segunda-feira, 28 de outubro de 2019

PUC-SP-2017-Vestibular INVERNO da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de SP - Prof° Valdenor Sousa - Prova de INGLÊS com gabarito.

Welcome back to another post!

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A pauta aqui é PROVA DE INGLÊS NOS VESTIBULARES DE UNIVERSIDADES PARTICULARES.
NESTE POST: PROVA de INGLÊS da PUC-SP-2017.
BANCA/ORGANIZADOR:
➧ Pontifícia Universidade Católica de SP.
LEITURA de textos de jornais digitais, revistas, websites, é um excelente treino para a prova.
PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA:
➧ 10 questões do tipo múltipla escolha(A,B,C,D).
➧ Textos.
➧ Cartoon.

➧Agora vamos à PROVA!
Leia o texto abaixo e responda as questões 37 e 38

A New Zealand pizza chain aims to become the world's first company to offer a commercial drone delivery service, a milestone in the once unthinkable quest to save time and money with an air-borne supply chain dispensing with people. Domino’s Pizza Enterprises Ltd conducted a demonstration pizza delivery by drone in the New Zealand city of Auckland on Thursday, and afterwards said it aimed to be the first company to launch a regular drone service, late this year, despite the fact that Domino’s Chief Executive Officer Don Meij had said in a statement “We’ve always said that it doesn’t make sense to have a 2-tonne machine delivering a 2-kilogram order.”

Even though Domino’s Pizza used in its test drones provided by U.S.- headquarted Australian drone company Flirtey, Philip Solaris, director of a New Zealand based drone company called X-craft Enterprises, said that while New Zealand has accommodating regulations on drones, Domino’s would be held back by a rule requiring drones to be kept in sight at all times, and added “I can't truly see how commercially viable that idea is because you would have to literally have somebody walking along to keep it in the line of sight, watching it at all times.” Other than that, he warned that “Domino’s service would still need to overcome random hazards (like) power lines, moving vehicles, children in the backyard playing”.
http://www.reuters.com/article/us-newzealand-drones-foodidUSKCN1100H0. Acessado 12/01/2017. Adaptado para fins educacionais
👉 Questão  37 :
Assinale a alternativa cuja informação NÃO se encontra no texto.
a) O teste executado pela Domino’s diverge do pen sa - mento externado pelo seu CEO com relação ao uso de drones.
b) Segundo Sollaris, a Domino’s não teria como preen - cher os requisitos legais para o uso de drones para entregas.
c) As duas companhias de drones mencionadas no texto têm suas matrizes no mesmo país.
d) Serviços de entrega por meio de drones precisariam levar em conta diversos aspectos além da legislação.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
Resolução Lê-se no texto: “Even though Domino’s Pizza used in its test drones provided by U.S.- headquarted Australian drone company Flirtey, Philip Solaris, director of a New Zealand based drone company called X-craft Enterprises,....”
👉 Questão  38 :
No texto, o grupo de palavras “a rule requiring drones to be kept in sight at all times”, no segundo parágrafo, seria melhor representado em português pelas palavras:
a) ... uma regra que requer que drones sejam vigiados o tempo todo.
b) ... há uma regra que regulamenta o uso de drones a qualquer hora.
c) ... uma regra que requer que todos os movimentos dos drones sejam vigiados.
d) ... requerendo-se drones, eles devem estar sob vigilância o tempo todo.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
a) ... uma regra que requer que drones sejam vigiados o tempo todo.
b) ... há uma regra que regulamenta o uso de drones a qualquer hora.
c) ... uma regra que requer que todos os movimentos dos drones sejam vigiados.
d) ... requerendo-se drones, eles devem estar sob vigilância o tempo todo.
👉 Questão  39 :
If your Harvey Probber chair wobbles, straighten your floor.
https://bestcopyads.wordpress.com/ page/21/?blogsub=confirming Acessado em 10/05/2017.?
A afirmação feita sobre a cadeira do anúncio permite inferir que:
a) a maior parte dos pisos hoje em dia apresenta algum tipo de desnível.
b) cadeiras Harvey Probber podem ser ajustadas aos desníveis do chão.
c) se a cadeira está bamba, ela não é uma Harvey Probber.
d) cadeiras Harvey Probber são anatômicas e perfeitas.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
a) a maior parte dos pisos hoje em dia apresenta algum tipo de desnível.
b) cadeiras Harvey Probber podem ser ajustadas aos desníveis do chão.
c) se a cadeira está bamba, ela não é uma Harvey Probber.
d) cadeiras Harvey Probber são anatômicas e perfeitas.
➦IDEIA CONTEXTAL: Se sua cadeira Harvey Probber balançar,endireite o assoalho.
👉 Questão  40 :
As sentenças abaixo apresentam notícias e as fotos as ilustram. Escolha a alternativa que apresenta a relação correta entre as notícias e as fotos.
1. The newly renovated bathrooms at Bryant Park, which The Times has described as the “Tiffany’s of public restrooms,” reopened last month after a $280,000 makeover.
2. The internal investigator at Rikers Island was placed on modified duty in response to accusations that he had spied on city investigators.
3. A witness gives an account of what happened when a homeless man fell onto the subway tracks.
4. The water crises on Long Island has resulted in “dead rivers, closed beaches, harmful algal blooms.”
a) 1A 2B 3C 4D
b) 3A 2B 4C 1D
c) 1C 2D 3B 4A
d) 1D 2C 3A 4B
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦A relação correta entre as notícias e as fotos encontrase na alternativa B.
👉 Questão  41 :
Sarah’s Corner Café in Stroudsburg, PennsyIvania has started offering families 10 percent off their check if they can put their phones in a basket and refrain from looking at them.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/ushome/ index.html - Acessado em 24/03/2017.
The headline that better suits the text and the photo above is:
a) 10% discount for families not checking phones through dinner.
b) mobile phone use while driving now banned.
c) 10% discount on mobile phones and free meal.
d) don’t miss the deal: 10% discount on mobile phones.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
O título que melhor se adapta ao texto e à foto acima é: 10 por cento de desconto para as famílias que não checarem seus telefones durante o jantar. 
👉 Questão  42 :
Free Cone Day 2017, create some buzz
https://www.haagendazs.us/freeconeday_buzz/ https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/nationnow/2017/05/09/haagen-dazs-free-coneday/ 313979001/ - Acessado em 9/5/2017. Adaptado para fins educacionais.
This year, Hagen-Dazz® is dedicating Free Cone Day to some of our hardest workers – the honey bees. So, this May 9th, we won’t just be giving away free ice cream, we’ll be giving our flying friends some much needed recognition – and we’re inviting our fans to join us.
In exchange for the free treat, Hagen-Dazz® hopes “guests will pay it forward by planting wildflowers native to their region to help keep bees buzzing,” the company said in a news release.

Relacionando-se figura e texto escrito, percebe-se que o objetivo da promoção da Hagen-Dazz® este ano é
a) mais uma vez homenagear funcionários que se destacaram durante o ano.
b) incrementar o plantio de flores silvestres que atraiam abelhas.
c) atrair consumidores que sugiram novos sabores de sorvete.
d) trocar cones de sorvete por mudas de plantas.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
a) mais uma vez homenagear funcionários que se destacaram durante o ano.
b) incrementar o plantio de flores silvestres que atraiam abelhas.
c) atrair consumidores que sugiram novos sabores de sorvete.
d) trocar cones de sorvete por mudas de plantas.
➦IDEIA CONTEXTUAL:
"[...] In exchange for the free treat, Hagen-Dazz® hopes “guests will pay it forward by planting wildflowers native to their region to help keep bees buzzing,” the company said in a news release”. 
👉 Questão  43 :
Russia covered up a nuclear disaster in Kazakhstan in the 1950s that was FOUR TIMES worse than Chernobyl reveals secret report
Fallout from a Soviet nuclear weapons test at Semipalatinsk in August 1956 resulted in more than 600 people in a town over 100 miles (175 km) away ending up in hospital with radiation sickness. The secret report (bottom left) was recently found at the test facility, where the first Soviet nuclear test was conducted on August 29, 1949 (top right). Between 1949 and 1989 some 456 nuclear tests were carried out, and children in the region are still being born with birth defects to this day (bottom right).
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-4346408/Russiacovered-nuclear-disaster-worse-Chernobyl.html Acessado em 14/03/2017 – Adaptado para fins educacionais.
As informações contidas na notícia permitem afirmar que:
a) Há evidências de que um relatório a respeito do fato foi escondido do público e da imprensa pelos próprios diretores da usina.
b) Há imagens fotográficas que documentam o antes e o depois do acidente.
c) Cerca de 456 testes nucleares antecederam aquele em que o desastre nuclear aconteceu.
d) O acidente ao qual o texto se refere, embora jamais tenha sido mencionado, foi muito pior do que o de Chernobil.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
a) Há evidências de que um relatório a respeito do fato foi escondido do público e da imprensa pelos próprios diretores da usina.
b) Há imagens fotográficas que documentam o antes e o depois do acidente.
c) Cerca de 456 testes nucleares antecederam aquele em que o desastre nuclear aconteceu.
d) O acidente ao qual o texto se refere, embora jamais tenha sido mencionado, foi muito pior do que o de Chernobil.
➦IDEIA CONTEXTUAL: Rússia ocultou um desastre nuclear no Casaquistão na década de 50, QUATRO VEZES pior que Chernobil, revela um relatório secreto.
👉 Questão  44 :
Two houses in Oakland go up for sale for just $1 for the pair
Two Bay Area houses on the market for $1 might sound like a cruel joke for many living in the area, which faces some of the highest housing rates in the nation – but it’s no hoax. It is true that two turn-of-the-century homes in Oakland, California, have been listed for just $1, but there’s a catch: The houses are available for such a low price because the land they sit on isn’t included. The houses have to be removed from the property by April 30 to make way for a new 127-unit apartment complex. Anyone who buys the homes will have to pay the costly price of transporting the homes from their current location to another plot of land, that he or she would have to find and purchase separately.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4345762 - Acessado em 24/03/2017.
De acordo com o texto,
a) as duas casas, construídas no início de 1900, estão sendo vendidas por U$1,00 por precisarem de reformas estruturais de grande vulto.
b) o baixo valor das casas surpreende por estarem localizadas em área nobre de Oakland.
c) o anúncio das duas casas à venda por U$1,00 cada é uma pegadinha.
d) quem comprar as casas terá apenas até 30 de abril para ocupá-las.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
De acordo com o texto,
a) as duas casas, construídas no início de 1900, estão sendo vendidas por U$1,00 por precisarem de reformas estruturais de grande vulto.
b) o baixo valor das casas surpreende por estarem localizadas em área nobre de Oakland.
c) o anúncio das duas casas à venda por U$1,00 cada é uma pegadinha.
d) quem comprar as casas terá apenas até 30 de abril para ocupá-las.
➦IDEIA CONTEXTUAL: Duas casas em Oakland estão à venda por apenas 1 dólar as duas.
👉 Questão  45 :
Anna Karenina
By Leo Tolstoy - PART ONE - Chapter 1

Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.

Everything was in confusion in the Oblonskys’ house. The wife had discovered that the husband was carrying on an intrigue with a French girl, who had been a governess in their family, and she had announced to her husband that she could not go on living in the same house with him. This position of affairs had now lasted three days, and not only the husband and wife themselves, but all the members of their family and household, were painfully conscious of it. Every person in the house felt that there was no sense in their living together, and that the stray people brought together by chance in any inn had more in common with one another than they, the members of the family and household of the Oblonskys. The wife did not leave her own room, the husband had not been at home for three days. The children ran wild all over the house; the English governess quarreled with the housekeeper, and wrote to a friend asking her to look out for a new situation for her; the man-cook had walked off the day before just at dinner time; the kitchen-maid, and the coachman had given warning.
1994, Ramdom House, Inc.
A situação descrita neste trecho do romance
a) discute as questões morais resultantes do com por ta - men to da governanta.
b) introduz as características básicas de alguns dos personagens principais do romance.
c) descreve as atividades rotineiras das crianças da família Oblonsky.
d) apresenta o caos familiar que se instala após uma revelação de adultério.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
A situação descrita neste trecho do romance
a) discute as questões morais resultantes do com por ta - men to da governanta.
b) introduz as características básicas de alguns dos personagens principais do romance.
c) descreve as atividades rotineiras das crianças da família Oblonsky.
d) apresenta o caos familiar que se instala após uma revelação de adultério.
➦IDEIA CONTEXTUAL:
"[...] Everything was in confusion in the Oblonskys’ house. The wife had discovered that the husband was carrying on an intrigue with a French girl, who had been a governess in their family, and she had announced to her husband that she could not go on living in the same house with him”.

UERJ/2023 – VESTIBULAR – LÍNGUA INGLESA – UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO – PROVA COM GABARITO & TEXTO TRADUZIDO.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• UERJ-2023-VESTIBULAR.

www.vestibular.uerj.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

 7 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 4 Options Each MCQ.
 Texto – | Essential reading on, and beyond, Indigenous Peoples Day | sierraclub.org |


 TEXTO:

Essential reading on, and beyond, Indigenous Peoples Day

Formerly known as Columbus Day, today is Indigenous Peoples Day in more than 80 (and counting) cities, counties and states. While official recognition of this day began in the late ‘70s, with the UN discussing the replacement of Columbus Day, resistance and challenge to said “holiday” existed in the hearts and minds of indigenous and native peoples long before cities or states began to observe Indigenous Peoples Day.

As land defenders − people who are working for indigenous territories to be protected from contamination and exploitation − we see Indigenous Peoples Day as progress; it signals a crucial shift in our culture to recognize the dark past of colonization. No longer are our communities, towns, cities and states remaining silent and complacent in celebrating the cultural genocide that ensued after Christopher Columbus landed on Turtle Island (a.k.a. North America). Today also means that the erasure of our narrative as indigenous peoples is ending and our truths are rising to the surface. These truths include: Christopher Columbus was not a hero; he was a murderer. The land we all exist on is stolen. The history we’ve been taught is not accurate or complete. And perhaps most important among those truths, indigenous lands are still being colonized, and our people are still suffering the trauma and impacts of colonization.

Across the country, we continue to see the violation of our rights and treaties as extractive projects are proposed and constructed. Across the nation, we continue to grieve our missing and murdered indigenous women, victims of violence brought to their communities by extractive oil and mining projects. We continue to bear the brunt of climate change as our food sovereignty is threatened by dying ecosystems and as our animal relatives are becoming extinct due to land loss, warmer seasons and/or contamination. And now, we are fighting for the very right to resist as anti-protest laws emerge across the country, which aim to criminalize our people for protecting what is most sacred to us.

Yet, despite these challenges, our people and communities are demonstrating incredible bravery and innovation to bring forth healing and justice. Through the tireless work of indigenous organizers, activists, knowledge keepers and artists, we are learning about what is working and what our movements need more of to dismantle systems like white supremacy and systemic racism that colonization has imposed on our communities.

So while we could dive into the stories of how our people are still being attacked by the many forms of colonization, we find it important on this day, a day that symbolizes progress and evolution, to acknowledge what is working in our communities and in our movements. All too often, our people are framed as victims, and while there’s truth in those narratives, it’s also critical, for our self-actualization as indigenous peoples, to have our strengths, our resilience and our creativity seen and honored.
ADE BEGAY AND DALLAS GOLDTOOTH
sierraclub.org, 08/10/2018
❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO:
Essential reading on, and beyond, Indigenous Peoples Day
Leitura essencial durante e depois do Dia dos Povos Indígenas
Formerly known as Columbus Day, today is Indigenous Peoples Day in more than 80 (and counting) cities, counties and states.
Anteriormente conhecido como Dia de Colombo, hoje é o Dia dos Povos Indígenas em mais de 80 (e contando) cidades, condados e estados.

While official recognition of this day began in the late ‘70s, with the UN discussing the replacement of Columbus Day, resistance and challenge to said “holiday” existed in the hearts and minds of indigenous and native peoples long before cities or states began to observe Indigenous Peoples Day.
Embora o reconhecimento oficial deste dia tenha começado no final dos anos 70, com a ONU discutindo a substituição do Dia de Colombo, a resistência e o desafio ao dito “feriado” existiam nos corações e mentes dos povos indígenas e nativos muito antes de as cidades ou estados começarem a observar Dia dos Povos Indígenas.

As land defenders − people who are working for indigenous territories to be protected from contamination and exploitation − we see Indigenous Peoples Day as progress; it signals a crucial shift in our culture to recognize the dark past of colonization.
Como defensores da terra – pessoas que trabalham para que os territórios indígenas sejam protegidos da contaminação e da exploração – vemos o Dia dos Povos Indígenas como um progresso; assinala uma mudança crucial na nossa cultura para reconhecer o passado sombrio da colonização.

No longer are our communities, towns, cities and states remaining silent and complacent in celebrating the cultural genocide that ensued after Christopher Columbus landed on Turtle Island (a.k.a. North America).
As nossas comunidades, vilas, cidades e estados já não permanecem silenciosos e complacentes na celebração do genocídio cultural que se seguiu depois de Cristóvão Colombo ter desembarcado na Ilha da Tartaruga (também conhecida como América do Norte).

Today also means that the erasure of our narrative as indigenous peoples is ending and our truths are rising to the surface.
Hoje também significa que o apagamento da nossa narrativa como povos indígenas está a terminar e as nossas verdades estão a vir à tona.

These truths include: Christopher Columbus was not a hero; he was a murderer.
Estas verdades incluem: Cristóvão Colombo não foi um herói; ele era um assassino.

The land we all exist on is stolen.
A terra em que todos existimos foi roubada.

The history we’ve been taught is not accurate or complete. 
A história que aprendemos não é precisa ou completa.

And perhaps most important among those truths, indigenous lands are still being colonized, and our people are still suffering the trauma and impacts of colonization.
E talvez a mais importante entre essas verdades é que as terras indígenas ainda estão sendo colonizadas e nosso povo ainda sofre o trauma e os impactos da colonização.

Across the country, we continue to see the violation of our rights and treaties as extractive projects are proposed and constructed.
Em todo o país, continuamos a assistir à violação dos nossos direitos e tratados à medida que projetos extrativos são propostos e construídos. 

Across the nation, we continue to grieve our missing and murdered indigenous women, victims of violence brought to their communities by extractive oil and mining projects.
Em todo o país, continuamos a lamentar as mulheres indígenas desaparecidas e assassinadas, vítimas da violência trazida às suas comunidades por projetos de extração de petróleo e mineração.

We continue to bear the brunt of climate change as our food sovereignty is threatened by dying ecosystems and as our animal relatives are becoming extinct due to land loss, warmer seasons and/or contamination.
Continuamos a suportar o peso das alterações climáticas, à medida que a nossa soberania alimentar é ameaçada pela morte de ecossistemas e à medida que os nossos parentes animais estão a ser extintos devido à perda de terras, estações mais quentes e/ou contaminação.

And now, we are fighting for the very right to resist as anti-protest laws emerge across the country, which aim to criminalize our people for protecting what is most sacred to us.
E agora, lutamos pelo direito de resistir à medida que surgem leis antiprotestos em todo o país, que visam criminalizar o nosso povo por proteger o que é mais sagrado para nós.

Yet, despite these challenges, our people and communities are demonstrating incredible bravery and innovation to bring forth healing and justice.
No entanto, apesar destes desafios, o nosso povo e as nossas comunidades estão a demonstrar uma incrível coragem e inovação para promover a cura e a justiça.

Through the tireless work of indigenous organizers, activists, knowledge keepers and artists, we are learning about what is working and what our movements need more of to dismantle systems like white supremacy and systemic racism that colonization has imposed on our communities.
Através do trabalho incansável de organizadores, ativistas, detentores de conhecimento e artistas indígenas, estamos a aprender sobre o que está a funcionar e o que os nossos movimentos mais precisam para desmantelar sistemas como a supremacia branca e o racismo sistêmico que a colonização impôs às nossas comunidades.

So while we could dive into the stories of how our people are still being attacked by the many forms of colonization, we find it important on this day, a day that symbolizes progress and evolution, to acknowledge what is working in our communities and in our movements.
Assim, embora possamos mergulhar nas histórias de como o nosso povo ainda está a ser atacado pelas muitas formas de colonização, achamos importante neste dia, um dia que simboliza o progresso e a evolução, reconhecer o que está a funcionar nas nossas comunidades e nos nossos movimentos.

All too often, our people are framed as victims, and while there’s truth in those narratives, it’s also critical, for our self-actualization as indigenous peoples, to have our strengths, our resilience and our creativity seen and honored.
Com demasiada frequência, o nosso povo é enquadrado como vítima e, embora haja verdade nessas narrativas, também é fundamental, para a nossa autorrealização como povos indígenas, que os nossos pontos fortes, a nossa resiliência e a nossa criatividade sejam vistos e honrados.

12  (UERJ-2023-VESTIBULAR)

In this text, the authors advocate the following cause:

(A) the transformation of Columbus Day into Indigenous Peoples Day
(B) the understanding that indigenous people are victims of white supremacy
(C) the recognition of indigenous peoples’ strengths, resilience and creativity
(D) the acceptance that indigenous people’s history was not accurate or complete
 
 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL:
Neste texto, os autores defendem a seguinte causa:
(A) the transformation of Columbus Day into Indigenous Peoples Day – a transformação do Dia de Colombo em Dia dos Povos Indígenas
(B) the understanding that indigenous people are victims of white supremacy – o entendimento de que os povos indígenas são vítimas da supremacia branca
(C) the recognition of indigenous peoples’ strengths, resilience and creativity – o reconhecimento dos pontos fortes, da resiliência e da criatividade dos povos indígenas
(D) the acceptance that indigenous people’s history was not accurate or complete – a aceitação de que a história dos povos indígenas não era precisa ou completa

13  (UERJ-2023-VESTIBULAR)
In relation to the process of colonization described in the second paragraph, the text implies the following idea:

(A) it got worse
(B) it has finished
(C) it still has its impacts
(D) it stopped for a while

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - INFORMAÇÃO DO TEXTO:
Em relação ao processo de colonização descrito no segundo parágrafo, o texto implica a seguinte ideia:
(A) it got worse – piorou
(B) it has finished – terminou
(C) it still has its impacts – ainda tem seus impactos
(D) it stopped for a while – parou por um tempo

14  (UERJ-2023-VESTIBULAR)

what is most sacred to us. (l. 22-23)

Regarding the indigenous peoples, the fragment above refers to the following elements:

(A) their people, climate and nature
(B) their progress, culture and narratives
(C) the laws that guarantee their rights to protest
(D) the permits to extract their oil and develop mining projects

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:
what is most sacred to us. (o que é mais sagrado para nós.)
Em relação aos povos indígenas, o fragmento acima refere-se aos seguintes elementos:
(A) their people, climate and nature – seu povo, clima e natureza
(B) their progress, culture and narratives – seu progresso, cultura e narrativas
(C) the laws that guarantee their rights to protest – as leis que garantem seus direitos de protesto
(D) the permits to extract their oil and develop mining projects – 
as licenças para extrair seu petróleo e desenvolver projetos de mineração

15  (UERJ-2023-VESTIBULAR)

our people are still being attacked by the many forms of colonization, (l. 29-30)

The sentence above exhibits the passive voice. Another occurrence of the passive voice is underlined below:

(A) The history we’ve been taught (l. 13)
(B) our animal relatives are becoming extinct (l. 20)
(C) And now, we are fighting for the very right to resist (l. 21)
(D) that colonization has imposed on our communities. (l. 28)

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - PASSIVE VOICE:

our people are still being attacked by the many forms of colonization, (nosso povo ainda está sendo atacado pelas muitas formas de colonização,)
A frase acima exibe a voz passiva. Outra ocorrência da voz passiva está sublinhada abaixo:
(A) The history we’ve been taught (l. 13) – (PRESENT PERFECT na VOZ PASSIVA)
(B) our animal relatives are becoming extinct (l. 20) – (PRESENT PROGRESSIVE)
(C) And now, we are fighting for the very right to resist (l. 21) – (PRESENT PROGRESSIVE)
(D) that colonization has imposed on our communities. (l. 28) – (PRESENT PERFECT na VOZ ATIVA)

16  (UERJ-2023-VESTIBULAR)

to acknowledge what is working in our communities and in our movements. (l. 31)

The underlined word may be substituted, without significant change in meaning, by the one below:

(A) confess
(B) admit
(C) reject
(D) allow

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - VOCÁBULOS SINÔNIMOS:
to acknowledge what is working in our communities and in our movements. (reconhecer o que está funcionando em nossas comunidades e em nossos movimentos)
A palavra sublinhada poderá ser substituída, sem alteração significativa de significado, pela abaixo:
(A) confess – confessar
(B) admit – admitir, reconhecer, aceitar
(C) reject  – rejeitar
(D) allow – permitir
• TO ACKNOWLEDGE (verbo) = RECOGNIZE  ADMIT  ACCEPT.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/

]17  (UERJ-2023-VESTIBULAR)

and while there’s truth in those narratives, it’s also critical, (l. 32)

The linker and while in the fragment above expresses contrast. A similar meaning is conveyed in:

(A) As land defenders (l. 6)
(B) No longer are our communities, (l. 8)
(C) And perhaps most important among those thuths, (l. 13-14)
(D) Yet, despite these challenges, (l. 24)

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - LINKERS:
and while there’s truth in those narratives, it’s also critical, (e embora haja verdade nessas narrativas, ela também é crítica,)
O conector and while no fragmento acima expressa contraste. Um significado semelhante é transmitido em:.
(A) As land defenders (IDEIA DE COMPARAÇÃO) – Como defensores da terra
(B) No longer are our communities, (IDEIA DE TEMPO PASSADO) – Nossas comunidades não são mais
(C) And perhaps most important among those thuths, (IDEIA DE ADIÇÃO) – E talvez o mais importante entre essas verdades,
(D) Yet, despite these challenges, (IDEIA DE CONTRASTE) – No entanto, apesar desses desafios,

18  (UERJ-2023-VESTIBULAR)

In the text, the pronoun we is used to refer exclusively to the following group:

(A) white supremacists
(B) land defenders
(C) the government
(D) all Americans

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - REFERÊNCIA PRONOMINAL:
• As land defenders − people who are working for indigenous territories to be protected from contamination and exploitation − we see Indigenous Peoples Day as progress; it signals a crucial shift in our culture to recognize the dark past of colonization.
• WE refere-se ao grupo "land defenders".
https://dictionary.cambridge.org

PUC/SP – 2019 – VESTIBULAR INVERNO – LÍNGUA INGLESA – PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO – PROVA COM GABARITO.

Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESAPUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR-INVERNO.

 PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA: 09 Questões do tipo (A,B,C,D).
➧ GABARITO:


01-D02-B03-C
04-A05-B06-C
07-D08-C09-A


➧ PROVA:

➧ TEXT I: Responda às questões de 01 a 09 de acordo com o texto abaixo

The drugs don't work: what happens after antibiotics?
Antibiotic resistance is growing so fast that routine surgery could soon become impossible. But scientists are fighting back in the battle against infection


You essentially trick the bacteria’: Kim Lewis, one of two researchers who discovered teixobactin. Photograph: Adam Glanzman

1- The first antibiotic that didn’t work for Debbi Forsythe was trimethoprim. In March 2016, Forsythe, a genial primary care counsellor from Morpeth, Northumberland, contracted a urinary tract infection. UTIs are common: more than 150 million people worldwide contract one every year. So when Forsythe saw her GP, they prescribed the usual treatment: a three-day course of antibiotics. When, a few weeks later, she fainted and started passing blood, she saw her GP again, who again prescribed trimethoprim.

2- Three days after that, Forsythe’s husband Pete came home to find his wife lying on the sofa, shaking, unable to call for help. He rushed her to A&E. She was put on a second antibiotic, gentamicin, and treated for sepsis, a complication of the infection that can be fatal if not treated quickly. The gentamicin didn’t work either. Doctors sent Forsythe’s blood for testing, but such tests can take days: bacteria must be grown in cultures, then tested against multiple antibiotics to find a suitable treatment. Five days after she was admitted to hospital, Forsythe was diagnosed with an infection of multi-drugresistant E coli, and given ertapenem, one of the so-called “last resort” antibiotics.

3- It worked. But damage from Forsythe’s episode has lingered and she lives in constant fear of an infection reoccurring. Six months after her collapse, she developed another UTI, resulting, again, in a hospital stay. “I’ve had to accept that I will no longer get back to where I was,” she says. “My daughter and son said they felt like they lost their mum, because I wasn’t who I used to be.” But Forsythe was fortunate. Sepsis currently kills more people in the UK than lung cancer, and the number is growing, as more of us develop infections immune to antibiotics.

4- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) – the process of bacteria (and yeasts and viruses) evolving defense mechanisms against the drugs we use to treat them – is progressing so quickly that the UN has called it a “global health emergency”. At least 2 million Americans contract drug-resistant infections every year. So-called “superbugs” spread rapidly, in part because some bacteria are able to borrow resistance genes from neighbouring species via a process called horizontal gene transfer. In 2013, researchers in China discovered E coli containing mcr-1, a gene resistant to colistin, a last-line antibiotic that, until recently, was considered too toxic for human use. Colistin-resistant infections have now been detected in at least 30 countries.

5- “In India and Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, and countries in South America, the resistance problem is already endemic,” says Colin Garner, CEO of Antibiotic Research UK. In May 2016, the UK government’s Review on Antimicrobial Resistance forecast that by 2050 antibiotic-resistant infections could kill 10 million people per year – more than all cancers combined.

6- “We have a good chance of getting to a point where for a lot of people there are no [effective] antibiotics,” Daniel Berman, leader of the Global Health team at Nesta, told me. The threat is difficult to imagine. A world without antibiotics means returning to a time without organ transplants, without hip replacements, without many now-routine surgeries. It would mean millions more women dying in childbirth; make many cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, impossible; and make even the smallest wound potentially lifethreatening. As Berman told me: “Those of us who are following this closely are actually quite scared.”

7- Bacteria are everywhere: in our bodies, in the air, in the soil, coating every surface in their sextillions. Many bacteria produce antibiotic compounds – exactly how many, we don’t know – probably as weapons in a microscopic battle for resources between different strains of bacteria that has been going on for billions of years. Because bacteria reproduce so quickly, they are able to evolve with astonishing speed. Introduce bacteria to a sufficiently weak concentration of an antibiotic and resistance can emerge within days. Penicillin resistance was first documented in 1940, a year before its first use in humans.

(A common misconception is that people can become antibioticresistant. They don’t – the bacteria do.)
Oliver Franklin-Wallis Sun 24 Mar 2019

In: https://www.theguardian.com/global/2019/mar/24/the-drugsdont-work-what-happens-after-antibiotics

01 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

According to the first paragraph, in the sentence

“When, a few weeks later, she fainted and started passing blood, she saw her GP again, who again prescribed trimethoprim”,

the fragment passing blood means

a) urinating blood.
b) spitting blood and saliva.
c) sneezing blood with nasal mucus.
d) defecating feces with blood.

02 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

Ainda no primeiro parágrafo, a sentença

“UTIs are common: more than 150 million people worldwide contract one every year”

significa que mais de 150 milhões de pessoas

a) contratam uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva todo o ano.
b) contraem uma infecção urinária todos os anos.
c) são encaminhadas para uma UTI todos os anos, devido a infecções.
d) contratam um conselheiro em cuidados básicos.

03 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

De acordo com o terceiro parágrafo:

a) Forsythe está curada do problema, tendo se livrado das infecções recorrentes.
b) seis meses mais tarde, ela voltou ao hospital para tratar de um colapso nervoso.
c) embora tivesse tido uma recorrência da infecção, felizmente ela não teve sepse.
d) seu filho e sua filha acharam que ela voltaria ao que era antes.

04 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

Assinale a alternativa que NÃO é mencionada no texto:

a) Em vinte anos, infecções resistentes a antibióticos matarão milhões de pessoas.
b) O desenvolvimento dos mecanismos de defesa das bactérias contra as drogas é muito rápido.
c) Tanto as bactérias como as pessoas podem se tornar resistentes a antibióticos.
d) Poderá chegar o dia em que cirurgias de rotina não poderão ser realizadas, por falta de antibióticos efetivos.

05 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

In the text, the initials/acronyms GP and A&E stand for, respectively

a) General Pediatrician and Activity and Emergency.
b) General Practitioner and Accident and Emergency.
c) Grand Prix and Aerobic Function and Exercises.
d) Gastroenterology Practitioner and Asylum and Exercise.

BIZU:
*GP = General Practitioner = Clínico Geral
*A&E = Accident and Emergengy = Pronto Socorro

06 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

No sexto parágrafo, outra maneira de dizer

“Those of us who are following this closely are actually quite scared”,

pode ser:

a) “Those of us who were following this closely are actually quite scared”.
b) “Those of us who followed this were actually quite scared.”
c) “Those of us who have been following this closely are actually quite scared”.
d) “Those of us who could follow this would have been actually quite scared.”

07 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

No quinto parágrafo, no trecho

“In May 2016, the UK government’s Review on Antimicrobial Resistance forecast that by 2050 antibiotic-resistant infections could kill 10 million people per year – more than all cancers combined”,

a locução could kill pode ser substituída por:

a) should kill.
b) must kill.
c) would kill.
d) might kill.

BIZU:
*COULD KILL = MIGHT KILL (Contexto de POSSIBILIDADE).

08 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

No sétimo parágrafo, na sentença

“Penicillin resistance was first documented in 1940, a year before its first use in humans”,

o pronome ITS refere-se a

a) resistance.
b) year.
c) penicillin.
d) humans.

09 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

No segundo parágrafo, os termos

help, unable, bacteria e quickly,

no contexto, são respectivamente

a) substantivo – adjetivo – substantivo – advérbio.
b) verbo – verbo – substantivo – advérbio.
c) substantivo – advérbio – substantivo – adjetivo.
d) verbo – adjetivo – substantivo – advérbio.