas started being manipulated, the public became strongly opposed to scientific genetics.
b) even the most vehement supporters of scientific genetics are opposed to the genetic manipulation of crops.
c) the latest experiments carried out by genetic engineers have been regarded with irony.
d) there has been strong opposition to the manipulation of peas to improve crops in recent years.
e) the strongest opponents of scientific genetics are the ones who disapprove of the genetic manipulation of crops.
31 – (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)
Choose the correct active voice form for ...."fields where they are being tested experimentally" (line 10)
a) fields where scientists have been testing them experimentally.
b) fields where environmentalists are testing them experimentally.
c) fields where genetic engineers had been testing them experimentally.
d) fields where genetic engineers are testing them experimentally.
e) fields where one has been testing them experimentally.
32 – (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)
The passage tells us that GM crops
a) are the object of widespread disapproval now.
b) are not being sold in Europe at the moment.
c) can no longer be experimentally tested in European fields.
d) can only be sold by subsidized companies.
e) are being designed only by companies willing to run risks.
33 – (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)
Which of these statements is true according to the passage?
a) Consumers will become more receptive to GM foods when trials show that they are not hazardous to health.
b) The hostility to GM crops is likely to be short-lived.
c) The environmentalists’ hostility to GM crops is unfounded, as they pose no danger to the environment.
d) GM foods are unlikely to be accepted even in the long run.
e) Even if environmentalists stop protesting, consumers will keep on regarding GM foods with suspicion.
34 – (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)
According to the passage, the term GM crop (line 16)
a) is totally incorrect unless selective breeding is involved.
b) has been used since time immemorial.
c) is not quite accurate.
d) applies only to commercially approved crops.
e) has never been used to mean the same as transgenic crop.
35 – (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)
The passage tells us that
a) tests have shown that only a few GM crops may be hazardous to health.
b) the environmental risks of GM crops are practically non-existent.
c) only a few GM products consumed in Europe have been commercially approved.
d) it is highly improbable that GM crops promote pest varieties resistant to insecticides.
e) commercially approved GM crops are safe for consumption, although they may harm the environment.
36 – (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)
According to the passage, more traditional sorts of agriculture
a) appear to be just as damaging to the environment as GM crops.
b) seem to cause less damage to the environment than GM crops.
c) may cause greater damage to the environment than GM crops.
d) have been proved to cause no damage to the environment.
e) are far less damaging to the environment than GM crops.
❑ TEXTO 3: Texto para as questões de 37 a 40
MICHAEL D. COE’S Breaking the Maya Code. Revised paperback edition. First published 1992. Thames & Hudson, New York, 1999 ($18.95). The decipherment of the Maya script was, Coe states, "one of the most exciting intellectual adventures of our age, on a par with the exploration of space and the discovery of the genetic code." He presents the story eloquently and in detail, with many illustrations of the mysterious Maya inscriptions and the people who tried to decipher them. Most of the credit, he says, goes to the late Yuri V. Knorosov of the Russian Institute of Ethnography, but many others participated. They did not always agree, and some of them went up blind alleys. Coe – emeritus professor of anthropology at Yale University – vividly describes the battles, missteps and successes. What is now established, he writes, is that “the Maya writing system is a mix of logograms and syllabic signs; with the latter, they could and often did write words purely phonetically.”
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN APRIL 2000
❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 3:
MICHAEL D. COE’S Breaking the Maya Code. Revised paperback edition. First published 1992. Thames & Hudson, New York, 1999 ($18.95).
MICHAEL D. COE Quebrando o Código Maia. Edição de bolso revisada. Publicado pela primeira vez em 1992. Thames & Hudson, Nova York, 1999 (US$ 18,95).
The decipherment of the Maya script was, Coe states, "one of the most exciting intellectual adventures of our age, on a par with the exploration of space and the discovery of the genetic code."
A decifração da escrita maia foi, afirma Coe, "uma das aventuras intelectuais mais emocionantes da nossa época, a par da exploração do espaço e da descoberta do código genético".
He presents the story eloquently and in detail, with many illustrations of the mysterious Maya inscriptions and the people who tried to decipher them.
Ele apresenta a história de forma eloquente e detalhada, com muitas ilustrações das misteriosas inscrições maias e das pessoas que tentaram decifrá-las.
Most of the credit, he says, goes to the late Yuri V. Knorosov of the Russian Institute of Ethnography, but many others participated.
A maior parte do crédito, diz ele, vai para o falecido Yuri V. Knorosov, do Instituto Russo de Etnografia, mas muitos outros participaram.
They did not always agree, and some of them went up blind alleys. Coe – emeritus professor of anthropology at Yale University – vividly describes the battles, missteps and successes.
Eles nem sempre concordaram e alguns deles entraram em becos sem saída. Coe – professor emérito de antropologia na Universidade de Yale – descreve vividamente as batalhas, erros e sucessos.
What is now established, he writes, is that “the Maya writing system is a mix of logograms and syllabic signs; with the latter, they could and often did write words purely phonetically.”
O que está agora estabelecido, escreve ele, é que “o sistema de escrita maia é uma mistura de logogramas e sinais silábicos; com o último, eles podiam e muitas vezes escreviam palavras de forma puramente fonética.”
37 – (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)
The passage tells us that Michael D. Coe
a) is the anthropologist responsible for the decipherment of Maya writing.
b) attributes great importance to the decipherment of the Maya script.
c) is also the author of books about the exploration of space.
d) has worked with Yuri V. Knorosov recently.
e) has been interested in pursuing exciting intellectual adventures.
38 – (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)
In the passage, "some of them went up blind alleys" (line 12) means that some scientists engaged in the decipherment of the Maya script
a) gave up participating in the project.
b) failed to be on a par with the other scientists.
c) were the last to be convinced of their success.
d) failed to come up with useful results.
e) followed in Knorosov’s footsteps blindly.
39 – (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)
According to the passage, Michael D. Coe’s book
a) includes details of the disagreements among scientists in the decipherment project.
b) is co-authored by the Russian ethnographer Yuri V. Knorosov.
c) revises the author’s previous interpretation of Maya inscriptions.
d) is to be followed by a book about the Mayas’ misfortunes and achievements.
e) has been highly successful among anthropologists and other academics.
40 – (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)
Which of these statements is true according to the passage?
a) There is still uncertainty as to whether the Mayas used syllabic signs.
b) The Mayas invented a purely phonetic writing system.
c) Syllabic signs are evidence that the Mayas could match words and sounds.
d) Scientists disagree about the major characteristics of the Maya writing system.
e) Logograms were used by the Mayas to write phonetically.
• O que está agora estabelecido, escreve ele, é que “o sistema de escrita maia é uma mistura de logogramas e sinais silábicos; com o último, eles podiam e muitas vezes escreviam palavras de forma puramente fonética.”
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