ANPAD/JUN-2008 - INGLÊS - Exame da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Administração (ANPAD ) - Prova resolvida e comentada.

Hey,what's up guys!!!...How have you been?!

👍Neste post, veremos a Prova de INGLÊS - Exame da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Administração (ANPAD ) - Aplicada em (JUNHO/2008).

Além da análise e comentários sobre todas as questões,colocamos de forma estratégica,vocábulos comuns(substantivos/adjetivos/advérbios),vocábulos técnicos específicos,conectores,phrasal verbs,falsos cognatos e expressões relevantes,todos relacionados com os textos e com as assertivas das questões.

[a]Banca/Organizadora:

[b]Padrão/Composição
👉Interpretação/Compreensão textual
👉03 textos e 19 questões
🔄Text1 Texto jornalístico "The language barrier and its implications for HQ-subsidiary relationships"
➧Título:"A barreira da linguagem e suas implicações para as relações subsidiárias do QG"
➧Com 08 questões(01 to 08)
🔄Text2 Texto jornalístico "Cracks in a particularly thick glass ceiling; women in South Korea are slowly changing a corporate culture that lags behind the rest of the country"
➧Título:"Rachaduras em um teto de vidro especialmente espesso; As mulheres na Coréia do Sul estão mudando lentamente uma cultura corporativa que fica para trás do resto do país"
➧Com 08 questões(09 to 17)
🔄Text3 Texto jornalístico "Matriculate while-u-wait"
➧Título:"Matricule enquanto espera"
➧Com 03 questões(18,19,20)
[c]Dictionary:
Caso necessário,sugiro que consulte os 02(dois) excelentes dicionários a seguir:
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/
http:/www.macmillandictionary.com/
🔄Verbs:
[to affect="afetar"] 
[to occur(ocorrer)=happen(acontecer)]
[to discourage(desencorajar)=dishearten(desanimar)]
[to replace="substituir","trocar"]
[to avoid ="evitar]
🔄Phrasal Verbs: 

[to call off="cancelar"]

[to fight =resist an illness or emotion,"resistir"]

[to get it of="livrar-se"]

🔄Nouns:

[issue="questão"]
[misunderstandings="mal-entendidos"]
[skills="habilidades"]

🔄Vocábulos técnicos:

[leadership="liderança"]
[managers="gerentes"]
[subsidiary(subsidiária)=branch(filial)]

🔄Expressões técnicas:

[most multinational companies=MNCs=a maioria das empresas multinacionais]
🔄Adjectives
[humorous="humorístico","engraçado"]
[serious=grave(grave)]
[rhetorical="retórica","arte de falar bem"]
🔄Adverbs

[strongly(fortemente)=powerfully]

🔄Conectors/Conjuctions:

[but(bât)=yet=são conectivos introdutórios adversativos que contrasta ideia já mencionada."But how can the world deal conclusively with the problem?"(Mas como o mundo pode lidar conclusivamente com o problema?)]
🔄Expressões nominais:

[lack of="falta de"]
[rhetorical skills="habilidades de falar bem"]

🔄Falsos cognatos:

Agora, vamos à prova.
TEXT 1

The language barrier and its implications for HQ-subsidiary relationships

Drivers of misunderstandings
         Most multinational companies (MNCs) routinely experience the interactionbetween managers belonging to different language groups. Even if the managers inquestion are relatively competent in the language of the other party loss of rhetoricalskills is always present as the use of humor, symbolism, sensitivity, negotiation,persuasion, and motivation requires a very high level of fluency. These are skills that are more important in managerial positions than in operational positions. Cyr and Schneider (1996) found that senior managers had more language-related problems thanproduction employees. As a result of loss of rhetorical skills, misunderstandings aretherefore easily caused, resulting in uncertainty and anxiety (Gudykunst, 1995;SanAntonio, 1988). Whereas Vaara et al (2005) provide an excellent example of these problems in the context of a merger, this problem is particularly pertinent to the HQ-subsidiary relationship. If it is the subsidiary management working without rhetoricals kills, they might fail to impress their senior colleagues and as a result their skills might be undervalued. Where the parent company managers are working without the ability tocommunicate fluently, they may be seen as lacking charisma, confidence, and leadership skills and the subsidiary management may then choose to ignore theirdirection.
          Misunderstandings are aggravated by the need to avoid a loss of face. Theconcept of "face" is much used when discussing Japanese or Chinese culture, but in factit applies to all nationalities (Ting-Toomey, 1988). Nobody, least of all international managers of senior status, want to be considered stupid, ill informed or slow on theuptake. Therefore, managers will often maintain a knowing façade, even when theyhave lost track of a discussion, or remain in stony silence (see also Lincoln et al.,1995).As a consequence such managers can find themselves signing up to agreements theyhave barely comprehended. Subsequently, they may distance themselves from the agreements, alleging there had been no such discussion, or renege on their commitmentsdenying that the implications had been explained (see e.g. Kingston, 1996). In adeveloping HQ-subsidiary relationship, such behaviour can be interpreted asinconsistent, mercurial, and even devious. This may undermine credibility and trust, andthe second language user, in particular, might gain an unmerited reputation of being fickle, unreliable, and deceitful.

Extraído de HARZING, A.; FEELY, A. The language barrier and its implications forHQ-subsidiary relationships. Cross Cultural Management, v.15, n.l, p.49-61, 2008.

INSTRUÇÕES:
As questões de 1 a 5 dizem respeito ao conteúdo do TEXT 1.
Questão01    Gabarito   D 
According to the text, language problems in MNCs
A) affect mostly non-native speakers of English.
B) are more serious in the Japanese and Chinese cultures.
C) do not constitute a common issue in interactions.
D) occur despite speakers' relative linguistic competence.
E) result from lack of leadership and personality.
Comentários:
* O item (A) está incorreto ao afirmar que problemas de linguagem nas MNCs afetam principalmente falantes nativos do inglês.
* O item (B) está incorreto ao afirmar que problemas de linguagem nas MNCs são mais graves nas culturas japonesa e chinesa.
* O item (C) está incorreto ao afirmar que problemas de linguagem nas MNCs não constitui um problema comum nas interações.
* O item (D) está correto ao afirmar que problemas de linguagem nas MNCs ocorrem apesar da competência lingüística relativa dos falantes.
* O item (E) está incorreto ao afirmar que problemas de linguagem nas MNCs resulta da falta de liderança e personalidade.
Questão02    Gabarito   E 
The text explains that in HQ-subsidiary relationships
A) rhetorical skills are demanded by HQs from their subsidiaries.
B) problems are aggravated by nationality characteristics.
C) misunderstandings are more serious than in cases of merging.
D) humorous or symbolic language is strongly discouraged.
E) communication failure has an impact for both parties.
Questão03    Gabarito   C 
To avoid loss of face, managers
A) distance themselves from non-native speakers.
B) make efforts to comprehend agreements.
C) pretend they are following a discussion.
D) seek information about cultural differences.
E) try to improve their second language skills.
Questão04    Gabarito   D 
According to the text, inconsistency results from managers
A) refusing to sign agreements.
B) keeping distance from employees.
C) having a dubious reputation.
D) failing to fulfil their commitments.
E) being considered ill informed.
Questão05     Gabarito   B 
Where in the text do the authors justify the relevance of the kind of research theyreport?
A) Lines 5 to 6
B) Lines 9 to 12
C) Lines 14 to 16
D) Lines 17 to 18
E) Lines 19 to 21
INSTRUÇÕES:
As questões de 6 a 8 consistem em uma palavra ou expressão, eminglês, seguida de cinco opções de palavras ou expressões, também em inglês,identificadas de A até E. Escolha a opção que apresenta o melhor sinônimo da palavraou expressão nas linhas indicadas do TEXT 1.
Questão06     Gabarito   C 
SLOW ON THE UPTAKE (line 20/21)
A) Not eager to interact
B) Not fast to communicate
C) Not quick to understand
D) Not ready to interact
E) No willing to agree
Questão07     Gabarito   C 
BARELY ( line 25)
A) Very easily
B) Very freely
C) Very little
D) Very precisely
E) Very quickly
Questão08    Gabarito   A 
FICKLE (line 31 )
A) Inconsistent
B) Impatient
C) Intimidating
D) Impenetrable
E) Intolerant
TEXT 2
Cracks in a particularly thick glass ceiling; women in South Korea are slowlychanging a corporate culture that lags behind the rest of the country
South Koreans are a bit conflicted about career women. Gender wasn't much of an issue in the selection of a female astronaut to fly this month on the country's firstspace mission. But when women are seeking workaday corporate jobs, some SouthKorean men still resist change. Outer space is one thing, but a woman the next cubicleis something else.
For years, most educated women in South Korea who wanted to work couldfollow but one career path, which began and ended with teaching. The situation startedto change after the 1998 Asian financial crisis. Thousands of men lost their jobs or took salary cuts, and their wives had to pick up the slack by starting businesses in theirhomes or seeking part-time work. A couple of years later, the government banned gender discrimination in the workplace and required businesses with more than 500employees to set up child-care facilities. It also created a Gender Equality Ministry.These days the government hires thousands of women (42% of its newemployees last year), many for senior positions in the judiciary, international tradeadministration, and foreign service. Startups and foreign companies also employ (and promote) increasing numbers of Korean women.
One of the guys
But at the top 400 companies, many of which are family-run conglomerates, it’s hard for women to reach ranks. In all, about 8% of working women hold managerialpositions. (In the V.S. nearly 51% do.) "We have a long way to go", says Cho Jin Woo,director of the Gender Equality Ministry.South Koreans are grappling with traditional attitudes about women, ahierarchical business culture, and the need to open up the workplace to compete globally. A senior manager at SK Holdings, which controls the giant mobile phonecarrier SK Telecom, says he avoids hiring women because he believes they lack tenacity. When deadlines are tight, he says, "You need people prepared to put in longhours at the office". Park Myung Soon, a 39-year-old woman who is in charge of business development at the carrier, says, "Many men are preoccupied with the notion that women are a different species". To get ahead, Park says she had to achieve 120% of what her male colleagues did-as well as play basketball and drink with them afterwork. "Luckily, I like sports, and l like to drink", she says.
Extraído de Business Week,n. 4080, p.58, April 21, 2008.
INSTRUÇÕES:
As questões de 9 a 14 dizem respeito ao conteúdo do TEXT 2.
Questão09    Gabarito   E 
According to the text, South Korean women
A) are conflicted about gender issues.
B) can only dream of becoming astronauts.
C) do not like changes in their relations with men.
D) end up working in small cubicles next to men.
E) have traditionally been led to work as teachers.
Questão10    Gabarito   B 
The 1998 financial crisis
A) was the result of the country' s traditional workplace.
B) prompted women to find jobs and other forms of income.
C) led to changes in gender re1ationsin the workplace.
D) forced the government to ban men from the workplace.
E) encouraged South Korean wives to stay in their homes.
Questão11    Gabarito   A 
All of the following facts explain why South Korean women are in a better positiontoday than in the past
EXCEPT FOR
A) they compare to women in the US holding top managerial positions
B) they have support from their workplace to raise their children.~
C) they may be hired by foreign companies and new enterprises
(D) they reach upper ranks in government institutions and services./
E) they rely on government regulations to ban gender discrimination.
Questão12    Gabarito   B 
Park Myung Soon is mentioned in the text as an example of a South Korean whoA) competes with men in basketball games.
B) devotes time and effort to show she can manage.
C) finds it difficult to stay long hours at the office.
D) likes drinking with her friends after work.
E) works 120 hours ahead other male colleagues.
Questão13     Gabarito   A 
The problem with women according to the manager at SK Holdings is that they
A) are not persistent enough
B) cannot compete globally.
C) have different habits from men.
D) hold traditional values.
E) work long hours at the office.
Questão14     Gabarito   E 
Space missions are mentioned in the text in order to
A) show that South Korea has technological expertise to fly to outer space.
B) prove that women do not lack tenacity and can reach upper ranks.
C) illustrate the impact of the creation of the Gender Equality Ministry.
D) exemplify how South Korea is opening up to compete globally.
E) contrast that sector with corporate culture and its reluctance to changes.
INSTRUÇÕES:
As questões de 15 a 17 consistem em uma palavra ou expressão, eminglês, seguida de cinco opções de palavras ou expressões, também em inglês,identificadas de A até E. Escolha a opção que apresenta o melhor sinônimo da palavraou expressão nas linhas indicadas do TEXT 2.
Questão15    Gabarito   A 

TO PICK UP THE SLACK (line 9)
A) To do work to earn money.
B) To fight the government.
C) To comfort their families.
D) To begin a new career.
E) To quit their husbands.
Questão16    Gabarito   C 
PUT IN (line 28)
A) Cut.
B) Rest.
C) Spend.
D) Wait
E) Waste.
Questão17     Gabarito   B 
GRAPPLING (line 25)
A) Suffering.
B) Struggling.
C) Playing.
D) Leaning.
E) Agreeing.
TEXT 3

Matriculate while-u-wait

       Tom Petty had it right: The waiting is the hardest part. Now William & Maryand Wake Forest B-schools are doing something about that. They have come up with anexpress service for admissions that reduces the months-long wait for acceptance notification to a matter of hours by replacing the lengthy application essay with an hour-long face-to-face interview by faculty and school administrators. At both schools, about 10% of all applicants used the fast-track process, which the schools sayis more effective than traditional applications because it requires students to demonstrate business skills such as preparedness and grace under fire.
Extraído de  Business Week,n. 4078, p.92,ApriI,2008.
INSTRUÇÕES:
As questões 18 e 19 dizem respeito ao conteúdo do TEXT 3.
Questão18    Gabarito   D 
The title of the text refers to the fact that students
A) are requested to wait outside the interview room before they get a notification.
B) can write their applications while they wait to talk with interviewers.
C) have to show their business skills by filling application forms and writing essays.
D) learn they have been accepted and can enrol shortly after their interviews.
E) still have to wait for long periods to get admitted to some business colleges.
Comentários:
Esta questão explora o título do texto "matricule-se enquanto espera".
*Item (A)" está incorreto ao afirmar que "os alunos são convidados a esperar fora da sala de entrevistas antes de receber uma notificação". O título do texto não se refere a "esperar fisicamente" e sim ao simples "ato de esperar por um tempo para fazer algo" que no caso é "esperar para fazer a matrícula".
*Item (B)" está incorreto ao afirmar que "os alunos podem fazer as suas inscrições enquanto esperam para falar com os entrevistadores". O título não quer dizer que é "esperar para falar com alguém" e sim "esperar pelo tempo que eles fazem as suas inscrições".
*Item (C)" está incorreto ao afirmar que "os alunos tem que mostrar suas habilidades comerciais por preencher formulários de inscrição e fazer redação". O título não quer dizer que é "esperar para falar com alguém" e sim "esperar pelo tempo que eles fazem as suas inscrições". O texto não diz que os alunos são obrigados a fazer redação.Veja:
[...]They have come up with an express service for admissions that reduces the months-long wait for acceptance notification to a matter of hours by replacing the lengthy application essay with anhour-long face-to-face interview by faculty and school administrators.(Elas inventaram um serviço expresso para admissões que reduz os meses do tempo de espera para a notificação de aceitação a uma questão de horas substituindo a extensa redação do processo de inscrição uma entrevista pessoal ,de 1 hora de duração,feita por parte dos professores e administradores escolares)
*Item (D)" está correto ao afirmar que os alunos sabem que eles foram aceitos e podem se inscrever logo após suas entrevistas. Veja trecho do texto:
[...]They have come up with an express service for admissions that reduces the months-long wait for acceptance notification to a matter of hours by replacing the lengthy application essay with an hour-long face-to-face interview by faculty and school administrators. 
*Item (E)" está incorreto ao afirmar que os alunos ainda tem que esperar por longos períodos para ser admitido em algumas faculdades de negócios. O texto diz que os alunos não tem mais que esperar por longos períodos. 
Questão19    Gabarito   C 
According to the text, the new admission process is more effective because
A) 10% of all applicants at both schools have used it.
B) students look graceful during the interview.
C) required skills can be demonstrated face-to-face.
D) both faculty and school administrators are involved.
E) application essays are now shorter than before.
Comentários:
*Esta questão aborda o "porque" da efetividade do novo processo de admissão.
*Item (A)" está incorreto ao afirmar que o novo processo é mais efetivo porque "10% de todos os candidatos em ambas as escolas usaram o processo". O texto realmente afirma que 10% dos candidatos usaram o processo rápido de matrícula mas não quer dizer que o processo necessariamente é "efetivo".
*Item (B)" está incorreto ao afirmar que o novo processo é mais efetivo porque "os alunos parecem graciosos durante a entrevista". O texto não afrima que o candidato "parecer gracioso" é fator de efetividade do novo processo.
*Item (C)" está correto ao afirmar que o novo processo é mais efetivo porque "as competências necessárias podem ser demonstradas pessoalmente". O texto confirma o item quando expressa que a entrevista de 1h requer que os alunos demonstre habilidades de negócios, tais como a prontidão e permanecer calmo sob pressão.Veja no trecho:
[...]At both schools, about 10% of all applicants used the fast-track process, which the schools sayis more effective than traditional applications because it requires students to demonstrate business skills such as preparedness and grace under fire.(Em ambas as escolas, cerca de 10% de todos os candidatos utilizaram o processo acelerado, o que diz que as escolas são mais eficazes do que as aplicações tradicionais porque ele exige que os alunos demonstrem habilidades comerciais, tais como a prontidão e permanecer calmo sob pressão).
*Item (D)" está incorreto ao afirmar que o novo processo é mais efetivo porque " tanto os professores como os administradores escolares estão envolvidos". Eles estão envolvidos mas não é fator determinante.
*Item (E)" está incorreto ao afirmar que o novo processo é mais efetivo porque "as redações de admissão agora são mais curtos que antes.". O texto afirma que a redação foi substituída pela entrevista.
INSTRUÇÕES:
A questão 20 diz respeito a aspectos formais do TEXT 3, mais especificamente a relações de coesão e inferência. Escolha a opção que melhor substitui a palavra especificada nesta questão tendo em vista a linha indicada no TEXT 3.
Questão20     Gabarito   D 
THAT (line 3)
A) Students thinking they are always right.
B) Some schools being classified as B-schools.
C) Essays being replaced by hour-long interviews.
D) Candidates waiting long for acceptance notifications.
E) Applications requiring a face-to-face interview
Comentários:
A questão aborda pronome referencial "that".
No texto vemos:
"[...]The waiting is the hardest part. Now William & Maryand Wake Forest B-schools are doing something about that."
Perceba que "that" refere-se ao problema de "espera".