EEAR–CFS–2/2009–TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES–PUBLIC SERVICE EXAM, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• EXAME DE ADMISSÃO AO CURSO DE FORMAÇÃO DE SARGENTOS DA AERONÁUTICA-2/2009-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES-AERONAVEGANTES E NÃO-AERONAVEGANTES-ESCOLA DE ESPECIALISTAS DE AERONÁUTICA.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 24 Multiple Choice Questions / 4 Options Each Question.

❑ PROVA:

❑ Read the paragraph and answer question 26.

“Disney studios have created participation shows like the Indiana Jones Epic where visitors pretend to be extras along with actors who pretend to be extras on sets that pretend to be sets.” 

GLOSSARY: extras – figurantes.

26 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES) The underlined verb, in the text, means

a) fingir.

b) atuar.

c) pretender.

d) participar.

 👍   Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - FALSE COGNATE - TO PRETEND :

• “Disney studios have created participation shows like the Indiana Jones Epic where visitors pretend to be extras along with actors who pretend to be extras on sets that pretend to be sets.”
• Os estúdios da Disney criaram programas de participação como Indiana Jones Epic, onde os visitantes fingem ser figurantes junto com atores que simulam ser figurantes em cenários que simulam ser cenários.

➭ TO PRETEND – FINGIR, SIMULAR.

- PRETEND THAT (Fingir que) . He pretended (that) he didn't mind.  – Ele fingia que não se importava.

- PRETEND TO DO SOMETHING  (Fingir fazer alguma coisa) – Were you just pretending to be interested? – Você estava apenas fingindo estar interessado?

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/

dictionary/english/pretend?q=PRETEND

27 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES)

• “The cost of a college education _______ dramatically in recent years”.

(A) has risen

(B) never rises

(C) was rising

(D) already rose

 👍   Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - PRESENT PERFECT & "IN RECENT YEARS" :

• “The cost of a college education has risen dramatically in recent years”
• O custo da educação universitária aumentou dramaticamente nos últimos anos.

➭ "IN RECENT YEARS"(Nos últimos anos) – Expressão temporal usada para  falamos de um período de tempo no passado recente e até o presente. Utilizada em contexto do tempo verbal PRESENT PERFECT.

➭ "HAS RISEN" – Estrutura verbal no PRESENT PERFECT (HAS+PARTICIPLE PAST), onde o verbo auxiliar "HAS" concorda gramaticalmente com o sujeito "The cost of a college education" e o "RISEN" é o Particípio Passado do verbo principal TO RISE (aumentar, subir, elevar).

a) has risen (PRESENT PERFECT)

b) never rises (PRESENT)

c) was rising (PAST IN PASSIVE VOICE)

d) already rose (PAST)

 

28 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES)

• In “Mothers usually ask the doctors for suggestions for their children’s meals”,

it means that mothers

a) never accept the doctors’ suggestions.

b) always order their children to have meals.

c) are seldom worried about their children’s meals.

d) want to know the doctors’ opinion on their kids’ meals.

29 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES)

• Susy: “Is anybody out there, John?”
• John: “ No, ____________ is out there.”

a) nobody

b) anybody

c) someone

d) everyone

30 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES)

• Many psychologists today say that television “destroys family unity and kills imagination”. They say that if parents really love their children, they should discard their TV sets.

According to many psychologists,

a) children have to watch TV every day.

b) family may spend time together watching TV.

c) TV programmes can damage family’s interaction.

d) programmes on TV can teach many things to the children. 

Read the saying and answer question 31.

31 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES)

• The old saying “You never get a second chance to make a first impression” means that Depending on the way you behave when you meet people for the first time,

a) you can confuse them.

b) you must impress them.

c) your image may be changed after that.

d) you can create a false impression forever.

❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 1:

In China the government is fighting to save a national symbol – the giant panda. – Na China, o governo está lutando para salvar um símbolo nacional – o panda gigante.

There are very few pandas today and they are running a big risk of extinction. – Existem muito poucos pandas atualmente e eles correm um grande risco de extinção. 

Pandas are vegetarians. – Pandas são vegetarianos.

They live in the mountains of central China, in forests of pine trees and bamboo. – Eles vivem nas montanhas da China central, em florestas de pinheiros e bambus.

Pandas eat flowers, grass, and sometimes small animals and honey. – Os pandas comem flores, grama e, às vezes, pequenos animais e mel.

But bamboo is their main food. – Mas o bambu é o seu principal alimento.

Because their digestive tracts extract little nutritive value from the plant, they consume enormous amounts, spending 50 to 75 percent of the day eating. – Como seu trato digestivo extrai pouco valor nutritivo da planta, eles consomem enormes quantidades, gastando de 50 a 75% do dia comendo.

A giant panda needs 20 kilos of bamboo a day, and he eats for about 15 hours! – Um panda gigante precisa de 20 quilos de bambu por dia e come durante cerca de 15 horas!

Scientists are making a special study of the panda, its way of life, home, and food. – Os cientistas estão fazendo um estudo especial sobre o panda, seu modo de vida, seu lar e sua alimentação.

They are also trying to breed pandas in new zoos, and to grow different kinds of bamboo in special natural reserves for pandas. – Eles também estão tentando criar pandas em zoológicos novos e cultivar diferentes tipos de bambu em reservas naturais especiais para pandas.

Man, the principal problem for animals, is starting to work with nature. – O homem, principal problema dos animais, está começando a trabalhar com a natureza.

But there isn’t much time. – Mas não há muito tempo.

Are we doing enough to save wild animals? – Estamos fazendo o suficiente para salvar animais selvagens?

32 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES) All the alternatives are correct EXCEPT,

a) Pandas are disappearing.

b) Pandas spend long time eating bamboo.

c) Pandas are not a hundred percent vegetarians.

d) Mankind does not represent a threat to the animals.

 👍   Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL:

All the alternatives are correct EXCEPT,

Todas as alternativas estão corretas, EXCETO

a) Pandas are disappearing.

Os pandas estão desaparecendo.

(CORRETA segundo o texto: existem muito poucos pandas atualmente e eles correm um grande risco de extinção.)

b) Pandas spend long time eating bamboo.

Os pandas passam muito tempo comendo bambu.

(CORRETA segundo o texto: um panda gigante precisa de 20 quilos de bambu por dia e come durante cerca de 15 horas!)

c) Pandas are not a hundred percent vegetarians.

Os pandas não são cem por cento vegetarianos.

(CORRETA segundo o texto: os pandas comem flores, grama e, às vezes, pequenos animais e mel.)

d) Mankind does not represent a threat to the animals.

A humanidade não representa uma ameaça para os animais.

(INCORRETA segundo o texto, o homem é o principal problema dos animais).

33 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES)

• “honey”, (line 07), is a ______ substance.

a) sour

b) salty

c) bitter

d) sweet

 👍   Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - VOCABULARY:

➭ “honey” is a sweet substance.  – “mel” é uma substância doce.

a) sour  – azeda, ácida.

b) salty – salgada

c) bitter – amarga

d) sweet – doce

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/

dictionary/english/honey

34 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES)

• “its”, underlined in the text, (line 12), refers to

a) panda’s way of life

b) the government system.

c) the nature environment.

d) man’s attitude towards animals.

35 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES)

Choose the right alternative to fill in the blank.

• “ Finding a job is _______ pulling a star out of the sky”.

a) the harder

b) the hardest

c) harder than

d) more hard than

 👍   Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - THE COMPARATIVE FORM - Comparativo com adjetivos curtos (Short Adjectives) - "HARDER THAN": 

• "Finding a job is harder than pulling a star out of the sky”
• ENCONTRAR um emprego é mais difícil do que PUXAR uma estrela do céu.

➭ HARDER THAN (comparativo: sufixo -ER acrescentado com a palavra THAN)

➭ THE HARDEST (superlativo, sufixo -EST))

➭ COMPARATIVO COM ADJETIVO CURTOS (até 2 sílabas) - big-bigger,  sad-sadder,  hot-hotter,  happy-happier,  busy-busier, heavy-heavier,  simple-simpler, clever-cleverer.

➭ PULL SOMETHING OUT (phrase verbal) – PUXAR ALGO.

36 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES)

• I am just like any typical physicist. My office may look messy, but I know where every atom is.

“messy”, underlined in the excerpt, means

a) clean.

b) noisy.

c) not neat.

d) organized.

❑ TEXTO 2: Read the text and answer questions 37, 38, 39 and 40.

How horses can sleep standing up and not fall over?

Most of us need eight hours sleep a night.

Horses can get by with only half that amount – and unlike us they are able to fall asleep standing up, without falling over! In the wild, horses are prey to wolves and other animals.

Lying down, they are much more vulnerable than they are standing up. So over millions of years their bodies have developed a way of staying upright even when they are asleep. Although most horses no longer live in the wild, they can still fall asleep as their ancestors used to.

The reason they are able to do this is a unique system of ligaments – the cords which bind bones together .

A horse’s ligaments act like a sling over its whole body.

These can lock its joints into a fixed position, so it can stand upright without any conscious muscular effort while it sleeps.

It is a pity human beings have not developed a way of doing this. It could be very handy for long queues or travelling on crowded trains!

>> GLOSSARY:

• prey: presa
• (to)bind: atar; ligar; amarrar
• sling: ligadura
• like: como
• queue: fila

37 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES) According to the text,

a) horses need less than four hours sleep a night.

b) most wild animals, like horses, stand upright when they sleep.

c) in the wild, horses weren’t accustomed to standing upright while sleeping.

d) horses fall asleep standing up because of their unique system of ligaments. 

38 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES)

• “are able to”, (line 12),

can be replaced by

a) can.

b) may.

c) could.

d) should.

39 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES)

• “handy”, (line 19), means

a) boring.

b) useful.

c) pleasant.

d) relaxing.

40 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES)

• “...travelling on crowded trains!”, (lines 20),

means that the trains are

a) full.

b) fast.

c) empty.

d) moving.

❑ TEXTO 3: Read the text and answer questions 41, 42 and 43.

Batman – The Dark Knight, by Christopher Nolan Expectations are high regarding the new adventure of Batman. Firstly, because the previous one was well received both by critics and fans with its dark, realistic mood.

And also because the film presents the last screen performance of actor Health Ledger (Brokeback Mountain) , deceased in January. He plays Joker, the villain who brings hell to Gotham City.

To defeat him, Batman (Christian Bale) is helped by public attorney Harvey Dent (Aaron Eckhart), but they have conflicting ideas on how to combat crime.

Morgan Freeman, Gary Oldman and Michael Cain play the same characters as they did before, while Maggie Gyllenhaal comes as a substitute to Kate Holmes in the hero’s search for romance. By Alex Xavier

>> GLOSSARY:

• regarding = considerando
• mood = tom
• public attorney = procurador público
• search = procura 

41 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES) We can infer from the text that

a) the new adventure of Batman must be a success.

b) Harvey Dent and Batman didn’t agree that Joker was responsible for the crime.

c) Kate Holmes is still searching for the hero’s romance in this new adventure of Batman.

d) Morgan Freeman, Gary Oldman and Michael Cain have never played any characters in Batman’s movies before.

42 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES)

• “deceased” , (line 6), is the same as

a) dead.

b) fired.

c) divorced.

d) murdered.

43 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES)

• “him”, underlined in the text, (line 7), is related to

a) the dark.

b) the crime.

c) the villain.

d) the public attorney.

❑ TEXTO 4: Read the text and answer questions 44 and 45.

The Horse and the Donkey

One day, a man went on a journey, and took with him his horse and his donkey.

He put a very heavy load on the donkey’s back, but nothing on the horse’s back. After a while, the poor donkey ___ the horse to help him.

But the horse, who was very selfish, refused.

Further along the road, the donkey started to feel very tired, and again ___the horse to take some of the load.

And again the horse ___. Finally, the donkey fell exhausted at the side of the road and died.

So the man took the whole of the heavy load and put it on the horse’s back, together with the skin of the dead donkey, and they continued on their journey.

44 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES) The correct words to fill in the blank are, respectively

a) ordered / said / told

b) spoke / asked / replied

c) asked / asked / refused

d) said / begged / answered

45 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES) What is the moral of this fable?

a) Helpful people are never alone.

b) Don’t be disobedient.

c) You get nothing from being selfish.

d) Lazy people usually get what they want.

❑ TEXTO 5: Read the passage and answer questions 46, 47, 48 and 49.

Before the second World War, travel was difficult to organize, expensive and sometimes dangerous.

Nowadays, people can easily organize their next trip anywhere in the world through a travel agent. If you shop around, many travel agents can offer you cheap package tours to many popular destinations depending on the season. Air travel is generally more expensive towards the end of the year, during the Christmas and holiday season.

This is the peak period for travel, and people often make travel reservations several months in advance. If you want to avoid peak travel periods, make your travel arrangements during the off-peak periods.

Off-peak periods are a good time to travel as it is usually quieter and cheaper. Sometimes, you can get air, sea or train tickets to see many popular tourist attractions in the world for half price! Many young people try to avoid the crowd when they travel, and they often prefer to travel off the beaten track.

They often have shoestring budgets and travel by hitch-hiking rather than public transport.

They also like to stay at youth hostels and meet other young travellers. Older people and families often have a bigger budget.

They usually like to go on packaged tours and have all of their travel arrangements organized by the tour operator.

Families prefer to book their holidays at a resort, often near a lake or close to the beach, where there are lots of activities for the children to enjoy.

>> GLOSSARY:

• avoid: evitar
• off the beaten track: lugar onde poucas vão
• budget: orçamento
• shoestring : com pouco dinheiro
• youth hostel : albergue

46 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES)

According to the passage,

a) young people prefer travelling by bus and so the older ones.

b) young people often ask for lifts because their spirit of adventure.

c) people don’t spend too much money on their trips if they make arrangements in advance.

d) off-peak periods are good time to take trips because they are less busy and not so expensive.

47 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES)

“in advance”,(lines 10 and 11), means

a) on time.

b) any time.

c) just in time.

d) before a particular time.

48 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES)

The extract states that, unlike young people, older people

a) book their holidays during the off-peak.

b) don’t always have much money to spend.

c) enjoy going to places that are not well-known.

d) usually have their trips arranged by travel agents.

49 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES)

“...usually...”, (line 23) , indicates that they like to do it

a) all the time.

b) now and then.

c) from time to time.

d) on most occasions.

❑ TEXTO 6: Read the cartoon and answer question 50.

❑ TRADUÇÃO DA TIRINHA:

➧ 1º QUADRINHO:

➭ Mommy can I have a cookie? – Mamãe, posso comer um biscoito?

➭ May I have a cookie. – Posso comer um biscoito.

➧ 2º QUADRINHO:

➭ You already have a cookie. That's why I'm asking if I can have it. – Você já come um biscoito. É por isso que estou perguntando se posso comê-lo.

➭ That's why you're asking if you may have it. – É por isso que você está perguntando se você pode comê-lo.

➧ 3º QUADRINHO: (Mãe e filha não falam)

➧ 4º QUADRINHO:

➭ One of us doesn't know what we want, and it's not me.  – Uma de nós não sabe o que quer e não sou eu.

50 – (EEAR-2009-2-SARGENTO-TODAS AS ESPECIALIDADES)

According to the cartoon,

a) the daughter was worried about her mother.

b) the mother didn’t know what her daughter wanted.

c) the mother wanted her daughter to be more respectful.

d) neither the girl nor the mother knew what they wanted.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - INFERÊNCIA, ELEMENTOS NÃO VERBAIS, ELEMENTOS VERBAIS:

According to the cartoon,

De acordo com o cartoon,

a) the daughter was worried about her mother. – a filha estava preocupada com a mãe.

b) the mother didn’t know what her daughter wanted. – a mãe não sabia o que a filha queria.

c) the mother wanted her daughter to be more respectful. – a mãe queria que a filha fosse mais respeitosa.

➭ "MAY I HAVE IT?" = Usado de forma POLIDA para pedir permissão a alguém.

➭ "CAN I HAVE IT?" = Usado para perguntar se você tem capacidade de fazer alguma coisa. 

d) neither the girl nor the mother knew what they wanted. – nem a menina nem a mãe sabiam o que queriam.