By Digestive Health Team
August 24, 2016
Are You Pooping All Wrong?
5 tips to keep your bowels healthy
When it comes to our bowels — and their
movements — we may not give them much thought.
Of course, when things are not going well, we
notice.
However, bowel movements don’t just tell us
about the health of our digestive system. This may
sound strange, but signs of everything from
diseases to stress may show up in your bathroom
habits. The key is knowing what to look for — and
what the signs may mean.
Here are five tips to encourage healthy bowels:
1. Don't ignore rectal bleeding
The first thing most people worry about when
they have minor rectal bleeding is that they have a
cancer. Of course, colon cancer is also a concern.
But it’s the cause of rectal bleeding only 1 to 2
percent of the time.
Two problems are usually responsible for
blood on the paper, on the stool or in the toilet:
hemorrhoids and anal fissures.
The good news is
that both problems are usually easy to fix.
2. Be careful not to be overzealous when you
wipe
A lot of people assume they have hemorrhoids.
May their bottoms itch and they feel extra skin down
there as they wipe. Must be hemorrhoids, right?
So they treat themselves with medicated wipes
or cream. And yet the “hemorrhoids” don’t go away
— they itch even more.
Often, the problem is, ironically, being too
clean. What happens is a circular process. Filled
with good intentions, you try to keep yourself
scrupulously clean by using flushable wipes. But
the unexpected result is that this leads to itching
and the feeling that you have hemorrhoids.
3. Don’t treat the bathroom like a library
Think of your time in the bathroom as a necessity,
not an extended escape. If your toilet has stacks
of magazines or books on the water tank, consider
moving them to another room.
Why? The more time you spend on the toilet, the
more likely you will strain for bowel movements.
Also, the seated position puts extra stress on your anal blood vessels. Both of these factors boost
your risk of hemorrhoids.
4. Get enough fiber in your diet
The goal is to eat 25 to 35 grams of fiber each
day. The lack of fiber in the American diet is
perhaps the major problem that leads to issues
with constipation.
One of the challenges is that not all natural
sources are equal in the amounts of fiber they
contain, so you don’t always get a consistent
amount of fiber intake every day, depending on
what you eat.
One day a bowl of oatmeal may do it.
Another day a serving of broccoli may not.
Of course, each person’s needs are different,
too, so you have to find what works best for your
body.
5. Avoid dehydration if you have diarrhea
The biggest danger with a short bout of diarrhea
is dehydration, or the loss of water and nutrients
from the body’s tissues. You could become
dehydrated if you have diarrhea more than three
times a day and are not drinking enough fluids.
Dehydration can cause serious complications
if it is not treated. The best way to guard against
dehydration is to drink liquids that contain both
salt and sugar.
(Source: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/2016/08/poop/)
01 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
What does the text 'Are you pooping all
wrong?' mainly talk about?
(A) That it is important to observe one’s feces
because they can tell the person how good his
or her stomach is going.
(B) That it is important to observe one’s feces
because they may indicate whether the person
has worms or not.
(C) That it is important to observe one’s bowels
because they can bleed indicating colon or rectal
cancer.
(D) That it is important to observe one’s bowel
movements because It is not confortable to poop
in a public place such as a library.
(E) That it is important to observe one’s bowel
movements because they can indicate how other
aspects of the person’s health is going.
02 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
Based on the information provided, mark the
correct option concerning the use of toilet
paper when you go to the bathroom.
(A) Being overzealous when you wipe will certainly
give you hemorrhoids because it makes the anal
region itch.
(B) Being overzealous when you wipe is the best
way to prevent hemorrhoids and that extra skin
feeling on the toilet paper.
(C) Be careful not to be too diligent when you wipe
after pooping because the anal region is a lot
sensitive and it can get hurt.
(D) Be careful to zealously clean your anal region
after pooping because the dirt can cause itching
and hemorrhoids.
(E) Be careful to scrupulously use flushable wipes
because they prevent hemorrhoids and anal
sensitiveness.
03 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
According to the text, mark the alternative
that best describes the intake of fibers in a
person’s diet and its consequence(s).
(A) The surplus of fiber in the American diet is
perhaps the major problem that leads to issues
with constipation.
(B) The shortage of fiber in the American diet is
perhaps the major problem that leads to issues
with constipation.
(C) The excess of fiber in the American diet is
perhaps the major problem that leads to issues
with hemorrhoids.
(D) All natural sources of fiber are equal in the
amount of such nutrient like a bowl of oatmeal
and a serving of broccoli.
(E) All persons have the same necessity of fiber
a day and they must drink water so that this
nutrient is better absorbed.
04 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
The text presents some tips to keep your
bowels healthy. According to them, mark the
INCORRECT alternative concerning such
tips.
(A) Getting the appropriate amount of fiber in your
diet is important for your bowels health.
(B) If you see blood after pooping never ignore it,
usually it is a minor problem that can be resolved.
(C) It is advised to drink lots of fluids when you have
diarrhea, especially liquids containing salt and
sugar.
(D) Your time in the bathroom can be used as a
relaxing moment so you’d better keep magazines
there.
(E) A person must not be too diligent when wiping
as it can cause problems like itching in their anal
region.
05 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
According to the Discourse Genre theory,
the discursive genres can be grouped into
different domains which represent certain
typological aspects. TEXT I presented above
can be considered as part of which domain
and typological aspect, respectively?
(A) Fictional literature / Narrating.
(B) Documenting Human Actions / Reporting.
(C) Discussion of social issues / Arguing.
(D) Conveying and building knowledge / Exposing
(E) Instructions and prescriptions / Describing.
06 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
A teacher using TEXT I in his or her
classroom writes on the blackboard the
following excerpts taken from the text:
Don’t
Ignore (...);
Be careful (…);
Don’t treat (…);
Get enough (…);
Avoid dehydration.
What
kind of structure does this teacher aim at
exemplifying?
(A) Affirmative and negative statements in the
Simple Present.
(B) Affirmative and negative statements in the
Simple Past.
(C) Affirmative and negative statements in the
Present Perfect.
(D) Affirmative and negative statements in the
Simple Future.
(E) Affirmative and negative statements in the
Imperative.
07 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
Observe the expression taken from TEXT I:
“When it comes to our bowels (…)”.
How can
the expression “when it comes to something”
be better explained in terms of meaning
concerning the above context?
(A) The expression means “ignoring something”,
that is, ignoring one’s bowels in this case.
(B) The expression means “looking for something”,
that is, looking for one’s bowels in this case.
(C) The expression means “neglecting to do
something”, that is, neglecting to speak about
one’s bowels in this case.
(D) The expression means “forgetting about
something”, that is, forgetting about one’s bowels
in this case.
(E) The expression means “speaking about
something”, that is, speaking about one’s bowels
in this case.
08 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
Observe the following sentence taken from
TEXT I:
“Both of these factors boost your risk
of hemorrhoids”.
Mark the option in which
the previous sentence is rewritten without
any losses in meaning.
(A) Both of these factors decrease your risk of
hemorrhoids.
(B) Both of these factors increase your risk of
hemorrhoids.
(C) Both of these factors reduce your risk of
hemorrhoids.
(D) Both of these factors halt your risk of hemorrhoids.
(E) Both of these factors lessen your risk of
hemorrhoids.
09 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
Observe the following excerpt taken from
the text:
“When it comes to our bowels —
and their movements — we may not give
them much thought”.
A teacher wanting to
highlight the usage of different pronouns in
English writes the previous sentence down.
Mark the alternative that name the pronouns
highlighted above in order of appearance.
(A) Personal Pronoun; possessive adjective;
possessive adjective; personal pronoun; object
pronoun.
(B) Personal Pronoun; possessive pronoun;
possessive pronoun; personal pronoun; object
pronoun.
(C) Object Pronoun; possessive adjective;
possessive adjective; object pronoun; personal
pronoun.
(D) Personal Pronoun; possessive pronoun;
possessive adjective; personal pronoun; subject
pronoun.
(E) Possessive Pronoun; possessive adjective;
subject adjective; object pronoun; object
pronoun.
10 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
If a teacher wants to teach the superlative
adjective rule for his or her students, which
of the following sentences present some
examples of such subject?
(A) “The good news is that both problems are usually
easy to fix” and “The more time you spend on
the toilet, the more likely you will strain for bowel
movements”.
(B) “(...) you have diarrhea more than three times a
day (…)” and “(…) the loss of water and nutrients
from the body’s tissues”.
(C) “The biggest danger with a short bout of
diarrhea is dehydration” and “The best way to
guard against dehydration is to drink liquids that
contain both salt and sugar”.
(D) “The lack of fiber in the American diet is
perhaps the major problem(…)” and “One of the
challenges is that not all natural sources are
equal(…)” .
(E) “This may sound strange” and “Dehydration can
cause serious complications if it is not treated”.
11 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
Observe the following excerpt:
“A lot of
people assume they have hemorrhoids. May
their bottoms itch and they feel extra skin
down there as they wipe.”
The pronoun they,
which appears three times on the excerpt,
refers back to
(A) “hemorrhoids”.
(B) “their bottoms”.
(C) “their itching bottoms”.
(D) “a lot of people”.
(E) “a lot of extra skin”.
12 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
Observe the following excerpt:
“Often, the
problem is, ironically, being too clean. What
happens is a circular process. Filled with
good intentions, you try to keep yourself
scrupulously clean by using flushable
wipes”.
Taking into account the parts of
speech, mark the alternative that contains
one of the grammar subjects which could
possibly be taught by using this excerpt as a
solid example.
(A) The excerpt could exemplify the way phrasal
verbs are formed out of single verbs.
(B) The excerpt could exemplify how to use tag
questions in the written language.
(C) The excerpt could exemplify the comparative
adjective rule and exceptions.
(D) The excerpt could exemplify how to form adverbs
ending in –LY out of adjectives.
(E) The excerpt could exemplify the usage of the
present continuous verb tense.
➧ TEXT II: QUESTIONS 13 to 14:
Dear Mayor Estrosi, Mayor Vivoni, Prime Minister
Manuel Valls, Former President Nicolas Sarkozy,
and other French officials who have supported
France’s burkini ban:
My name is Amara Majeed, and I am a 19-yearold Muslim Sri Lankan American. I am a student at
Brown University, studying cognitive neuroscience
and public policy.
When I look at the photo circulating of a woman
in Nice being surrounded by armed police officers as she is coerced into removing her clothing,
because French officials deemed the burkini to be inappropriate beach attire, I see infringement on a
woman’s right to choose what she puts on her body
by a group of white males. I see the scapegoating,
ostracization, and criminalization of Muslims in the
aftermath of the Nice terror attacks. I am a woman
who wears the hijab, and I see an affront to the
rights and civil liberties of women like me.
Deputy Mayor of Nice, Christian Estrosi:
You have stated that you support this ban
on “inappropriate clothing” in the wake of the Nice
terror attacks. Mayor Vivoni, you have described
the burkini ban as a necessary measure to “protect
the population.” Former French president Nicolas
Sarkozy, you have labeled the burkini as a symbol
of extremism.
Let me respond to all of you by saying this: any
conflation of the burkini with terrorism is invalid,
virulent, and discriminatory. Tell me, in what way
does our way of dress pose a threat to France’s
national security? In what way does the burkini
propagate hateful, violent ideologies? How is it that
our way of dress poses a national security threat,
yet some wetsuits, which take on strikingly similar
designs to the burkini, aren’t? While France’s
highest administrative court has now overturned
the ban, the damage has already been done — this
attack on the Muslim way of dress only serves as
fodder to the already existing rising anti-Muslim
sentiment and stigmatization of Muslims in France.
If this institutionalized Islamophobia and fearmongering is being perpetrated by French officials
and authorities, I fear how the general public’s poor
treatment of hijab-clad women may be exacerbated
in the coming weeks. We’re all well aware that
hate crimes and violence targeting Muslim women
wearing the hijab is not a new phenomenon in
France.
As one burkini-clad woman who was forced
to leave the beach states, “Because people who
have nothing to do with my religion have killed,
I no longer have the right to go to the beach.” In
the eyes of many authority figures, our religious
identity in and of itself is incriminating. Our way
of dress is incriminating. Our sheer existence is
incriminating.
Many of you have called the hijab an emblem of
oppression. In April, France’s Minister for Women’s
Rights equated women who choose to wear the hijab
with “Negroes who were in favor of slavery.” More
recently, France’s prime minister stated that the burkini is a tool of “enslavement,” and former
French President Sarkozy insinuated that hijabclad women are imprisoned.
I am genuinely tired of individuals like you
imposing your brand of colonial feminism on
us and telling us that we are oppressed, that we
have been indoctrinated, that this was not our
choice, and that we need to be unshackled. Instead
of continuing to pursue these offensive and
failing attempts at liberating us, I implore you to
liberate yourselves from this white savior complex
and recognize that we don’t need your saving. The
hijab does not oppress me. For me, the hijab is a
symbol of feminism and freedom of expression —
so who are you to invalidate my experiences, to
invalidate a fundamental, inextricable aspect of my
identity, and to label me as enslaved, as imprisoned,
as oppressed? By depriving us of our rights to
dress the way we want, by making public spaces
inaccessible to us, by publicly humiliating us and
coercing us to remove some of our clothing while
we are trying to enjoy a day at the beach — you are
oppressing us.
My news feed has been saturated with people
posting photos of a Muslim woman at a beach being
forced to strip, captioned with outrage and vitriol
towards this form of discrimination. While your
support of our rights is appreciated, I ask that you
refrain from doing a disservice to this individual by
circulating this photo. It may not seem like you are
violating a woman’s privacy and liberties by sharing
a picture revealing her arms or shoulders, but it is
incumbent upon us to understand that she did not
freely choose to show those parts of her body in
public. Even if the intent is to excoriate the burkini
ban while circulating these photos, I implore you to
not be complicit, whether directly or indirectly, in
systems of oppression that are stripping women,
literally, of their right to choose what they wear.
Yours truly,
Amara Majeed – a muslin woman
(Source: http://www.bustle.com/articles/180721-
an-open-letter-tofrench-officials-
who-support-the-burkini-ban-from-a-muslim-woman)
13 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
After Reading TEXT II carefully, what is the
purpose of such a text?
(A) Write to French officials who support the burkini
ban expressing a thankful feeling of that situation.
(B) Write to Muslin officials who do not support the
burkini ban asking their opinion on the matter.
(C) Write to Muslin officials who support the burkini
ban asking them what is their feeling of that
situation.
(D) Write to French officials who support the burkini
ban expressing a muslin woman feeling of that
situation.
(E) Write to a muslin woman who support the burkini
ban expressing the reasons for that government
measure.
14 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
What does the writer of TEXT II personally
think of the burkini ban in France?
(A) She thinks that her free will to dress up as she
wants and her freedom to express her religion
are violated by a cluster of white men.
(B) She thinks that her free will to wear a burkini
applies only in her own country and that in
France she has to dress up as white man say so.
(C) She thinks that some wetsuits which take on
similar designs to the burkini should also be
banned as beach attire.
(D) She thinks the burkini wearing propagates a
hateful and violent ideology and that’s why it’s
been banned.
(E) She thinks that her way of dress and her religion
identity are in themselves incriminating and
should be reviewed.
15 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
The burkini ban has been described as a
necessary measure to “protect the (French)
population” after certain terror attacks
occurred.
According to the text, is it really an
efficient measure to achieve that purpose?
(A) No, it is not. Because there is a conflation with
the way the way a french woman dresses up and
the terrorism itself.
(B) No, it is not. Because there is no real association
with the way a muslin woman dresses up and the
terrorism itself.
(C) No, it does not. Because the burkini imposes
a brand of colonial feminism on Muslin women
telling them they are oppressed.
(D) Yes, it is. Because some Muslim people have
killed, Muslim women no longer have the right to
go to the beach.
(E) Yes, it does. Because the burkini itself is
considered an emblem of oppression among
Muslim women.
16 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
According to the text, the France’s highest
administrative court has overturned the
burkini ban.
Mark the alternative that states
what consequences it may bring to muslin
women in the writer’s point of view.
(A) It may make Muslim women aware of hate crimes
and violence targeting their way of dress in the
future.
(B) It may stop the violence against Muslim women
and their way of dress already exacerbated in
France.
(C) It may increase the “Islamophobia” in France and
make the people in general treat muslin women
even worse.
(D) It may diminish the perpetration of an
institutionalized “Islamophobia” and fearmongering by French authorities.
(E) It may decrease the general public’s poor
treatment of Muslim women, especially of those
who wear the burkini.
17 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
The text says that
“France’s prime
minister stated that the burkini is a tool of
“enslavement,” and former French President
Sarkozy insinuated that hijab-clad women
are imprisoned”.
Mark the alternative that
better express the way the muslin woman
writing the text really feels about the burkini
issue.
(A) She feels oppressed by wearing the burkini and
wants to be liberated from using it.
(B) She feels indoctrinated by the burkini as if it was
not her choice, and in need to be freed.
(C) She feels that sharing a picture revealing her
arms or shoulders would be nice.
(D) She feels that the ban itself does not oppress her
at all, but wearing a burkini does.
(E) She feels that her way of dressing up does not
oppress her at all, but the ban itself does.
18 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
Considering the text above and its
characteristics, mark the alternative that best
describes the discursive genre it belongs to.
(A) It is a Complaint letter.
(B) It is a Business letter.
(C) It is an Invitation.
(D) It is an Open Letter.
(E) It is a postcript.
19 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
There is a reading strategy which postulates
the reader needs to understand key words
out of the context as much as possible.
Observing the excerpt taken from TEXT
II: “French officials deemed the burkini to
be inappropriate beach attire”,
mark the
alternative that describes and define the two
words underlined in the given context.
(A) The word “deem” is a verb which means to
consider, whereas the word “attire” is a noun
meaning article of clothing.
(B) The word “deem” is a verb which means to
judge, whereas the word “attire” is an adjective
meaning proper garments.
(C) The word “deem” is a noun which means labeled,
whereas the word “attire” is a noun meaning
bathing suit.
(D) The word “deem” is a verb which means to
suppose, whereas the word “attire” is an adjective
meaning horn.
(E) The word “deem” is a noun which means
condemned, whereas the word “attire” is a verb
meaning to dress up.
20 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
Text II begins with the expression “Dear”
and ends with the expression “Yours truly”.
Considering the discourse genre of the text
and its basic characteristics, the expressions
named above can be respectively described
as
(A) An expression of surprise opening the text and
the body of the text closing it.
(B) An expression of date and address in the
beginning and the writer’s identification in the
end.
(C) An expression of complimentary close in the
beginning and the heading closing it.
(D) An expression of salutation opening the text and
a closing statement ending it.
(E) A subject line opening the text and a
complimentary expression in the end of it.
21 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
Observe the following excerpt taken from
TEXT II:
“I implore you to not be complicit (…)
in systems of oppression that are stripping
women, literally, of their right to choose what
they wear”.
Considering the message the text
wants to convey, we can observe the word
“stripping” in this context has two meanings,
which are they?
(A) Stripping is a noun which means literally to
undress Muslim women completely and also
figuratively to reveal their ideology.
(B) Stripping is a verb which means literally to
remove the women’s clothes and also figuratively
to deprive them of their free will.
(C) Stripping is a verb which means literally to
oppress Muslim women completely and also
figuratively to ignore their ideology.
(D) Stripping is a noun which means literally to
damage women’s clothes and also figuratively to
rob them of their ideology.
(E) Stripping is an adjective which means literally to
tear up women’s clothes and also figuratively to
show them off.
22 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
Observe the following excerpt:
“(…) a woman
in Nice being surrounded by armed police
officers as she is coerced into removing
her clothing (…).
Mark the alternative that
describes the structure underlined both in
terms of grammar and usage.
(A) It is an example of Active Voice used when it is
necessary to move important information to the
beginning of the sentence.
(B) It is an example of Reported Speech which
describes what people say, believe, think,
consider or know and refers to a state or action
in the present.
(C) It is an example of a Conditional sentence which
shows the result of a present situation, with
possible or likely results in the future.
(D) It is an example of Present Perfect used to refer
to an event connected to the present without a
certain time definition.
(E) It is an example of Passive Voice used when the
performer of the action is general or obvious from
the context, or unimportant, or is intentionally not
named.
23 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
Observe the following statement:
“France’s
Minister for Women’s Rights equated women
who choose to wear the hijab with ‘Negroes
who were in favor of slavery’.”
Mark the
alternative that best describes the words
underlined.
(A) They are both interrogative pronouns used
to question which person does the action of
the verb, that is, the first pronoun asks about
“women” and the second about “negroes”.
(B) They are both reflexive pronouns used to refer
back to something already mentioned, that is,
the first pronoun refers to “negroes” and the
latter to “women”.
(C) They are both relative pronouns used to refer
back to a person already stated, that is, the first
pronoun refers to “woman” and the second to
“negroes”.
(D) They are both personal pronouns used to
introduce the person addressed by the sentence,
that is, the first pronoun introduces “woman” and
the second “negroes”.
(E) They are respectively a relative pronoun and an
interrogative pronoun, that is, the first pronoun
refers to “negroes” and the second asks about
“women”.
24 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
Observe the following excerpt:
“In the eyes
of many authority figures, our religious
identity in and of itself is incriminating. Our
way of dress is incriminating. Our sheer
existence is incriminating”.
Considering the
sentences above, mark the alternative that
best describes the usage of the word “sheer”
in the context above.
(A) It is an adjective used to emphasize the degree
or amount of something, in this case the word
“existence”.
(B) It is a noun meaning a particular manner or style
of doing something, in this case related to the
word “existence”.
(C) It is an interjection, that is, a short word spoken
suddenly to express an emotion related to the
word “existence”.
(D) It is a figure of speech used to create a particular
effect on the reader concerning the word to
which it is related.
(E) It is a word used as a metaphor in order to
show that the things mentioned have the same
qualities.
25 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
Considering the Communicative Approach
for the English teaching, mark the correct
alternative.
(A) The functions in the language are more
important than the grammar in order to make
communication effective.
(B) The language teaching is concentrated in the
code solely in the language structure, making
communication effective.
(C) The words are taught according to their dictionary
meaning with no regard to the context in which
they are inserted.
(D) There are artificial dialogs usually used in order
to introduce grammar topics for the purpose of
making communication effective.
(E) The written materials are never authentic and
the oral communication is out of context and
artificial.
26 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
Considering the Reading Strategies which
aim at helping the reader to better understand
a given text, mark the alternative that is false.
(A) Skimming is the strategy aiming at having a
general idea of the text.
(B) Skimming implies reading a text as fast as
possible in order to identify its main topics.
(C) Scanning is the strategy aiming at getting specific
information from the text.
(D) Scanning always implies a linear reading process
of the given text.
(E) Cognates are words which look similar in both
the foreign and the native language.
27– (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
Taking into account the presuppositions of
English Teaching as a Foreign Language
and the Discourse Genre approach, mark the
alternative which is correct.
(A) The foreign language teaching of the English
language must limit itself to the formal
reproduction of grammar rules and text decoding.
(B) The discourse genre approach does not consider
the contextual environment of a given text for the
purposes of English foreign language teaching.
(C) One of the tools for the English teacher is the
Didactic Sequence which is an array of school
activities systematically organized around a
given oral or written discursive genre.
(D) The Didactic Sequence aims only at presenting
the linguistic units which compose the given
discursive genre studied.
(E) The Didactic sequence will present a systematic
methodology for the genre, it will not propose
activities to be solved, though.
28 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
The dictionary is an important tool for an
individual learning English. However, many
students don’t make the most of using it.
Taking into account Reading Strategies,
mark the correct alternative concerning the
right use of the dictionary in a language
classroom.
(A) Dictionaries must be used to look for the meaning
of all the words in a text beforehand.
(B) Dictionaries can be used as the last resource for
key words after the reading has occurred.
(C) It is not important to look at the part of speech
when looking up for a word in the dictionary.
(D) Monolingual dictionaries cannot help when the
students need to learn the pronunciation of a
word.
(E) Compound words and past form of irregular verbs
are not indicated in any kind of dictionaries.
29 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
Taking into account the Discourse Genre
approach used as teaching tool, mark what is
correct concerning its definition.
(A) The discourse genres organize our discourse
and frame the way we write or speak in a given
contextual environment.
(B) The discourse genres are not diverse, that
is, there is a given restricted and documented
number of textual typologies.
(C) The discourse genre approach which specifies
the particular production mode of a given text is
never associated to specific formal markers.
(D) In the discourse genre recognition it is important
to observe semantic traces whereas syntactic
and phonological traces are not to be considered.
(E) The discourse genre approach only applies to
the written discourse while the spoken language
is not divided into discourse genres.
30 – (AOCP-2016-IFBA-PROFESSOR)
Taking into account the translation studies,
mark the correct alternative.
(A) Translating is possible because the meanings
are immutable and languages are essentially
static beings.
(B) Translating is an act of working with grammar
instead of working with meaning and content.
(C) Translating involves only an account of the
source language, that is to say there is one
discursive universe implied.
(D) The translation is able to reproduce the form
and style of a source language into the target
language, that is, equivalencies into languages.
(E) The translation implies not only looking at both
language structures, but also perceiving their
cultural and discursive subtleties.