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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: UECE-2017/2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-02/07/2017.
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➭ 20 Multiple Choice Questions / 4 Options Each Question.
➭ Text – The Zica epidemic began long before anyone noticed | Science News |
❑ GABARITO:
❑ PROVA:
Researchers used genetic
information from Zika virus to follow its
spread among affected regions in South
and Central America and the Caribbean.
The Zika virus probably arrived in
the Western Hemisphere from
somewhere in the Pacific more than a
year before it was detected, a new
genetic analysis of the epidemic shows.
Researchers also found that as Zika
fanned outward from Brazil, it entered
neighboring countries and South Florida
multiple times without being noticed.
Although Zika quietly took root in
northeastern Brazil in late 2013 or early
2014, many months passed before
Brazilian health authorities received
reports of unexplained fever and skin
rashes. Zika was finally confirmed as the
culprit in April 2015.
The World Health Organization did
not declare the epidemic a public health
emergency until February 2016, after
babies of Zika-infected mothers began to
be born with severe neurological
problems. Zika, which is carried by
mosquitoes, infected an estimated 1
million people in Brazil alone in 2015, and
is now thought to be transmitted in 84
countries worldwide.
Although Zika’s path was
documented starting in 2015 through
records of human cases, less was known
about how the virus spread so silently
before detection, or how outbreaks in
different parts of Central and South
America were connected. Now two groups
working independently, reporting online
May 24 in Nature, have compared
samples from different times and
locations to read the history recorded in
random mutations of the virus’s 10
genes.
One team, led by scientists in the
United Kingdom and Brazil, drove more
than 1,200 miles across Brazil — “a Top
Gear–style road trip,” one scientist
quipped — with a portable device that
could produce a complete catalog of the
virus’s genes in less than a day. A second
team, led by researchers at the Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, analyzed
more than 100 Zika genomes from
infected patients and mosquitoes in nine
countries and Puerto Rico. Based on
where the cases originated, and the
estimated rate at which genetic changes
appear, the scientists re-created Zika’s
evolutionary timeline. Together, the
studies revealed an epidemic that was silently churning long before anyone
knew. “We found that in each of the
regions we could analyze, Zika virus
circulated undetected for many months,
up to a year or longer, before the first
locally transmitted cases were reported,”
says Bronwyn MacInnis, an infectious
disease geneticist at the Broad Institute,
in Cambridge, Mass. “This means the
outbreak in these regions was under way
much earlier than previously thought.”
Although the epidemic exploded out
of Brazil, the scientists also found a
remote possibility of early settlement in
the Caribbean. “It’s not immediately clear
whether Zika stopped off somewhere else
in the Americas before it got to northeast
Brazil,” said Oliver Pybus, who studies
evolution and infectious disease at the
University of Oxford in England.
In a third study reported in Nature,
researchers from 30 different institutions
followed a trail of genetic clues to
determine when and how Zika made its
way to Florida. Those researchers
concluded that Zika was introduced
multiple times into the Miami area, most
likely from the Caribbean, before local
mosquitoes picked it up. The number of
human cases increased in step with the
rise in mosquito populations, said Kristian
Andersen, an infectious disease
researcher at the Scripps Research
Institute in La Jolla, Calif. “Focusing on
getting rid of mosquitoes is an effective
way of preventing human cases,” he
says.
Previous studies have found traces
of the virus’s footprints across the
Americas, but none included so many
different samples, says Young-Min Lee of
Utah State University, who has also
studied Zika’s genes. The current studies
provide a higher-resolution look at the
timing of the epidemic’s spread, he says,
but in terms of Zika’s origins and
progression from country to country,
“overall the big picture is consistent with
what we suspected.”
In addition to revealing Zika’s
history, genetic studies are also valuable
in fighting current and future disease
outbreaks. Since diagnostic tests and
even vaccine development are based on
Zika’s genetics, it’s important to monitor
mutations during an outbreak.
Researchers developed quick-turnaround
genomic analyses for Ebola in recent
years, for example, that could aid a
faster response during the next
outbreak.
In the future, faster analysis of viral
threats in the field might improve the
odds of stopping the next epidemic, Lee
says. It’s possible for a single infected traveler stepping off a plane to spark an
epidemic long before doctors notice. “If
one introduction [of a virus] can cause an
outbreak, you have a very narrow
window to try to contain it.”
Science News,
Magazine of the Society for Science & the Public. The Zica
epidemic began long before anyone noticed.
Vol.191, No.12, May 24, 2017, p. 12.
01 – (UECE-2016/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
According to the text, the Zika virus
A) was first detected in poor areas of Puerto Rico.
B) is the main cause of allergies in many countries.
C) no longer causes severe brain problems.
D) got to the Western Hemisphere long before
being detected.
02 – (UECE-2016/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
As to unexplained fever and skin rashes in the
Brazilian northeast
A) it took a long time to blame the Zika virus.
B) only in February 2016 the Zika epidemic was
confirmed.
C) a special group of scientists is working in 84
cities.
D) more than 100 Zika genomes have been found
there.
03 – (UECE-2016/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
One of the positive achievements by a group
of scientists working to find more about Zika was
that they were able to
A) discover traces of the virus’s footprints in the
Miami area.
B) produce a very efficient diagnostic test.
C) track the virus’s evolutionary history.
D) prevent future disease outbreaks.
04 – (UECE-2016/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
A sad thing these scientific studies showed
was that the virus
A) will continue to go undetected in the Caribbean
region.
B) spread without being detected for nearly a year.
C) will get stronger in the next five years.
D) has more than ten different genes.
05 – (UECE-2016/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
A way to prevent the number of infected
people from increasing is to
A) look at the timing of the epidemic’s spread.
B) study the Zika’s origins in the Americas.
C) monitor Zika’s progression in South America.
D) eliminate the mosquito populations.
06 – (UECE-2016/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
Monitoring mutations when a Zika outbreak
occurs is relevant because
A) it can help the geneticists at the Broad
Institute.
B) the production of a vaccine is based on the
virus’s genes.
C) new viral threats will no longer occur.
D) it might improve the odds of next year’s
epidemic.
07 – (UECE-2016/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
Only after the birth of babies with severe
neurological troubles
A) the World Health Organization declared Zika a
public health emergency.
B) scientists from the United Kingdom produced a
catalog of Zika’s genes.
C) French health authorities decided to investigate
the situation.
D) a group of American researchers traveled to Rio
de Janeiro to study the case.
08 – (UECE-2016/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
In the sentences
“The Zika virus probably
arrived in the Western Hemisphere … more than a
year before it was detected” (lines 05-08)
and
“... less was known about how the virus spread…”
(lines 33-34)
the tense of the underlined verbs is
A) present perfect passive.
B) present perfect continuous.
C) past perfect.
D) simple past passive.
09 – (UECE-2016/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
The statement
“The World Health Organization
did not declare the epidemic a public health
emergency until February 2016” (lines 21-23)
is an
example of
A) compound sentence.
B) adverbial clause.
C) simple sentence.
D) noun clause.
10 – (UECE-2016/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
In
“Previous studies have found traces of the
virus’s footprints across the Americas, but none
included so many different samples, says YoungMin Lee” (lines 98-101),
the three verb tenses are
respectively
A) simple present, past perfect, and simple present.
B) present perfect, simple past, and simple present.
C) simple present, present perfect, and present perfect.
D) present perfect, simple present, and simple present.
11 – (UECE-2016/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
The words “timing” (line 105), “outbreaks”
(line 35), and “infected” (line 54) are respectively
A) verb, noun, and verb.
B) noun, adjective, and adverb.
C) verb, adjective, and verb.
D) noun, noun, and adjective.
12 – (UECE-2016/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
The sentence
“Together, the studies revealed
an epidemic that was silently churning long before
anyone knew” (lines 59-62)
contains one
A) adjective clause.
B) noun clause.
C) adverbial clause.
D) infinitive phrase.
13 – (UECE-2016/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
The nouns “virus” (line 2), “genetics” (line
115), “epidemic” (line 09), and “analyses” (line 118)
are respectively
A) plural, singular, singular, and singular.
B) singular, singular, singular, and plural.
C) singular, plural, plural, and plural.
D) plural, singular, singular, and singular.
14 – (UECE-2016/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
In the statement
“Zika, which is carried by
mosquitoes, infected an estimated 1 million people
in Brazil...” (lines 26-28)
there is an example of
A) noun clause.
B) simple sentence.
C) adjective clause.
D) adverbial clause.
15 – (UECE-2016/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
The verbs “spread” (line 34), “read” (line 41),
“appear” (line 58), and “spark” (line 126) are
respectively
A) irregular, irregular, regular, and regular.
B) regular, regular, regular, and regular.
C) regular, irregular, regular, and irregular.
D) irregular, regular, irregular, and irregular.
16 – (UECE-2016/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
In the sentence
“Those researchers concluded
that Zika was introduced multiple times into the
Miami area, most likely from the Caribbean” (lines
85-88)
one can find a/an
A) subject noun clause.
B) restrictive adjective clause.
C) nonrestrictive adjective clause.
D) object noun clause.
17 – (UECE-2016/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
In the sentences
“Zika was finally confirmed
as the culprit in April 2015” (lines 19-20) and “The
current studies provide a higher-resolution look at
the timing of the epidemic’s spread” (lines 103-105),
the verb forms are respectively in the
A) active voice and passive voice.
B) passive voice and passive voice.
C) passive voice and active voice.
D) active voice and active voice.
18 – (UECE-2016/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
The sentence
“…many months passed before
Brazilian health authorities received reports of
unexplained fever and skin rashes” (lines 16-19)
contains a conjunction that introduces a/an
A) space clause.
B) time clause.
C) contrast clause.
D) result clause.
19 – (UECE-2016/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
The sentences
“…the scientists also found a
remote possibility of early settlement in the
Caribbean” (lines 73-75) and
“Researchers
developed quick-turnaround genomic analyses for
Ebola in recent years” (lines 117-119)
contain
respectively a/an
A) indirect object and a direct object.
B) direct object and an indirect object.
C) direct object and a direct object.
D) indirect object and an indirect object.
20 – (UECE-2016/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
The sentences
“Previous studies have found
traces of the virus’s footprints across the Americas,
but none included so many different samples” (lines
98-101) and
“Although the epidemic exploded out of
Brazil, the scientists also found a remote possibility
of early settlement in the Caribbean” (lines 72-75)
are respectively classified as
A) compound and compound.
B) complex and compound.
C) complex and complex.
D) compound and complex.
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