FGV/SP – 2011/2 – EAESP – VESTIBULAR – 2º SEMESTRE – LÍNGUA INGLESA – Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo da Fundação Getulio Vargas – PROVA COM GABARITO.

Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: FGV/SP-2011-EAESP-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE-05/06/2011.

➧ ORGANIZADOR: https://eaesp.fgv.br/

➧ ESTRUTURA-PROVA-2011/2:

➭ 15 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.

➭ Text (I)  – EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANS IN CENTRAL

 AMERICA – The Economist.

➭ Text (II)  – THE FINANCIAL PAGE – The New Yorker.

➧ GABARITO:

01-B, 02-E, 03-D, 04-A, 05-B

06-E, 07-A, 08-C, 09-D, 10-B

11-D, 12-C, 13-B, 14-A, 15-E

➧ TEXTO I:

EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANS IN CENTRAL AMERICA

A line of Bibles leading out of the door of the Friends of Israel Biblical Baptist Tabernacle means the afternoon service is about to start. The church has been extended three times in ten years to seat over 10,000 people, but it is still so busy that the faithful use Bibles to hold their spots in the queue. Weekly attendance is now 80,000, which its officials say is the most in EI Salvador.

The evangelical Protestantism preached within its walls (and on screens outside) has taken off in Central America. Estimates vary, but according to the State Department of the United States, barely 50% of Salvadorans now identify as Catholic, and in Honduras and Belize the share has dropped below half. Nicaragua is close behind. In Mexico, by comparison, 90% have kept the Catholic faith.

Some Central Americans switched during the civil wars of the 1980s, when Catholic priests began criticising their governments. To the authorities, "if you were a Catholic you were suspicious," says Gregorio Rosa Chávez, the assistant bishop of San Salvador. After Archbishop Óscar Romero was murdered in 1980, many turned to Protestant churches.

More recently, the Catholic church's conservatism has shrunk its flock. Edgar López Bertrand, the founder of the Friends of Israel, says he could not become a Catholic priest because his parents were divorced. Now, the crowd outside his church includes teenage couples and not a few miniskirts. (Should relationship problems arise, the church offers a book called “Help! I’m married".) The gospel of prosperity, recklessly preached by some evangelical outfits, goes down well in poor countries: Costa Rica and Panama, twice as rich as their neighbours , remain strongly Catholic.

Proximity to America has spurred the churches’ growth. "Everything we know comes from the United States," says Edgar López Bertrand Jr, who runs Friends of Israel with his father. Media skill is one useful import: his church broadcasts on television and radio, and sells DVDS alongside religious books.

The United States provides missionaries too. Across the region, groups in matching T-shirts build schools and lavatories in the name of God. Honduras alone receives 50,000 a year. "God just pounded my heart," says Toni McAndrew, who came to El Salvador in 2004 to teach the gospel to the deaf, and is now recording the Bible in sign language. Missionaries in San Salvador run an orphanage and a foundation for disabled children, and train evangelical pastors.

The evangelicals' success is forcing the Catholic church to adapt. "We must ask ourselves why our people left, what we are doing wrong," admits Monsignor Rosa Chávez. Some detect a more lenient line on premarital sex and even abortion. And the Catholic church in El Salvador now has its own television channel, which over Christmas featured young presenters wearing Santa hats.

The Economist February 5th-11th 2011

01 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

Which of the following probably best explains the

“line of Bibles leading out of the door of the Friends of Israel Biblical Baptist Tabernacle,”

as mentioned in paragraph 1?

A) The Bibles symbolize the devout Christian faith of the church members.
B) Members waiting to enter the church leave their Bibles on the ground to mark their place in line.
C) Members waiting to enter the church bring their Bibles so they can read while they wait.
D) The church hands out Bibles to those members who are waiting to enter.
E) The church has so many members that they must bring their own Bibles when they come to take part in a religious service.

02 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

According to the information in the article,

A) Central America as a whole is abandoning Catholicism in favor of evangelical Protestantism.
B) Central American countries with strong commercial ties to the United States are more willing to adopt evangelical Protestantism.
C) Central Americans are especially attracted by the conservative moral values of evangelical Protestantism.
D) traditional Catholicism will probably disappear in Central America.
E) evangelical Protestantism has enjoyed little success in some Central American countries.

03 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

According to the information in the article,

during the 1980s,

A) some Central American governments attacked first the Catholic church and then the Protestant churches.
B) many Catholic priests in Central America began publicly criticizing the Catholic church.
C) most Central American Catholics lost faith in their national governments.
D) some Central American governments had trouble with Catholic priests.
E) evangelical Protestants in Central America murdered an important official of the Catholic church.

04 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

Which of the following does the article mention as an important aspect of the evangelical Protestant churches in Central America?

A) A number of evangelical Protestant churches affirm that it’s all right to have a good amount of money.
B) Some evangelical Protestant churches allow their pastors to marry outside of the church.
C) Evangelical Protestant churches are less hypocritical than the Catholic church.
D) Evangelical Protestant churches allow pre-marital sex and even abortion.
E) Evangelical Protestant churches are interested in people and not in power.

05 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

In paragraph 5, the phrase

“Media skill is one useful import…” 

most likely means the same as which of the following?

A) The evangelical Protestant churches have found it useful to import various kinds of media services and products.
B) The evangelical Protestant churches recognize the importance of using the media to promote religion.
C) The ability to use the media well is a valuable technique that came from abroad.
D) The Friends of Israel church has grown fast because of contributions from foreign media.
E) The best religious equipment and material comes from the United States.

06 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

In paragraph 6, the number 50,000 in the sentence

“Honduras alone receives 50,000 a year”

most likely refers to

A) the number of people converting to evangelical Protestantism.
B) lavatories and religious schools.
C) the amount of money contributed by foreign evangelical Protestant churches.
D) the fact that only Honduras receives volunteer workers.
E) missionaries.

07 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

With respect to the success of Central American evangelical Protestantism, which of the following is NOT supported by the information in the article?

A) This success has surprised even the leaders of the evangelical Protestant churches.
B) To a certain extent, the relative failure of the Catholic church has contributed to this success.
C) This success was achieved in part because poor people want money.
D) This success has led the Catholic church to take a serious look at itself.
E) This success was achieved in part because of influence from the United States.

08 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

With respect to the information in the article, in which of the following countries would the Pope most likely receive the warmest welcome?

A) El Salvador
B) Honduras
C) Mexico
D) Nicaragua
E) Belize

➧ TEXTO II:

THE FINANCIAL PAGE

James Surowiecki

1

People really, really hate inflation. In polls, voters regularly cite high prices, as one of their biggest concerns, even when inflation is low. A 2001 study that looked at the "macroeconomics of happiness" found that higher inflation put a severe dent in how happy people reported themselves to be. The distaste for inflation is such that a 1996 study (titled, aptly, 'Why Do People Dislike Inflation?"), by the Yale economist Robert Shiller, found that, in countries around the world, sizable majorities said that they would prefer low inflation and high unemployment to high inflation and low unemployment, even if that meant that millions of extra people would go without work.
2
Weimar-style hyperinflation is, of course, an awful thing. But people loathe inflation even in moderate doses, where the evidence suggests it does little damage. The best estimates of the cost of inflation find that even a ten-per-cent inflation rate – much higher than anyone is currently pushing for – shrinks consumption by just 0.1 to 0.8 per cent. There are other costs, to be sure: inflation shrinks the value of people’s savings, and uncertainty about future prices makes business decisions less efficient. There's also the risk of inflation getting out of control. But the historical record suggests that the risk of three-per-cent inflation turning into hyperinflation is very small.
3
So why is inflation unpopular? The biggest reason, Shiller found, was simply that people believe higher prices reduce their standard of living and make them "poorer." This is obviously true for people living on fixed incomes or off their savings, but for everyone else, as many studies have shown, inflation translates into higher incomes as well as higher prices, and it typically doesn't have much of an effect either way on people's standard of living. (After all, we've had sixty years of inflation in the postwar era, yet we're much more prosperous than we were in 1950.) That's not how it feels, though: myopia leads us to focus on how much more we have to pay, rather than on how much more we earn. Inflation also sets off other alarm bells. It often increases uncertainty, which most people are averse to, and, because it can be described as "weakening" a country's currency, it affects morale. Shiller found that people associated rising inflation with dwindling social cohesion. There's also a moral dimension: we connect inflation to a lack of discipline and failure to live within our means. The most striking thing about Shiller's study was that no one surveyed mentioned any possible benefits of inflation, even though to Americans currently besieged by debts it would be a lifesaver.

The New Yorker, September 27, 2010

09 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

Which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?

A) People fear inflation because money brings happiness.
B) The antipathy that most people have for inflation is justified.
C) It’s impossible to be happy when inflation is out of control.
D) People have a tendency to react irrationally to inflation.
E) Many people would prefer to lower their standard of living than to accept a high rate of inflation.

10 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

Which of the following is most supported by the findings in Robert Shiller’s study (“Why do People Dislike Inflation?”)?

A) Personal happiness depends on inflation.
B) People in general are willing to sacrifice the financial and professional well-being of others in order to keep prices stable.
C) People in general are usually satisfied when unemployment is high but inflation is low.
D) Inflation destroys a country’s social unity.
E) Governments wanting to guarantee social stability must keep inflation low, even if that low inflation results in high unemployment.

11 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

Which of the following is probably the main reason that the author mentions a “ten-per-cent inflation rate” in paragraph 2?

A) He believes that anything above this rate must be considered hyperinflation and will cause serious economic problems.
B) It is an arbitrary number chosen because it is neither excessively high nor excessively low.
C) A ten-per-cent inflation rate can be very effective in reducing a government’s sovereign debt.
D) He wants to support his argument that even moderate inflation is less harmful than people think.
E) Though ten per cent is a moderate inflation rate, the author believes that it is unacceptable to most people.

12 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

According to the information in the article, which of the following is most likely NOT a possible negative effect of inflation?

A) People living on fixed incomes have a lower purchasing power.
B) The value of money in savings accounts decreases.
C) Even a low inflation rate easily turns into hyperinflation.
D) It’s harder for businesses to make decisions involving future prices.
E) People have a greater tendency to become disheartened and anxious.

13 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

With respect to moderate inflation, which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?

A) Even moderate inflation reduces the people’s standard of living and destroys their ability to consume.
B) In general, moderate inflation really doesn’t make a significant material difference in people’s lives.
C) The great prosperity of the United States is the result of a sixty-year period of moderate inflation.
D) Moderate inflation is a necessary condition if wages are to rise.
E) The nature of even moderate inflation is that it always rises faster than wages.

14 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

In the middle of paragraph 3, the phrase

“That’s not how it feels…”

most likely refers to which of the following?

A) Though for most people inflation isn’t necessarily a bad thing, it feels like a bad thing.
B) Though the United States is more prosperous now than it was sixty years ago, it doesn’t feel more prosperous.
C) In general, paying more money for products feels worse than it really is.
D) Since people quickly get used to earning higher wages, they soon feel no different than before, even though they have more money.
E) Though people should be happy when their wages accompany inflation, they tend to become discouraged.

15 – (FGV-2011-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

According to the information in the article, Robert Shiller’s study (“Why do People Dislike Inflation?”)

A) is considered the definitive work on people’s beliefs and misconceptions about inflation.
B) makes a clear distinction between the effects of “good” inflation and the effects of “bad” inflation.
C) presents conclusive proof that inflation does more harm than good.
D) shows through various interviews how a high inflation rate encourages unethical behavior.
E) is surprising in that no person interviewed had anything positive to say about inflation.