QUADRIX – 2018 – SEDF – PROFESSOR – LÍNGUA INGLESA – CONCURSO PÚBLICO – SECRETARIA DE ESTADO DO DISTRITO FEDERAL – PROVA COM GABARITO.

Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: QUADRIX-2018-SEDF-  PROFESSOR.

➧ BANCA/ORGANIZADOR: INSTITUTO QUADRIX - https://www.quadrix.org.br/

➧ GABARITO:

01-C, 02-E, 03-C, 04-E, 05-C

06-C, 07-E, 08-E, 09-C, 10-E

11-C, 12-E, 13-C, 14-E, 15-C

16-C, 17-E, 18-E, 19-C, 20-E

➧ PROVA:

➧ TEXT I: Text for the items from 01 to 12.

An ugly habit

Smoking is one of the most common and deadliest habits in the world. Recent studies show that even though fewer people smoke today than in the past, one in every four adults still smokes. Besides, there are parts of the world where addiction to this well‐documented health hazard is increasing. More often than not, people who become regular smokers started when they were young. Despite knowing that smoking is harmful, most smokers have a hard time explaining why they started, and why they continue. Actually, many know someone who has died from a smoking‐related illness, yet they continue lighting up when they go out for a drink, take a break from work, or hear alarming news. Some smokers even light up when they learn about the dangers of smoking because they become worried.  Apart from the obvious health risks, for a growing number of people smoking is an ugly, unpleasant habit and they would rather avoid a room filled with smelly smoke.

Internet: <www.englishrevealed.co.uk> (adapted)

Based on the text, judge the following items.

01 No other habit in the world is as lethal as smoking.

02 The word though can be used instead of “even though”  (line 2) without affecting the meaning of the sentence.

 

03 The use of the hyphen in “well‐documented” (line 5) is  optional.

04 Furthermore  is a correct  alternative for “Besides”   (line 4).

05 “fewer”, in “fewer  people”(line  3), can be adequately  substituted by less.

06 “More often than not” (line 7) means usually.

07 In paragraph 2, using Despite the fact that they know  instead of  “Despite  knowing” (line  8) will alter the  meaning of the sentence. 

08 At the present time expresses the same idea as  “Actually” (line 11). 

09 Nowadays, among adults, people who do not smoke  outnumber those who do. 

10 The “th” in “health” (line 16) and “rather” (line 18) is  pronounced in the same way.

11 “would rather”, in “they would rather avoid” (line 18),  expresses necessity. 

12 According to the  text, knowing that smoking poses  a  threat to human health does not seem to work as a deterrent to many smokers.

ITEM 01:

➧ No other habit in the world is as lethal as smoking.

(Nenhum outro hábito no mundo é tão letal quanto fumar.)

➧ ITEM ERRADO porque existem outros hábitos que são tão letais TAMBÉM quanto fumar, conforme o trecho:

• Smoking is one of the most common and deadliest habits in the world.
• Fumar é um dos hábitos mais comuns e mortais do mundo.

➧ BIZU FEROZ (1):

ITEM 02:

➧ The word though can be used instead of “even though”  (line 2) without affecting the meaning of the sentence.

(A palavra THOUGH pode ser usada em vez de EVEN THOUGH sem afetar o significado da frase.)

➧ ITEM CORRETO porque para dar ênfase, usamos EVEN com a conjunção THOUGH, formando a locução conectiva enfática EVEN THOUGH, conforme o Cambridge Dictionary.

➧ BIZU FEROZ (1): (EVEN) THOUGH = ALTHOUGH, WHILE, ALBEIT.

➧ BIZU FEROZ (2): EVEN THOUGH, THOUGH, ALTHOUGH, WHILE e ALBEIT, são CONJUNÇÕES usadas para adicionar uma declaração que equilibra ou reduz o efeito do que você acabou de dizer:

➧ No texto:

• Recent studies show that even though fewer people smoke today than in the past, one in every four adults still smokes.
• Estudos recentes mostram que, EMBORA menos pessoas fumem hoje do que no passado, um em cada quatro adultos ainda fuma.

ITEM 03:

➧ The use of the hyphen in “well‐documented” (line 5) is  optional.

(O uso do hífen em “well‐documented” é opcional.)

➧ ITEM ERRADO porque ADJETIVO COMPOSTO (well‐documented) É SEMPRE HIFENIZADO, ou seja, deve ser unido por hífen.

➧ No texto:

• Besides, there are parts of the world where addiction to this well‐documented health hazard is increasing.
• Além disso, há partes do mundo onde a dependência desse perigo à saúde bem documentado está aumentando.

➧ Noun Phrase:  this well‐documented health hazard

➧ WELL-DOCUMENTED funciona como adjetivo composto qualificando o substantivo HAZARD e portanto tem que ser hifenizado.

ITEM 04:

Furthermore  is  a  correct  alternative  for  “Besides”   (line 4).

- ANSWER (C)

- The adverb BESIDES means ‘in addition to it(além disso).

- The adverb BESIDES used for making an extra comment that adds to what you have just said.

- In this case, BESIDES can be adequately substituted by MOREOVER, FURTHERMORE.

ITEM 05:

“fewer”, in “fewer people”(line  3), can be adequately  substituted by less.

- ANSWER (E)

- FEWER and LESS, these English words have the same meaning: they both mean “minus”(menos).

- The basic rule is to use "less" with uncountable nouns and "fewer" with countable nouns:

- less money, less sugar, less trouble, less rain, less traffic, less milk, 

- fewer cars, fewer people, fewer problems, fewer complaints, fewer students, fewer birds, fewer days.

- PEOPLE is a plural word. Therefore it should be used with FEWER and not with LESS.

ITEM 06:

“More often than not” (line 7) means usually.

- ANSWER (C)

- More often than not = Mais frequentes do que não.

- usually = frequentemente.

ITEM 07:

In paragraph 2, using Despite the fact that they know  instead of “Despite knowing”(line 8)  will alter  the  meaning of the sentence.

- ANSWER (E)

- Despite the fact that they know= Apesar de saberem

- Despite knowing =  Apesar de saber.

ITEM 08:

At the present time expresses the same idea as “Actually” (line 11).

- ANSWER (E) 

- At the present time = Atualmente.

- Actually = in reality.

ITEM 09:

Nowadays, among adults, people who do not smoke  outnumber those who do.

- ANSWER (C)

- Hoje em dia, entre os adultos, as pessoas que não fumam superam as que fumam.

ITEM 10:

The “th” in “health”(line 16) and “rather”(line 18) is  pronounced in the same way.

- ANSWER (E)

- health [RRéuf]

- rather [Rádô]

ITEM 11:

“would rather”, in “they would rather avoid” (line 18),  expresses necessity.

- ANSWER (E)

- “would rather”, in “they would rather avoid” (line 18),  expresses necessity.

- WOULD RATHER expresses preference.

- WOULD RATHER used to show that you prefer to have or do one thing more than another.(CAMBRIDGE DICTIONARY):

- I'd rather have a beer.(Prefiro uma cerveja.)

- Which would you rather do - go swimming or play tennis?(O que você prefere fazer - nadar ou jogar tênis?)

- Wouldn't you rather finish it tomorrow?(Você não prefere terminar amanhã?)

ITEM 12:

According to the text, knowing that smoking poses a  threat to human health does not seem to work as a  deterrent to many smokers.

- ANSWER (C)

- De acordo com o texto, saber que fumar representa uma ameaça à saúde humana não parece ter um efeito dissuasor para muitos fumantes.

➧ TEXT II: Text for the items from 13 to 20.

Happiness is a state of mind

Research undertaken into the pursuit of happiness has produced some interesting ideas.

One of them is the hypothesis  that  happiness resembles a skill and can therefore be learned. Meditation seems to be a key factor and this can be scientifically demonstrated. MRI scans were performed  on  people who meditated regularly did show raised levels of positivity in the left‐hand side of their brains, the part usually connected with happiness.

This is a promising finding, but does it mean that only specialist meditators can be happy? Apparently not, as even people  who  only  meditated  occasionally  demonstrated greater positivity.

Internet: <engexam.info> (adapted)

Based on the text, judge the following items.

13 People  willing  to  learn  meditation  had  their  brains  scanned.

14 The  “ed”  ending  in  “produced”  (line  2)  is  pronounced  differently from the “ed” ending in “performed” (line 6).

15 The relative pronoun “who”, in “people who meditated”  (lines 6 and 7), cannot be adequately replaced by that.

16 “did”, in “did show” (line 7), is used to add emphasis to  what the verb “show” is referring to in the sentence.

17 The letter “s” in “this” (line 5) is pronounced “z”.

18 When  the  author  says:  “This  is  a  promising  finding”   (line 10),  he  is  referring  to  MRI  brain  scanning  technology.

19 since is a correct alternative for “as”, in “as even people”  (lines 11 and 12).

20 The final “s” in “ideas” (line  2) and “brains” (line 8)  is  pronounced in the same way.

➧ TEXT III: Text for the items from 21 to 40.

Stress

Stress is often called a 21st century illness, but it has always been with us.

These days we regard stress as a necessary evil of modern living. Yet stress is not altogether negative, and without it we would not enjoy some of the highpoints in life such as the anticipation before a date or the tension leading up to an important match. As a matter of fact, all these situations produce stress but if you manage to control it, you will feel stimulated. However, unlike these situations, which are generally positive and easier to deal with, sitting in a train that is running late, being stuck in a traffic jam or working to a tight deadline are much harder to control, and are therefore very likely to trigger off a significant amount of stress.  .

Internet: <www.flo‐joe.co.uk> (adapted).

Based on the text, judge the following items.

21 The singular form of “These” (line 3) is either This or That.

22 A synonymous word for “altogether” (line 4) is entirely. 

23 The word However is a correct alternative for “Yet”, in  “Yet stress is” (line 4). 

24 “if  you  manage  to  control  it,  you  will  feel  stimulated”  (lines 8 and 9) means the same thing as: unless you  manage to control it, you won’t feel satisfied.

25 In line 1, it is equally  correct  to  say  “Stress  is”  or  The  stress is.

26 The use of provided in place of “if”, in “if you manage”  (line  8)  would  alter  the  conditional  meaning  of  this  sentence.

27 According to the text, the occurrence of stress does not  always mean despair or preoccupation.

28 The  transition  word  however  only  expresses  contrast  when it is used right at the beginning of a sentence, as in  line 9: “However, unlike these situations”.

29 In the relative clause “which are generally positive and  easier to deal with” (lines 9 and 10), the use of that  instead of “which” is grammatically correct.

30 The adverb  Actually  cannot be used instead of “As a  matter of fact” (line 7).

31 The word “likely” (line 13) expresses probability.

32 Using a lot instead of “much”, in “much harder” (line 12),  will not affect the meaning of the sentence in any way.