UNIFESP – 2012 – VESTIBULAR – LÍNGUA INGLESA – UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SÃO PAULO – PROVA COM GABARITO COMENTADO & TEXTOS TRADUZIDOS.

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: UNIFESP-2012-VESTIBULAR-15/12/2011.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

➭ 15 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question

➭ Text (1) – How computers will soon get under our skin | www.independent.co.uk |

➭ Text (2) – Longevity: Habits May Extend Life Only So Much | www.nytimes.com |

❑ PROVA:

TEXTO: Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 31 a 39.

How computers will soon get under our skin

By Steve Connor, Science Editor
12 August 2011

1

It may soon be possible to wear your computer or mobile phone under your sleeve, with the invention of an ultra-thin and flexible electronic circuit that can be stuck to the skin like a temporary tattoo. The device, which is almost invisible, can perform just as well as more conventional electronic machines but without the need for wires or bulky power supplies, scientists said. The development could mark a new era in consumer electronics. The technology could be used for applications ranging from medical diagnosis to covert
military operations.

2

The "epidermal electronic system" relies on a highly flexible electrical circuit composed of snake-like conducting channels that can bend and stretch without affecting performance. The circuit is about the size of a postage stamp, is thinner than a human hair and sticks to the skin by natural electrostatic forces rather than glue. “We think this could be an important conceptual advance in wearable electronics, to achieve something that is almost unnoticeable to the wearer. The technology can connect you to the physical world and the cyberworld in a very natural way that feels comfortable,” said Professor Todd Coleman of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, who led the research team.

3

A simple stick-on circuit can monitor a person’s heart rate and muscle movements as well as conventional medical monitors, but with the benefit of being weightless and almost completely undetectable. Scientists said it may also be possible to build a circuit for detecting throat movements around the larynx in order to transmit the information wirelessly as a way of recording a person’s speech, even if they are not making any discernible sounds.

4

Tests have already shown that such a system can be used to control a voice-activated computer game, and one suggestion is that a stick-on voicebox circuit could be used in covert police operations where it might be too dangerous to speak into a radio transmitter. "The blurring of electronics and biology is really the key point here," said Yonggang Huang, professor of engineering at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. "All established forms of electronics are hard, rigid. Biology is soft, elastic. It’s two different worlds. This is a way to truly integrate them."

5

Engineers have built test circuits mounted on a thin, rubbery substrate that adheres to the skin. The circuits have included sensors, light-emitting diodes, transistors, radio frequency capacitors, wireless antennas, conductive coils and solar cells. “We threw everything in our bag of tricks on to that platform, and then added a few other new ideas on top of those, to show that we could make it work,” said John Rogers, professor of engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, a lead author of the study, published in the journal Science.

(www.independent.co.uk. Adaptado.)

👉 Questão  31 :
The "epidermal electronic system"
(A) has already been tested in some hospitals to help medical diagnosis.
(B) is widely used by experts in cybergames.
(C) may be glued to clothes, personal objects and even skin.
(D) can be hardly noticed due to its dimensions and
characteristics.
(E) should be connected to external remote devices such as the transistor and solar cells.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

The "epidermal electronic system"
(A) has already been tested in some hospitals to help medical diagnosis.
(B) is widely used by experts in cybergames.
(C) may be glued to clothes, personal objects and even skin.
(D) can be hardly noticed due to its dimensions and
characteristics.
(E) should be connected to external remote devices such as the transistor and solar cells.

O "sistema eletrônico epidérmico" dificilmente pode ser notado devido às suas dimensões e  características, VEJA:
"[...] The "epidermal electronic system" relies on a highly flexible electrical circuit composed of snake-like conducting channels that can bend and stretch without affecting performance. The circuit is about the size of a postage stamp, is thinner than a human hair and sticks to the skin by natural electrostatic forces rather than glue. “We think this could be an important conceptual advance in wearable electronics, to achieve something that is almost unnoticeable to the wearer. The technology can connect you to the physical world and the cyberworld in a very natural way that feels comfortable,” said Professor Todd Coleman of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, who led the research team."
(O "sistema eletrônico epidérmico" depende de um circuito elétrico altamente flexível composto por canais condutores de serpentes que podem dobrar e esticar sem afetar o desempenho. O circuito é do tamanho de um selo postal, é mais fino do que um cabelo humano e se adere à pele por forças eletrostáticas naturais em vez de cola. "Nós pensamos que este poderia ser um avanço conceitual importante na eletrônica wearable, para conseguir algo que é quase imperceptível para o usuário. A tecnologia pode conectá-lo ao mundo físico e ao cyberworld de uma forma muito natural que se sente confortável ", disse o professor Todd Coleman, da Universidade de Illinois, em Urbana-Champaign, que liderou o time de pesquisa.)
👉 Questão  32 :
O sistema eletrônico epidérmico
(A) é confortável, devido a sua flexibilidade, entre outros atributos.
(B) necessita de uma cola especial, que simula a textura da pele.
(C) complementa os medidores de batimentos cardíacos convencionais, já que é portátil.
(D) se assemelha a uma serpente, pois pode ser enrolado no corpo todo.
(E) não consegue ser detectado por serviços de espionagem militar e pela polícia.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

O sistema eletrônico epidérmico
(A) é confortável, devido a sua flexibilidade, entre outros atributos.
(B) necessita de uma cola especial, que simula a textura da pele.
(C) complementa os medidores de batimentos cardíacos convencionais, já que é portátil.
(D) se assemelha a uma serpente, pois pode ser enrolado no corpo todo.
(E) não consegue ser detectado por serviços de espionagem militar e pela polícia.
O sistema eletrônico epidérmico é confortável, devido a sua flexibilidade, entre outros atributos, VEJA:
"[...]The "epidermal electronic system" relies on a highly flexible electrical circuit composed of snake-like conducting channels that can bend and stretch without affecting performance."
(O "sistema eletrônico epidérmico" BASEIA-SE em um circuito elétrico altamente flexível composto por canais condutores semelhantes a cobras que podem dobrar-se e esticar sem afetar o desempenho.)
👉 Questão  33 :
In order to create the "epidermal electronic system",
(A) engineers produced a synthetic skin made of rubber and human cells to print the circuits.
(B) scientists replaced the traditional hard electronic parts for organic ones.
(C) it was necessary to merge the different conceptual frameworks of biology and electronics.
(D) the consumer market in the military and medical fields was researched.
(E) biologists first tested the organic compatibility of the device.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

In order to create the "epidermal electronic system",
(A) engineers produced a synthetic skin made of rubber and human cells to print the circuits.
(B) scientists replaced the traditional hard electronic parts for organic ones.
(C) it was necessary to merge the different conceptual frameworks of biology and electronics.
(D) the consumer market in the military and medical fields was researched.
(E) biologists first tested the organic compatibility of the device.

Para criar o "sistema eletrônico epidérmico", foi necessário combinar os diferentes quadros conceituais de biologia e eletrônica, VEJA:
"[...] Tests have already shown that such a system can be used to control a voice-activated computer game, and one suggestion is that a stick-on voicebox circuit could be used in covert police operations where it might be too dangerous to speak into a radio transmitter. "The blurring of electronics and biology is really the key point here," said Yonggang Huang, professor of engineering at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. "All established forms of electronics are hard, rigid. Biology is soft, elastic. It's two different worlds. This is a way to truly integrate them."
(Os testes já mostraram que esse sistema pode ser usado para controlar um jogo de computador ativado por voz, e uma sugestão é que um circuito de caixa de voz pode ser usado em operações policiais secretas, onde pode ser muito perigoso falar em um transmissor de rádio . "O desfoque da eletrônica e da biologia é realmente o ponto chave aqui", disse Yonggang Huang, professor de engenharia da Northwestern University em Evanston, Illinois. "Todas as formas estabelecidas de eletrônicos são difíceis, rígidas. A biologia é macia e elástica. São dois mundos diferentes. Esta é uma maneira de integrá-los verdadeiramente".)
👉 Questão  34 :
The sentence based on the second paragraph – The circuit sticks to the skin by natural electrostatic forces rather than glue. – means that
(A) the skin produces natural glue that attracts the circuit like electrostatic forces.
(B) while electrostatic glue may be used, the skin’s natural glue holds the circuit.
(C) electrostatic forces produced by the circuit in contact with the skin create a sticky circuit.
(D) the circuit is glued to the skin through a natural sticky secretion.
(E) natural electrostatic forces, instead of glue, stick the circuit to the skin.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) the skin produces natural glue that attracts the circuit like electrostatic forces.
(B) while electrostatic glue may be used, the skin’s natural glue holds the circuit.
(C) electrostatic forces produced by the circuit in contact with the skin create a sticky circuit.
(D) the circuit is glued to the skin through a natural sticky secretion.
(E) natural electrostatic forces, instead of glue, stick the circuit to the skin.

A frase baseada no segundo parágrafo - O circuito adere à pele por forças eletrostáticas naturais em vez de cola. - significa que forças eletrostáticas naturais, em vez de cola, colam o circuito à pele.
👉 Questão  35 :
No trecho do terceiro parágrafo – A simple stick-on circuit can monitor a person's heart rate and muscle movements as well as conventional medical monitors, but with the benefit of being weightless and almost completely undetectable. – a expressão as well as equivale, em português, a
(A) de modo adequado.
(B) tão bem como.
(C) bem como.
(D) também.
(E) de modo melhor que.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) de modo adequado.
(B) tão bem como.
(C) bem como.
(D) também.
(E) de modo melhor que.

A estrutura "as well as"(assim como/tão bem como) na oração equivale a "tão bem como", VEJA:
"[...]A simple stick-on circuit can monitor a person's heart rate and muscle movements as well as conventional medical monitors, but with the benefit of being weightless and almost completely undetectable."
(Um simples circuito de encadernação pode monitorar a freqüência cardíaca e os movimentos musculares de uma pessoa, tão bem como os monitores médicos convencionais, mas com o benefício de ser sem peso e quase completamente indetectável.)
👉 Questão  36 :
In the excerpt of the fourth paragraph – where it might be too dangerous to speak into a radio transmitter. – the word might
conveys an idea of
(A) possibility.
(B) ability.
(C) request.
(D) certainty.
(E) demand.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) possibility.
(B) ability.
(C) request.
(D) certainty.
(E) demand.

No trecho do quarto parágrafo - where it might be too dangerous to speak into a radio transmitter.(onde pode ser muito perigoso falar num transmissor de rádio) - a palavra might transmiti uma ideia de "possibility"(possibilidade).
Demais itens incorretos:
* ability(habilidade).
* request(pedido).
* certainty(certeza/convicção).
* demand(exigência).
👉 Questão  37 :
In the excerpt of the fourth paragraph – This is a way to truly integrate them. – the word this refers to
(A) two different worlds.
(B) electronics.
(C) biology.
(D) control a voice activated device.
(E) blurring of electronics and biology.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) two different worlds.
(B) electronics.
(C) biology.
(D) control a voice activated device.
(E) blurring of electronics and biology.

O pronome "this" refere-se a "blurring of electronics and biology".
👉 Questão  38 :
O trecho do quarto parágrafo – All established forms of electronics are hard, rigid. Biology is soft, elastic. – pode ser reescrito, sem alteração de sentido, como
(A) All established forms of electronics are hard and rigid; therefore, biology is soft and elastic.
(B) All established forms of electronics are hard and rigid instead of biology, that is soft and elastic.
(C) All established forms of electronics are hard and rigid, where biology is soft and elastic.
(D) All established forms of electronics are hard and rigid whereas biology is soft and elastic.
(E) All established forms of electronics are hard and rigid because biology is soft and elastic.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) All established forms of electronics are hard and rigid; therefore, biology is soft and elastic.
(B) All established forms of electronics are hard and rigid instead of biology, that is soft and elastic.
(C) All established forms of electronics are hard and rigid, where biology is soft and elastic.
(D) All established forms of electronics are hard and rigid whereas biology is soft and elastic.
(E) All established forms of electronics are hard and rigid because biology is soft and elastic.
"All established forms of electronics are hard, rigid. Biology is soft, elastic."(Todas as formas estabelecidas de eletrônicos são difíceis, rígidas. A biologia é macia e elástica.) – pode ser reescrito, sem alteração de sentido, como:
"All established forms of electronics are hard and rigid whereas biology is soft and elastic."
(Todas as formas estabelecidas de eletrônicos são rígidas e rígidas enquanto que a biologia é macia e elástica.)
👉 Questão  39 :
In the last paragraph, an example of what a "bag of tricks" contains is
(A) skin.
(B) light-emitting diodes.
(C) epidermal electronic system.
(D) test circuits.
(E) new ideas.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) skin.
(B) light-emitting diodes.
(C) epidermal electronic system.
(D) test circuits.
(E) new ideas.
No último parágrafo, um exemplo do que contém um "saco de truques" é "light-emitting diodes"(diodos emissores de luz).

TEXTO 2: Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 40 a 45.

Longevity: Habits May Extend Life Only So Much

By Nicholas Bakalar
August 8, 2011
       The eating, drinking and exercise habits of extremely old but healthy people differ little from those of the rest of us, a new study has found. Gerontologists at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine recruited 477 Ashkenazi Jews ages 95 to 112 who were living independently. The researchers took blood samples, did physical examinations and obtained detailed personal and medical histories from each participant. Then they compared them with 1,374 non-Hispanic white adults, ages 65 to 74, from the general population. For both men and women, consumption of alcohol, amount of physical activity and the percentage of people on low-calorie or low-salt diets were almost identical in the two groups.
        Long-lived men were less likely to be obese than their younger counterparts, although no less likely to be overweight. The oldest women were more likely to be overweight and less likely to be obese. More men among the oldest were nonsmokers, but smoking habits were not significantly different among the women.
        43 that it all depends on genes, and we might as well eat, drink and be merry? No, according to the senior author, Dr. Nir Barzilai, director of the Institute for Aging Research at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. "For most of us who 44 genes for longevity," he said, "if you follow the healthy lifestyle the medical community has put forth, you are 45 to live past 80."
        The study was published online last week in The Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

(www.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)

👉 Questão  40 :
According to the text,
(A) independent elderly people are more likely to live more and in a healthy way.
(B) the research compared two groups: one of men aged from 95 to 112 and one of women aged from 65 to 74.
(C) the study concluded that extremely old people do not have significantly different eating, drinking and exercise habits from the rest of the population.
(D) women in the oldest group were more likely to be
nonsmokers when compared to women in the 65 to 74 group.
(E) non-Hispanic white adults tend to live less than
Ashkenazi Jews, probably because of their lifestyle.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) independent elderly people are more likely to live more and in a healthy way.
(B) the research compared two groups: one of men aged from 95 to 112 and one of women aged from 65 to 74.
(C) the study concluded that extremely old people do not have significantly different eating, drinking and exercise habits from the rest of the population.
(D) women in the oldest group were more likely to be
nonsmokers when compared to women in the 65 to 74 group.
(E) non-Hispanic white adults tend to live less than
Ashkenazi Jews, probably because of their lifestyle.
De acordo com o texto, o estudo concluiu que as pessoas extremamente idosas não têm hábitos de alimentação, beber e exercício significativamente diferentes do resto da população, VEJA:
"[...]The eating, drinking and exercise habits of extremely old but healthy people differ little from those of the rest of us, a new study has found. Gerontologists at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine recruited 477 Ashkenazi Jews ages 95 to 112 who were living independently. The researchers took blood samples, did physical examinations and obtained detailed personal and medical histories from each participant. Then they compared them with 1,374 non-Hispanic white adults, ages 65 to 74, from the general population. For both men and women, consumption of alcohol, amount of physical activity and the percentage of people on low-calorie or low-salt diets were almost identical in the two groups."
(Os hábitos de comer, beber e exercitar-se de pessoas extremamente velhas, mas saudáveis, diferem pouco dos outros, descobriu um novo estudo. Os gerontologistas da Faculdade de Medicina Albert Einstein recrutaram 477 judeus Ashkenazi de 95 a 112 que viviam de forma independente. Os pesquisadores tomaram amostras de sangue, fizeram exames físicos e obtiveram histórias pessoais e médicas detalhadas de cada participante. Em seguida, eles os compararam com 1.374 adultos brancos não hispânicos, de 65 a 74 anos, da população em geral. Tanto para homens como para mulheres, o consumo de álcool, a quantidade de atividade física e a porcentagem de pessoas em dietas com baixa caloria ou baixa sal foi quase idêntica nos dois grupos.)
👉 Questão  41 :
Os homens que fizeram parte do grupo da faixa etária mais velha
(A) eram todos antitabagistas.
(B) apresentaram propensão à obesidade e ao sobrepeso.
(C) não consumiam bebidas alcoólicas e faziam dieta com restrição de calorias e de sal.
(D) não eram sedentários, mas também não praticavam exercícios físicos.
(E) apresentaram uma tendência ao sobrepeso semelhante à dos homens na faixa dos 65 a 74 anos.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) eram todos antitabagistas.
(B) apresentaram propensão à obesidade e ao sobrepeso.
(C) não consumiam bebidas alcoólicas e faziam dieta com restrição de calorias e de sal.
(D) não eram sedentários, mas também não praticavam exercícios físicos.
(E) apresentaram uma tendência ao sobrepeso semelhante à dos homens na faixa dos 65 a 74 anos.
Os homens que fizeram parte do grupo da faixa etária mais velha apresentaram uma tendência ao sobrepeso semelhante à dos homens na faixa dos 65 a 74 anos, VEJA:
"[...] Long-lived men were less likely to be obese than their younger counterparts, although no less likely to be overweight. The oldest women were more likely to be overweight and less likely to be obese. More men among the oldest were nonsmokers, but smoking habits were not significantly different among the women."
(Os homens de longa duração eram menos propensos a ser obesos do que seus homólogos mais jovens, embora não houvesse menos probabilidade de sobrepeso. As mulheres mais velhas tinham maior probabilidade de ter excesso de peso e menos probabilidades de serem obesas. Mais homens entre os mais velhos eram não fumantes, mas os hábitos de fumar não eram significativamente diferentes entre as mulheres.)
👉 Questão  42 :
No trecho do segundo parágrafo – Long-lived men were less likely to be obese than their younger counterparts, although no less likely to be overweight. – a palavra although pode ser substituída, sem alteração de sentido, por
(A) but.
(B) so.
(C) or.
(D) since.
(E) thus.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) but.
(B) so.
(C) or.
(D) since.
(E) thus.
A palavra although (contudo,mas) transmite a ideia de "contraste" e pode ser substituída por "but"(mas).
PREENCHIMENTO DE LACUNAS: Assinale as alternativas que completam correta e respectivamente as lacunas numeradas no texto.

👉 Questão  43 :
(A) Do you talk
(B) Have they done
(C) Has it said
(D) Does this mean
(E) Is he showing

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  X 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) Do you talk
(B) Have they done
(C) Has it said
(D) Does this mean
(E) Is he showing
A estrutura "Does this mean"(isso signfica?) preenche corretamente a lacuna 33, VEJA:
"[...] Does this mean that it all depends on genes, and we might as well eat, drink and be merry?"
(Isso significa que tudo depende dos genes, e podemos também comer, beber e ser feliz?)
👉 Questão  44 :
(A) doesn't express
(B) do not have
(C) had been living
(D) shows
(E) will present

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) doesn't express
(B) do not have
(C) had been living
(D) shows
(E) will present
A estrutura "Does this mean"(isso signfica?) preenche corretamente a lacuna 33, VEJA:
"[...]"For most of us who do not have genes for longevity,"
(Para a maioria de nós que não temos genes para a longevidade.)
👉 Questão  45 :
(A) less likely
(B) can’t like
(C) much more likely
(D) even more like
(E) least probable

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) less likely
(B) can’t like
(C) much more likely
(D) even more like
(E) least probable
A estrutura "Does this mean"(isso signfica?) preenche corretamente a lacuna 33, VEJA:
"[...]"if you follow the healthy lifestyle the medical community has put forth, you are much more likely to live past 80."
(Se você seguir o estilo de vida saudável que a comunidade médica apresentou, você é muito mais propenso a viver além do 80 anos.)