PAS 1 UnB – Subprograma 2010 – 1ª Etapa – Universidade de Brasília – COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

•  UnB-PROCESSO SELETIVO-SUBPROGRAMA 2010-PROGRAMA DE AVALIAÇÃO SERIADO-1ª ETAPA-UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 09 True False Questions.

• 01 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 4 Options Each Question.

❑ TEXTO 1: This text refers to items from 1 to 7.

❑ Tradução:

Adolescence and the pursuit of popularity

A adolescência e a procura pela popularidade

1

Early adolescence (around ages 9 - 13) marks the beginning of an age of more dislike.

O início da adolescência (por volta dos 9 a 13 anos) marca o início de uma idade de maior antipatia.

• "Early adolescence" - O início da adolescência.
• "of an age" - de uma era, de uma idade.
• "of more dislike" - de mais antipatia.

2

First, there is more dislike of self as “child”, second, there is more dislike for parents and from parents, and third, there is more dislike of family.

Primeiro, há mais antipatia por si próprio enquanto “criança”, segundo, há mais antipatia pelos pais e por parte dos pais e, terceiro, há mais antipatia pela família.

• "more dislike" - mais antipatia.

3

The onset of adolescence brings a degree of alienation from self, parents, and family.

O início da adolescência traz um grau de alienação de si próprio, dos pais e da família. 

• "brings a degree" - traz um grau.
• "of alienation from self" - de alienação de si próprio.

As one young man put it; “Home is where you have to live when you’re not hanging out with your friends.”

Como disse um jovem; “Casa é onde se deve viver quando não se está em um ponto de encontro com os amigos.”

• "hanging out with" - "ficar com alguém" ou "estar em um ponto de encontro". 

It’s not that young persons and parents love each other any less, only that they frequently dislike each other more.

Não é que os jovens e os pais amem-se menos, apenas que muitas vezes já não gostam mais um do outro.

• "It’s not that" - Não é que.
• "young persons" - jovens.
• "love each other any less" - amem-se menos.
• "dislike each other more" - já não gostam mais um do outro.

4

So where can they recover lost liking? For most young people, the answer is in the company of friends who one feels like, who one likes, and who give liking in return. But finding friends, and keeping friends, and staying friends is an enormous challenge because everyone is changing just like you. Everyone is feeling more alienated from family just like you, and filled with self-doubt just like you.

5

This is why striving for social connection and place among peers becomes so desperately important, and why more social cruelty (teasing, exclusion, bullying, rumoring, ganging up) is the outgrowth of this competition, particularly during the late elementary and middle school years.

6

At this hard time, the propaganda of popularity can be pretty persuasive: “become popular and all your worries and problems about social belonging with peers will be solved and you will feel secure.” Popularity means you have a well-established social place among peers who want to be with you, with whom you have social standing, with whom you can hang out, and who can provide the accepting companionship you need.

7

So at school, group affiliation is often signified by a certain gathering space, a physical place, like a hallway or courtyard  at breaks or a table at lunch. If you have a place to hang out that means you have a gang of friends.

8

You don’t want to be unpopular because you fear your peers may ignore or avoid you because they fear being known by the company they keep. However, some of the common costs that sometimes come with being very popular are:

— Popularity brings pressure — to belong you have to conform, being like, behaving like, and believing like other members of your group.

— Popularity is precarious — people can vote you in and they can vote you out, and “elections” can be held at a moment’s notice when you accidentally offend or someone “better” comes along.

— Popularity is partly unpopular — while some people admire you, others envy you, can get jealous, and want to bring you down.

— Popularity can be limiting - the more you invest in popularity at school, the less you are likely to invest in creating a social life outside school.

9

Most important, popularity and friendship are not the same. Popularity is political; friendship is personal. Popularity is about rank; friendship is about relationship. Popularity is more casual; friendship is more caring.

10

So what is better than trying to be really popular? Consider just being content with having a few close friends you can trust, acquaintances that can be fun to be with, and having the capacity to enjoy the pleasure of your own company when you are alone.

11

Consider even taking time with family — that lifelong group that will still be with you long after most of these peers, who seem so important now, will have grown up and gone their separate ways.

• Carl Pickhardt, Internet: <www.psychologytoday.com> adapted).

❑ QUESTIONÁRIO: Using the text above as reference, answer the following items. 

1 It can be inferred from the text that belonging to a group is not synonymous with being happy.

>> CORRETO: Pode-se inferir do texto que pertencer a um grupo não é sinônimo de ser feliz.

2 According to the text, belonging to a group makes you invulnerable to all other fears.

>> ERRADO: De acordo com o texto, pertencer a um grupo o torna invulnerável a todos os outros medos.

3 It can be inferred from the text that being part of a group is the key to feeling secure.

>> ERRADO: Pode-se inferir do texto que fazer parte de um grupo é a chave para se sentir seguro.

4 According to the text, insecurity and fear may lead adolescents to exhibit antisocial and cruel behavior.

>> CORRETO: De acordo com o texto, a insegurança e o medo podem levar os adolescentes a apresentar comportamentos anti-sociais e cruéis.

5 The word “onset” (R.6) means beginning.

>> CORRETO: A palavra “onset” (R. 6) significa começo.

6 The word “This” (R.19) refers to more alienated.

>> ERRADO: A palavra “This” (R. 19) refere-se a mais alienado.

7 The word “pretty” (R.25) is the antonym of ugly.

>> ERRADO: A palavra “pretty” (R. 25) é o antónimo de feio.

❑ TEXTO 2:

(...)

The Use of Abbreviations in Text Messages

I want to do this! What’s This?

The trend of thumb-typing text messages onto a tiny cell phone screen has given rise to a whole new system of abbreviations and altered grammar. Parents, teachers, and adults in general, do not approve it. Teachers complain that students are using abbreviations in schoolwork, too. However, reality is there and many adults have come across these abbreviations without having a clue as to their meaning. To many people, the SMS-speak is intuitively simple. For others, though, learning and using the system can take some time. The following steps will help you to use and 7 understand text message abbreviations.

Step 1: Substitute single letters for words. The simplest abbreviations are the very obvious substitutions of letters for words that have the same sound as the letter’s name. You can substitute “b” for the word “be”, “c” for “see”, “n” for “in” and “y” for “why.” There are many other possible substitutions, so use your imagination to start abbreviating SMS messages.

Step 2: Use numbers instead of words or letters. Text message senders found that numbers such as 8, 4 and 2 are excellent abbreviations for words and syllables. You can use the number 4 instead of “for” and the number 2 in place of “to” or “too.” The number 8 can stand in for “ate” or as parts of words, as in “18” to mean “late.”

Step 3: Try some digital speak. A few basic abbreviations are used universally for electronic communications. “Lol” is a common abbreviation that stands for “laughing out loud.” “Brb,” or “be right back,” is another frequently used abbreviation. Check out some other general abbreviations that are used by the speakers of digital and Internet languages.

Step 4: Look up or translate what you don’t know. Fortunately, there are a number of online resources to help you fill in the blanks of what you don’t know. The SMS glossary at Environmental Studies is a good place to look up text message terms.

Internet: </www.ehow.com> (adapted).

(...)

Judge items 8 and 9 and follow directions for item 10 (type C).

8 Based on texts 1 and 2, it can be said that one of the reasons adolescents use abbreviations may be not to be considered unpopular.

9 The main idea of the text is that people should resist the temptation of using abbreviations in text messages.

👉 Questão-Item  8-Correta :

Based on texts 1 and 2, it can be said that one of the reasons adolescents use abbreviations may be not to be considered unpopular.

(Based on texts 1 and 2, it can be said that one of the reasons adolescents use abbreviations may be not to be considered unpopular.)

👉 Questão-Item  9-Errada :

The main idea of the text is that people should resist the temptation of using abbreviations in text messages.

(A ideia principal do texto é que as pessoas devem resistir à tentação de usar abreviaturas nas mensagens de texto.)

👉 Questão  10 :

The abbreviations which better express the phrase “I owe you one” in a text message, based on steps 1 and 2 in the text are:

(A) I O Y O.

(B) AY OH Y 1.

(C) I O U 1.

(D) IE OH U O.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO: