FGV-2019/1-EAESP-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-Fundação Getúlio Vargas & Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo - Prova com gabarito.

Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: FGV-2019/1-EAESP-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE, aplicada em 02/12/2018.

➧ BANCA/ORGANIZADOR:

➧ PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA: 15 questões do tipo (A,B,C,D,E).

➧ GABARITO:

01-D,  02-B,  03-D,  04-A,  05-C

06-B,  07-A,  08-E,  09-E,  10-B

11-E,  12-C,  13-A,  14-D,  15-C

• TEXTO 1:

Anything can be rescinded

By Isabel Hull 

The Paris Peace Pact of 1928 is a treaty few remember and which is ridiculed by many of those who do. Otherwise known as the Kellogg-Briand Pact – after its authors, the US secretary of state, Frank Kellogg, and his French counterpart, Aristide Briand – its signatories agreed specifically to ‘condemn recourse to war for the solution of international controversies, and renounce it, as an instrument of national policy in their relations with one another’. Lacking any means of enforcement, and seemingly swept aside by the Second World War only 11 years later, Kellogg-Briand has been seen as hopelessly utopian, as evanescent and dated as the Charleston (a popular dance of that period). But Oona Hathaway and Scott Shapiro, in their book The Internationalists and Their Plan to Outlaw War, argue that it was revolutionary. By outlawing war, it laid the legal foundations for a ‘New World Order’ which still prevails, but which we fail to appreciate.

The book begins with a bleak description of the ‘Old World Order’, which rested on the right of states, in the absence of a world court, to resort to war to redress grievances or solve disputes. War was a legal mechanism. Hathaway and Shapiro’s study of more than four hundred declarations of war from the late 16th century to 1939 reveals that self-defence and the enforcement of treaty, international or succession laws were the reasons cited most often by states. In addition to permitting frequent armed conflict, the lawful status of war had other consequences for international relations. Since force could be used to resolve conflicts, the system rewarded the powerful, sanctifying the principle of ‘might is right’. It also legitimated conquest, both as compensation for injury and as the outcome of a contest of force in which the weaker side lost. It permitted the threat of force (gunboat diplomacy). It protected the decision makers who waged war and the soldiers who fought it, because both were engaged in a legal activity. Killing in war wasn’t murder. And, finally, lawful war required absolute impartiality from neutrals (for example, in their trade or commerce with belligerents), since they were not parties to the dispute. Economic sanctions were therefore illegal. This state of affairs lasted into the 20th century, and Hathaway and Shapiro see the First World War as its ‘terrible culmination’. Even the League of Nations ‘did not herald’ [anunciar] its end because its covenant still permitted member states to resort to war over serious, non-judiciable disputes after a three-month cooling-off period.

Hathaway and Shapiro’s premise is that since states seemed incapable of weaning themselves off [se desacostumar de] warfare, civil society had to intervene.

Among the ‘internationalists’ who helped broker, institutionalize and interpret the Kellogg-Briand Pact, one of the most significant was Hersch Lauterpacht, the Whewell Professor of International Law at Cambridge University. In the late 1930s, he rigorously and successfully argued that the KelloggBriand Pact had overturned the basic structures of the international order. Neutrals were no longer bound [amarrados, obrigados] to impartiality, permitting policies that helped victims of aggression. And because it resulted from a criminal act, conquest was now illegal. Individual leaders could be held responsible for waging [fazer, proseguir] illegal wars (the principle behind the Nuremberg Trials). And treaties extorted by coercion were invalid. Lauterpacht’s briefs [pareceres] to the US and British governments in the 1940s helped establish these principles, making him ‘the father of the New World Order’, which since 1945 has been characterized by remarkably few inter-state wars or annexations.

Hathaway and Shapiro’s point, then, is that ‘for all its problems, the New World Order is better than the Old.’

Adapted from the London Review of Books, 26 April 2018.

01 – (FGV-2019/1-EAESP-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

Considering the information in the article, you can understand that the Paris Peace Pact of 1928 (also known as the Kellogg-Briand Pact) most likely was 

(A) a private, non-governmental agreement elaborated by two important diplomats, one American and the other French.
(B) originally set up to involve only the United States and the nations of Europe.
(C) the first serious attempt to discourage countries from going to war.
(D) focused on international armed conflicts rather than on exclusively domestic violence confined within a country’s own borders.
(E) based on the assumption that war, by its nature, could never successfully resolve international disputes.

02 – (FGV-2019/1-EAESP-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The information in the article most supports which of the following?

 
(A) In the end, the Paris Peace Pact must be considered a wellintentioned but ineffectual attempt to end war.
(B) Despite its historical significance, the Paris Peace Pact has in general failed to receive the recognition it deserves.
(C) It was only because of the devastation of the Second World War that the international community began to take the Paris Peace Pact seriously.
(D) If the Paris Peace Pact had been more widely accepted, the Second World War would never have taken place.
(E) The international community in general rejected the Paris Peace Pact not because it was too idealistic but because it was too revolutionary.

03 – (FGV-2019/1-EAESP-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

According to the information in the article, which of the following was most likely an aspect of the “Old World Order”?

 
(A) In war, the larger state inevitably conquered the smaller state.
(B) States found it easier to resolve their disputes through war than through diplomacy.
(C) Before 1939, empires rarely admitted that they went to war only to expand their territory.
(D) War was a continuation of politics by other means.

(E) Leaders of countries that had declared war were often executed as murderers.

04 – (FGV-2019/1-EAESP-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

In

The Internationalists and Their Plan to Outlaw War, authors Oona Hathaway and Scott Shapiro

most likely

(A) shed light on a little-known agreement that, despite many expectations to the contrary, has made the modern world in many ways more peaceful.
(B) attempt to prove that, in the Old World Order, illegal wars were inevitably more destructive than legal wars.
(C) committed a serious error by failing to present a detailed study of declarations of war issued after 1939.
(D) believe that, in elaborating the Paris Peace Pact, Kellogg and Briand had the audacity to assume a responsibility that in fact they had no legal right to assume.
(E) contend that if the Paris Peace Pact had been less revolutionary it would never have been so successful.

05 – (FGV-2019/1-EAESP-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

In paragraph 2, the phrase

“…lawful war required absolute impartiality from neutrals…”

would most likely refer to which of the following? 

(A) In the Old World Order’s view of lawful war, if one state was not an ally of another state, then it was an enemy.
(B) In the Old World Order, to avoid being drawn into a war a neutral state had to cut off relations with the two belligerent states.
(C) In the Old World Order, a state that wanted nothing to do with a war could not even make charitable gestures towards war victims on either one side or the other. 
(D) In the Old World Order, each state had to find its own definition of what constituted neutrality in a lawful war.
(E) In the Old World Order, the way a neutral state could act during a war was determined by whether that conflict had been judged lawful or unlawful.

06 – (FGV-2019/1-EAESP-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

According to the information in the article,

the Paris Peace Pact

(A) owes its survival to the efforts of key officials in several governments.

(B) was initiated by government officials, but owes much of its success to non-governmental advocates.

(C) made diplomacy more prestigious by making war less prestigious.

(D) would not have been implemented so quickly and successfully worldwide if the two world wars had been less destructive.

(E) was the last and most successful initiative to discourage violent solutions to international problems.

07 – (FGV-2019/1-EAESP-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

With respect to Hersch Lauterpacht, which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?

(A) It would be fair to state that, because of his efforts, the world before him and the world after him were different worlds in at least one important way.

(B) By working together with Kellogg and Briand, he made essential contributions to the creation of the Paris Peace Pact.
(C) He made an inestimable contribution to world peace by prosecuting Nazi war criminals at the Nuremberg Trials.
(D) He was the first international figure to recognize the revolutionary nature of the Paris Peace Pact.
(E) Because of his efforts, leaders of most militaristic states began describing their armed aggression as wars of defense rather than wars of territorial expansion.

08 – (FGV-2019/1-EAESP-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

As supported by the information in the article, which of the following is probably more common in the New World Order than in the Old World Order?

(A) National leaders who avoid disastrous wars out of fear of popular insurrections.
(B) States that sign disadvantageous treaties with other states.
(C) States that use force to make weaker states open their internal markets to foreign trade.
(D) Unscrupulous national leaders who make secret diplomatic agreements.
(E) People who, in accordance with the laws and customs of their times, may reasonably be characterized as war criminals.

R E S P O S T A :   E

• Conforme comprovado pelas informações do artigo, qual das alternativas a seguir é provavelmente mais comum na Nova Ordem Mundial do que na Velha?

(A) National leaders who avoid disastrous wars out of fear of popular insurrections.

• Líderes nacionais que evitam guerras desastrosas por medo de insurreições populares.
(B) States that sign disadvantageous treaties with other states.

• Estados que assinam tratados desvantajosos com outros Estados.
(C) States that use force to make weaker states open their internal markets to foreign trade.

• Estados que usam a força para fazer com que os Estados mais fracos abram seus mercados internos ao comércio exterior.
(D) Unscrupulous national leaders who make secret diplomatic agreements.

• Líderes nacionais sem escrúpulos que fazem acordos diplomáticos secretos.
(E) People who, in accordance with the laws and customs of their times, may reasonably be characterized as war criminals.

• Pessoas que, de acordo com as leis e costumes de sua época, podem ser razoavelmente caracterizadas como criminosos de guerra.

• TEXTO 2:

State-sponsored happiness

By Karen Greenspan 

1
Last November [2015], citizens of the tiny Himalayan nation of Bhutan were in a frenzy preparing for the sixtieth birth anniversary of their previous king, His Majesty the Fourth Druk Gyalpo (Dragon King) Jigme Singye Wangchuck, who had reigned from 1972–2006. This wise, benevolent, and innovative leader brought Bhutan into the modern age by implementing such public policies as free public education, free healthcare services, well-planned business development, internet connectivity, and vigorous environmental protections. In an unparalleled move, he launched the drafting of a constitution and shifted the country to democracy. He then abdicated the throne to his eldest son, King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck. According to many, the Fourth Druk Gyalpo made this move because he did not want his son to be thrust unprepared into the role of leadership as he had been at age sixteen when his father died suddenly and unexpectedly.
2
The Fourth Druk Gyalpo is probably most renowned, however, for introducing the concept of Gross National Happiness (GNH)—the government policy that measures the growth and development of the country by the happiness and contentment of its people. At the core of the policy are four priorities— equitable and sustainable development, protection of the environment, preservation and promotion of Bhutan’s unique cultural heritage, and provision of good and responsive governance.
3
In honor of the Fourth Druk Gyalpo’s birthday, the entire country observed three days of celebration from November 9-11. Because Bhutan is a Buddhist country, prayers and rituals were woven into the festivities. The Je Khenpo, spiritual leader of the country, wrote a special zhabten—a prayer for the long life of an individual composed by a senior spiritual figure whose power of speech is considered capable of turning word into reality. Other prayers and texts were to be recited across the country in fortresses, monasteries, temples, and seminaries. At Changlimithang Stadium in the capital city of Thimphu, one hundred monks rehearsed a sacred dance called Zheng Zhi Pem, which is a component of the Longevity Ritual. An elaborate ceremonial procession with military, monastic, and government officials, as well as an honor guard of one thousand army personnel, was presented three times to His Majesty.
4
Because the people of Bhutan are so happy – more than ninety-one percent of the population were scored as happy in a 2015 GNH survey – many of them wanted to participate in showing gratitude for His Majesty’s leadership. The currency [moeda] of gratitude in this land of happiness is dance. As a result, practically all of Bhutan took part in commemorating – mostly through dance – the birthday of the Fourth Druk Gyalpo. The release of thousands of colorful, biodegradable balloons and three cake-cutting ceremonies capped the celebrations.
5
What I understood, after witnessing these events in November, is that a government’s focus on the happiness of a country’s people can be a powerful transformative force, an instrument for positive social change. 

Adapted from Natural History, March 201

09 – (FGV-2019/1-EAESP-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

According to the information in the article,

in November 2015, the people of Bhutan 

(A) celebrated the 60th anniversary of the reign of Jigme Singye Wangchuk, the Fourth Druk Gyalpo.
(B) prepared for the 60th birthday festivities of the current king of Bhutan.
(C) started preparing for an important celebration that would involve the entire country in the years to come.
(D) planned several important ceremonies, including the coronation of their new king.
(E) held a three-day nationwide royal birthday celebration that included Buddhist religious elements.

10 – (FGV-2019/1-EAESP-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

With respect to the Fourth Druk Gyalpo, which of the following is least supported by the information in the article?

 
(A) He instituted a Bhutan government policy to offer free public healthcare services and free public education.
(B) He authorized the drafting of a new constitution that restored democracy to Bhutan.
(C) He modernized and improved Bhutan’s business environment.
(D) He willingly allowed his son to take over his governmental responsibilities.
(E) He became the hereditary monarch of Bhutan before he was 20 years old.

11 – (FGV-2019/1-EAESP-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

Which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?

(A) In Bhutan, 16 is the earliest age at which a person may assume the country’s throne.
(B) The Fourth Druk Gyalpo feared that his death, like the death of his father, would throw Bhutan into chaos.
C) The Fourth Druk Gyalpo put his oldest son on the country’s throne in order to avoid a dynastic conflict.

(D) In the past, the King of Bhutan was an absolute monarch; nowadays, because of recent democratic reforms, he has no real power.
(E) The Fourth Druk Gyalpo believed that he had not been ready when he became king and feared that the same thing could happen to his son.

12 – (FGV-2019/1-EAESP-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

With respect to the concept of Bhutan’s Gross National Happiness (GNH), the article most supports which of the following?

 
(A) The GNH has made all other forms of socio-economic measurement in Bhutan obsolete.
(B) Although the Fourth Druk Gyalpo did not invent the GNH, he was the world’s first national leader to make it a public policy.
(C) The GNH is based partly on the belief that no other country in the world has a culture like that of Bhutan.

(D) Since it was specially designed for Bhutan’s reality, the GNH must be extensively modified to be instituted in other countries.
(E) Since it is a fair and inclusive measurement, the GNH can be instituted without modifications in other countries.

13 – (FGV-2019/1-EAESP-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

With respect to the Je Khenpo, as mentioned in paragraph 3, the information in the article most supports which of the following?

(A) The people of Bhutan may believe that the Je Khenpo is not the only person in the country able to make something happen by praying for it.
(B) The people of Bhutan believe that the Je Khenpo is the only person in the country with the religious authority to write a zhabten.
(C) Even though the Je Khenpo is the spiritual leader of Bhutan, he does not have to belong to the country’s main religious group.
(D) The Je Khenpo was one of the greatest allies of the Fourth Druk Gyalpo when he instituted his reforms of Bhutan’s socio-economic and political structures.
(E) To celebrate the Fourth Druk Gyalpo’s birthday, the Je Khenpo wrote not only a zhabten, but also numerous other prayers and texts, all of which were recited in public spaces around the country.

14 – (FGV-2019/1-EAESP-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

In paragraph 4, the sentence

“The currency [moeda] of gratitude in this land of happiness is dance”

most likely refers to which of the following?

(A) In Bhutan, dance is considered the purest and most spontaneous expression of happiness.
(B) In Bhutan, it is considered good manners to dance with others during celebrations to express a national feeling of gratitude.
(C) In Bhutan, dance is a widespread religious as well as social activity.
(D) In Bhutan, one of the most important ways to express thanks is by dancing.
(E) The people of Bhutan believe that to be truly happy, one must show gratitude by dancing.

15 – (FGV-2019/1-EAESP-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

You can most likely understand from the information in the article that

(A) the most important reason that Bhutan is a happy, prosperous country is its strongly Buddhist orientation.
(B) before the introduction of the GNH, few Westerners were aware of Bhutan’s high standard of living.
(C) although the GNH in Bhutan is an interesting innovation by itself, to be effective it depends on four priorities.
(D) the productive, mutually affectionate relationship that unites the Fourth Druk Gyalpo and his subjects is unique and cannot be replicated in other countries.

(E) before the Fourth Druk Gyalpo assumed the throne, the socioeconomic situation in Bhutan was both primitive and chaotic.