PUC/Rio – 2015/2 – VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO – LÍNGUA INGLESA – PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO – PROVA COM GABARITO.

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: PUC-RIO-2015/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO-28/06/2015.

https://www.puc-rio.br/vestibular/

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

➭ 10 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.

➭ Text – | Teens' compulsive texting can cause neck injury, experts warn | www.chicagotribune.com |

❑ TEXT:

Teens' compulsive texting can cause neck injury, experts warn

1
Dean Fishman, a chiropractor in Florida, was examining an X-ray of a 17-year-old patient's neck in 2009 when he noticed something unusual. The ghostly image of her vertebral column showed a reversal of the curvature that normally appears in the cervical spine — a degenerative state he'd most often seen in middle-aged people who had spent several decades of their life in poor posture.
2
"That's when I looked over at the patient," Fishman says. She was slumped in her chair, head tilted downward, madly typing away on her cellphone. When he mentioned to the patient's mother that the girl's posture could be causing her headaches, he got what he describes as an "emotional response." It seemed the teen spent much of her life in that position. Right then, Fishman says, "I knew I was on to something."
3
He theorized that prolonged periods of tilting her head downward to peer into her mobile device had created excessive strain on the cervical spine, causing a repetitive stress injury that ultimately led to spinal degeneration. He began looking through all the recent X-rays he had of young people — many of whom had come in for neck pain or headaches — and he saw the same thing: signs of premature degeneration.
4
Fishman coined the term "text neck" to describe the condition and founded the Text Neck Institute (text-neck.com), a place where people can go for information, prevention and treatment.
5
"The head in neutral has a normal weight" of 10 to 12 pounds, says Fishman, explaining that neutral position is ears over shoulders with shoulder blades pulled back. "If you start to tilt your head forward, with gravity and the distance from neutral, the weight starts to increase."
6
"When your head tilts forward, you're loading the front of the disks," says Dr. Kenneth Hansraj, study author and chief of spine surgery at New York Spine Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine. Though the study didn't look at long-term effects of this position, Hansraj says that, after seeing approximately 30,000 spinal surgery patients, he's witnessed "the way the neck falls apart."
7
In addition, Fishman says, text-neck posture can lead to pinched nerves, arthritis, bone spurs and muscular deformations. "The head and shoulder blades act like a seesaw. When the head goes forward, the shoulder blades will flare out … and the muscles start to change over time."
8
Much like tennis elbow doesn't occur only in people who play tennis, text neck isn't exclusive to people who compulsively send text messages. Hansraj says people in high-risk careers include dentists, architects and welders, whose heavy helmets make them especially vulnerable. He adds that many daily activities involve tilting the head down, but they differ from mobile-device use in intensity and propensity.
9
"Washing dishes is something nobody enjoys, so you do it quickly. And while your head is forward, it's probably tilted at 30 or 40 degrees," he says. People tend to change position periodically while reading a book, and they glance up frequently while holding an infant. But mobile devices are typically held with the neck flexed forward at 60 degrees or greater, and many users, particularly teens, use them compulsively. The study reports that people spend an average of two to four hours a day with their heads tilted at a sharp angle over their smartphones, amounting to 700 to 1,400 hours a year.
10
To remedy the problem, Hansraj has a simple message: "Keep your head up." While texting or scrolling, people should raise their mobile devices closer to their line of sight. The Text Neck Institute has developed the Text Neck Indicator, an interactive app that alerts users when their smartphones are held at an angle that puts them at risk for text neck.  
11
Fishman also recommends that people take frequent breaks while using their mobile devices, as well as do exercises that strengthen muscles behind the neck and between the shoulder blades in order to increase endurance for holding the device properly.
12
He adds, "I'm an avid technology user — and I use it in the proper posture."

http://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/health/la-he-text-neck-20150404-story.html#page=1

1. The main purpose of the text is to:
a) inform parents about the devastating consequences of spinal degeneration.
b) justify why teenagers should not be allowed to text messages on cellphones.
c) alert society about the serious implications of having poor posture when using mobile devices.
d) recommend an interactive app that informs users about the correct angle to hold a cellphone while texting.
e) blame the compulsive use of technology for the muscular deformations that affect professionals in high-risk careers.

R E S P O S T A :   C

• O principal objetivo do texto é:
a) informar os pais sobre as conseqüências devastadoras da degeneração da coluna vertebral.
b) justificar por que os adolescentes não devem ter permissão para enviar mensagens de texto em celulares.
c) alertar a sociedade sobre as sérias implicações de ter má postura ao usar dispositivos móveis.
d) recomende um aplicativo interativo que informe os usuários sobre o ângulo correto para segurar um telefone celular enquanto envia mensagens de texto.
e) culpar o uso compulsivo da tecnologia pelas deformações musculares que afetam os profissionais de carreiras de alto risco.
2. The fragment "I knew I was on to something" (lines 8-9) means that Dean Fishman:
a) found an explanation for the girl’s addiction to technology.
b) knew something related to the concept of “emotional response”.
c) knew that there was something wrong about the girl’s headache.
d) had information that was likely to lead to an important discovery.
e) had the impression that he had missed some relevant information.

R E S P O S T A :   D

•
3. In the fragment “He began looking through all the recent X-rays he had of young people” (line 12), “looking through” can be substituted, without change in meaning, by:
a) piling up.
b) unveiling.
c) examining.
d) eliminating.
e) overlooking.

R E S P O S T A :   C

•
4. Based on the fragment “Though the study didn't look at long-term effects of this position, Hansraj says that, after seeing approximately 30,000 spinal surgery patients, he's witnessed ‘the way the neck falls apart’” (lines 21-23), one can infer that the study has:
a) only concentrated on the long-term effects of “text-neck”.
b) considered the short-term effects of “text-neck” irrelevant.
c) dealt with the long-term effects of “text-neck” in the future.
d) already taken into account the long-term effects of “text-neck”.
e) taken into consideration only the short-term effects of “text-neck”.

R E S P O S T A :  E

•
5. The fragment “In addition, Fishman says, text-neck posture can lead to pinched nerves, arthritis, bone spurs and muscular deformations” (lines 24-25) implies the idea that pinched nerves, arthritis, bone spurs and muscular deformations are:
a) disorders exclusively caused by text-neck posture. b) the only problems that text-neck posture can cause.
c) afflictions that have no connection to text-neck posture.
d) some of the health problems that text-neck posture can lead to.
e) spinal disorders that have been affecting the majority of teenagers.

R E S P O S T A :   D

•
6. The pronoun ‘they’ in “…but they differ from mobile-device use in intensity and propensity.” (lines 30-31) refers to:
a) text messages (line 28).
b) high-risk careers (line 28).
c) heavy helmets (line 29).
d) dentists, architects and welders (lines 28-29).
e) many daily activities (lines 29-30).

R E S P O S T A :   E

•
7. According to paragraph 9 (lines 32-37), the greatest challenge in treating disorders related to “text-neck” is the:
a) compulsive use of smartphones with the neck flexed at great angles.
b) fact that people change position too frequently while reading.
c) angle people put their heads while reading books.
d) poor posture people take while holding an infant.
e) position people take while washing the dishes.

R E S P O S T A :   A

•
8. According to paragraph 10 (lines 38-41), the major function of the app Text Neck Indicator is to:
a) make people less addicted to using smartphones.
b) control the time people spend using their smartphones.
c) force people to take breaks while using their smartphones.
d) alert people to dangerous angles while using smartphones.
e) avoid people tilting their heads while using their smartphones.

R E S P O S T A :   D

•
9. The expression “in order to” in the fragment “…in order to increase endurance for holding the device properly.” (lines 43-44) introduces an idea of:
a) contrast.
b) addition.
c) purpose.
d) concession.
e) exemplification.

R E S P O S T A :   C

•
10. In the fragment "I'm an avid technology user” (line 45), “avid” could be replaced, without change in meaning, by:
a) incompetent.
b) enthusiastic.
c) Indifferent.
d) unskilled.
e) ignorant.

R E S P O S T A :   B

•