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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
• FUVEST-2004-VESTIBULAR-1º FASE-30/11/2003.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
• 8 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
• Texto (1) – | New Scientist |
• Texto (2) – | The Guardian Weekly |
❑ TEXTO 1: Texto para as questões de 81 a 84.
In his article on computers and consciousness, Igor Aleksander was
quite wrong to say that "Susan Blackmore...implies that
constructing a machine that is conscious like us would be
impossible"
(19 July, p 40).
I do indeed claim that consciousness is an illusion. This is because it feels to us humans as though there is a continuous flow of experiences happening to an inner self, when in fact, there is no such inner self. Computers have no inner self either, but if ever they start thinking they do they will become deluded like us, and hence conscious like us. And that day is surely not far off.
We humans can sometimes wake up from our delusion, through intellectual insight or through practices like meditation. Maybe future computers will teach us a thing or two about waking up from illusion. Bristol, UK.
(19 July, p 40).
I do indeed claim that consciousness is an illusion. This is because it feels to us humans as though there is a continuous flow of experiences happening to an inner self, when in fact, there is no such inner self. Computers have no inner self either, but if ever they start thinking they do they will become deluded like us, and hence conscious like us. And that day is surely not far off.
We humans can sometimes wake up from our delusion, through intellectual insight or through practices like meditation. Maybe future computers will teach us a thing or two about waking up from illusion. Bristol, UK.
(New Scientist, August 9, 2003)
81 – (FUVEST-2004-1ªFASE-VESTIBULAR)The author of the text criticizes
a) the construction of machines that resemble human beings.
b) human expectations of mastering technology completely.
c) an idea presented in a previous article published by New Scientist.
d) experiments made with humans and computers.
e) the illusions created by those who construct computers.
b) human expectations of mastering technology completely.
c) an idea presented in a previous article published by New Scientist.
d) experiments made with humans and computers.
e) the illusions created by those who construct computers.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
O autor do texto critica
a) the construction of machines that resemble human beings.
a construção de máquinas que se assemelham a seres humanos.
b) human expectations of mastering technology completely.
b) human expectations of mastering technology completely.
expectativas humanas de dominar completamente a tecnologia.
c) an idea presented in a previous article published by New Scientist.
c) an idea presented in a previous article published by New Scientist.
uma ideia apresentada em artigo anterior publicado pela New Scientist.
d) experiments made with humans and computers.
d) experiments made with humans and computers.
experimentos feitos com humanos e computadores.
e) the illusions created by those who construct computers.
e) the illusions created by those who construct computers.
as ilusões criadas por quem constrói computadores.
➭ TRECHO (O autor concordava com Susan Blackmore e fazia uma crítica ao artigo do Igor Aleksander):
• "[...] in his article on computers and consciousness, Igor Aleksander was quite wrong.."
• Em seu artigo sobre computadores e consciência, Igor Aleksander estava completamente errado.
82 – (FUVEST-2004-1ªFASE-VESTIBULAR)
In her letter to the editor, Susan Blackmore claims that
a) computers are deluded in the same way human beings are.
b) building computers with a certain degree of consciousness will be possible in the future.
c) human consciousness is changing the kind of experiences that flow into an inner self.
d) human beings are deluded in their belief that they possess an inner self.
e) computers and humans will develop a new kind of consciousness one day.
b) building computers with a certain degree of consciousness will be possible in the future.
c) human consciousness is changing the kind of experiences that flow into an inner self.
d) human beings are deluded in their belief that they possess an inner self.
e) computers and humans will develop a new kind of consciousness one day.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
Em sua carta ao editor, Susan Blackmore afirma que
a) computers are deluded in the same way human beings are.
os computadores estão iludidos da mesma forma que os seres humanos.
b) building computers with a certain degree of consciousness will be possible in the future.
b) building computers with a certain degree of consciousness will be possible in the future.
construir computadores com certo grau de consciência será possível no futuro.
c) human consciousness is changing the kind of experiences that flow into an inner self.
c) human consciousness is changing the kind of experiences that flow into an inner self.
a consciência humana está mudando o tipo de experiências que fluem para o eu interior.
d) human beings are deluded in their belief that they possess an inner self.
d) human beings are deluded in their belief that they possess an inner self.
os seres humanos estão iludidos na crença de que possuem um eu interior.
e) computers and humans will develop a new kind of consciousness one day.
e) computers and humans will develop a new kind of consciousness one day.
computadores e humanos desenvolverão um dia um novo tipo de consciência.
➭ TRECHO:
• "[...] This is because it feels to us humans as though there is a continuous flow of experiences happening to an inner self, when in fact, there is no such inner self."
• Isso ocorre porque para nós, humanos, parece que há um fluxo contínuo de experiências acontecendo com um eu interior, quando na verdade não existe tal eu interior.
83 – (FUVEST-2004-1ªFASE-VESTIBULAR)
Susan Blackmore says that
a) intellectual insight and practices like meditation can help
us become aware of our delusion.
b) computers will help humans increase their intellectual expertise in the future.
c) meditation and similar practices are helpful for people who spend long hours in front of computers.
b) computers will help humans increase their intellectual expertise in the future.
c) meditation and similar practices are helpful for people who spend long hours in front of computers.
d) people easily fall into the illusion that computers will
solve most of their problems.
e) computers are necessary in people's lives to free them from their illusion of an overpowering consciousness.
e) computers are necessary in people's lives to free them from their illusion of an overpowering consciousness.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito A
Susan Blackmore diz que
a) intellectual insight and practices like meditation can help us become aware of our delusion.
a percepção intelectual e práticas como a meditação podem nos ajudar a tomar consciência da nossa ilusão.
b) computers will help humans increase their intellectual expertise in the future.
os computadores ajudarão os humanos a aumentar sua expertise intelectual no futuro.
c) meditation and similar practices are helpful for people who spend long hours in front of computers.
meditação e práticas similares são úteis para pessoas que passam longas horas na frente de computadores.
d) people easily fall into the illusion that computers will solve most of their problems.
e) computers are necessary in people's lives to free them from their illusion of an overpowering consciousness.
os computadores são necessários na vida das pessoas para libertá-las da ilusão de uma consciência avassaladora.
➭ TRECHO:
• "[...] We humans can sometimes wake up from our delusion, through intellectual insight or through practices like meditation."
• Nós, humanos, às vezes podemos acordar da nossa ilusão, através da percepção intelectual ou através de práticas como a meditação.
84 – (FUVEST-2004-1ªFASE-VESTIBULAR)
According to the text, one day
a) computers will be prepared to think the same way we do.
b) computers may understand consciousness limitations better.
c) human beings will program computers which will help them meditate.
d) human beings will wake up and have better insights towards computers.
e) computers may teach humans how to deal with their illusions better.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito E
Segundo o texto, um dia
a) computers will be prepared to think the same way we do.
os computadores estarão preparados para pensar da mesma forma que nós.
b) computers may understand consciousness limitations better.
b) computers may understand consciousness limitations better.
os computadores podem compreender melhor as limitações da consciência.
c) human beings will program computers which will help them meditate.
c) human beings will program computers which will help them meditate.
os seres humanos programarão computadores que os ajudarão a meditar.
d) human beings will wake up and have better insights towards computers.
d) human beings will wake up and have better insights towards computers.
os seres humanos vão acordar e ter melhores percepções em relação aos computadores.
e) computers may teach humans how to deal with their illusions better.
e) computers may teach humans how to deal with their illusions better.
os computadores podem ensinar os humanos a lidar melhor com suas ilusões.
➭ TRECHO:
• "[...] Maybe future computers will teach us a thing or two about waking up from illusion."
• Talvez, no futuro, os computadores nos ensinem uma coisa ou duas sobre o despertar da ilusão.
❑ TEXTO 2: Texto para as questões de 85 a 88.
English is a colonial language that continued to be the official language after independence in virtually all African countries that were under British rule. In some cases it was retained to avoid ethnic tensions. But in all cases it was retained because of its prestige and association with power. In contrast, the vernaculars were viewed as backward and inferior, and so were not developed. Students were made to feel ashamed of their mother tongue and punished for speaking it.
In Kenya, for example, speaking in vernacular was forbidden and sanctioned in schools. One popular method of punishment was to make pupils carry around a skull of some dead animal the whole day as a way of embarrassing the pupil who dared speak in his mother tongue.
Today it is difficult to use indigenous languages because they have not developed, been codified and standardised. Hence there is a shortage of teaching materials and trained teachers in the vernaculars. And this has often been used as an excuse for not adopting the vernaculars in schools.
English is a colonial language that continued to be the official language after independence in virtually all African countries that were under British rule. In some cases it was retained to avoid ethnic tensions. But in all cases it was retained because of its prestige and association with power. In contrast, the vernaculars were viewed as backward and inferior, and so were not developed. Students were made to feel ashamed of their mother tongue and punished for speaking it.
In Kenya, for example, speaking in vernacular was forbidden and sanctioned in schools. One popular method of punishment was to make pupils carry around a skull of some dead animal the whole day as a way of embarrassing the pupil who dared speak in his mother tongue.
Today it is difficult to use indigenous languages because they have not developed, been codified and standardised. Hence there is a shortage of teaching materials and trained teachers in the vernaculars. And this has often been used as an excuse for not adopting the vernaculars in schools.
(The Guardian Weekly, August 2003)
85 – (FUVEST-2004-1ªFASE-VESTIBULAR)Which of these statements is true according to the text?
a) As compared to English, African languages are inferior,
poor and underdeveloped.
b) English has a greater number of rules than most African languages.
c) In former British colonies in Africa, the English language was adopted because of its prestige and power.
d) Using vernacular languages in Africa was a way of maintaining peace among different ethnic groups.
e) Adopting English as an official language in some African countries might result in a stimulus for the development of vernacular languages.
b) English has a greater number of rules than most African languages.
c) In former British colonies in Africa, the English language was adopted because of its prestige and power.
d) Using vernacular languages in Africa was a way of maintaining peace among different ethnic groups.
e) Adopting English as an official language in some African countries might result in a stimulus for the development of vernacular languages.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
Qual destas afirmações é verdadeira de acordo com o texto?
a) As compared to English, African languages are inferior, poor and underdeveloped.
Em comparação com o inglês, as línguas africanas são inferiores, pobres e subdesenvolvidas.
b) English has a greater number of rules than most African languages.
b) English has a greater number of rules than most African languages.
O idioma inglês tem um número maior de regras que a maioria das línguas africanas.
c) In former British colonies in Africa, the English language was adopted because of its prestige and power.
c) In former British colonies in Africa, the English language was adopted because of its prestige and power.
Nas antigas colônias britânicas na África, a língua inglesa foi adotada por causa de seu prestígio e poder.
d) Using vernacular languages in Africa was a way of maintaining peace among different ethnic groups.
d) Using vernacular languages in Africa was a way of maintaining peace among different ethnic groups.
Utilizar as línguas vernáculas na África foi uma forma de manter a paz entre os diferentes grupos étnicos.
e) Adopting English as an official language in some African countries might result in a stimulus for the development of vernacular languages.
e) Adopting English as an official language in some African countries might result in a stimulus for the development of vernacular languages.
Adotar o inglês como língua oficial em alguns países africanos pode resultar em um estímulo para o desenvolvimento de línguas vernáculas.
➭ TRECHO:
• "[...] English is a colonial language that continued to be the official language after independence in virtually all African countries that were under British rule. In some cases it was retained to avoid ethnic tensions. But in all cases it was retained because of its prestige and association with power."
• O inglês é uma língua colonial que continuou a ser a língua oficial após a independência em praticamente todos os países africanos que estavam sob o domínio britânico. Em alguns casos, foi retida para evitar tensões étnicas. Mas, em todos os casos, foi mantida devido ao seu PRESTÍGIO e associação com o PODER.
86 – (FUVEST-2004-1ªFASE-VESTIBULAR)
According to the text, in Kenya, students who spoke
their native language at school
a) faced different sorts of punishment.
b) had to carry a dead animal to school.
c) could not speak for a whole day.
d) had to find a skull of a dead animal.
e) felt embarrassed because their mothers were informed.
b) had to carry a dead animal to school.
c) could not speak for a whole day.
d) had to find a skull of a dead animal.
e) felt embarrassed because their mothers were informed.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito A
Segundo o texto, no Quênia, os alunos que falavam a sua língua materna na escola
a) faced different sorts of punishment.
enfrentavam diferentes tipos de punição.
b) had to carry a dead animal to school.
b) had to carry a dead animal to school.
tinham que levar um animal morto para a escola.
c) could not speak for a whole day.
c) could not speak for a whole day.
não poderiam falar por um dia inteiro
d) had to find a skull of a dead animal.
d) had to find a skull of a dead animal.
tinham que encontrar o crânio de um animal morto.
e) felt embarrassed because their mothers were informed.
e) felt embarrassed because their mothers were informed.
sentiram-se envergonhados porque suas mães foram informadas.
➭ TRECHO:
• "[...] In Kenya, for example, speaking in vernacular was forbidden and sanctioned in schools. One popular method of punishment was to make pupils carry around a skull of some dead animal the whole day as a way of embarrassing the pupil who dared speak in his mother tongue."
• No Quênia, por exemplo, falar em vernáculo era proibido e sancionado nas escolas. Um método popular de punição era fazer com que os alunos carregassem um crânio de algum animal morto durante todo o dia, como forma de embaraçar o aluno que ousasse falar em sua língua materna.
87 – (FUVEST-2004-1ªFASE-VESTIBULAR)
According to the text, adopting the vernaculars in
African schools today is
a) impossible because of ethnic tensions.
b) used as an excuse for not training teachers.
c) the result of a lack of teaching materials.
d) considered impracticable due to the current limitations of those languages.
e) slowly changing the status of teachers and speakers of those languages.
b) used as an excuse for not training teachers.
c) the result of a lack of teaching materials.
d) considered impracticable due to the current limitations of those languages.
e) slowly changing the status of teachers and speakers of those languages.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
De acordo com o texto, a adoção dos vernáculos nas escolas africanas hoje é / está
a) impossible because of ethnic tensions.
impossível por causa de tensões étnicas.
b) used as an excuse for not training teachers.
b) used as an excuse for not training teachers.
usada como desculpa para não treinar professores.
c) the result of a lack of teaching materials.
c) the result of a lack of teaching materials.
o resultado da falta de material didático.
d) considered impracticable due to the current limitations of those languages.
d) considered impracticable due to the current limitations of those languages.
considerada impraticável devido às atuais limitações dessas línguas.
e) slowly changing the status of teachers and speakers of those languages.
e) slowly changing the status of teachers and speakers of those languages.
mudando lentamente o status de professores e falantes desses idiomas.
➭ TRECHO:
• "[...] oday it is difficult to use indigenous languages because they have not developed, been codified and standardised. Hence there is a shortage of teaching materials and trained teachers in the vernaculars. And this has often been used as an excuse for not adopting the vernaculars in schools."
• Hoje é difícil utilizar as línguas nativas porque elas não se desenvolveram, não foram codificadas e padronizadas. Portanto, há uma escassez de materiais didáticos e professores treinados nos vernáculos. E isso tem sido freqüentemente usado como uma desculpa para não adotar os vernáculos nas escolas.
88 – (FUVEST-2004-1ªFASE-VESTIBULAR)
We can say that the author of the passage is
a) convinced that the English language will be beneficial to
African countries.
b) critical of the current status of development of African languages.
c) optimistic about the future of vernacular languages in Africa.
d) discouraged with recent Kenyan government measures concerning education.
e) certain that better trained teachers are the key factor to improve Africa’s education system.
b) critical of the current status of development of African languages.
c) optimistic about the future of vernacular languages in Africa.
d) discouraged with recent Kenyan government measures concerning education.
e) certain that better trained teachers are the key factor to improve Africa’s education system.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito B
Podemos dizer que o autor da passagem é / está
a) convinced that the English language will be beneficial to African countries.
convencido de que a língua inglesa será benéfica para os países africanos.
b) critical of the current status of development of African languages.
b) critical of the current status of development of African languages.
crítico do estado atual do desenvolvimento das línguas africanas.
c) optimistic about the future of vernacular languages in Africa.
c) optimistic about the future of vernacular languages in Africa.
otimista sobre o futuro das línguas vernáculas na África.
d) discouraged with recent Kenyan government measures concerning education.
d) discouraged with recent Kenyan government measures concerning education.
desencorajado com medidas recentes do governo queniano em relação à educação.
e) certain that better trained teachers are the key factor to improve Africa’s education system.
e) certain that better trained teachers are the key factor to improve Africa’s education system.
certo de que professores melhor treinados são o fator chave para melhorar o sistema educacional da África.
➭ TRECHO:
• "[...] Today it is difficult to use indigenous languages because they have not developed, been codified and standardised. Hence there is a shortage of teaching materials and trained teachers in the vernaculars. And this has often been used as an excuse for not adopting the vernaculars in schools."
• Hoje é difícil utilizar as línguas nativas porque elas não se desenvolveram, não foram codificadas e padronizadas. Portanto, há uma escassez de materiais didáticos e professores treinados nos vernáculos. E isso tem sido freqüentemente usado como uma desculpa para não adotar os vernáculos nas escolas.
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