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➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the text.
Insomnia and Anxiety in Older People
Sleeping pills can have serious, or even deadly side effects.
All sedative-hypnotic drugs have special risks for older adults. Seniors are likely to be more sensitive to the drugs’ effects than younger adults. And these drugs may stay in their bodies longer. The drugs can cause confusion and memory problems that:
- More than double the risk of falls and hip fractures. These are common causes of hospitalization and death in older people.
- Increase the risk of car accidents.
Access August 11, 2019: http://www.choosingwisely.org/patient-resources/treating-insomnia-and-anxiety-in-older-people/
01 – (PUC-PR-2019/020-VESTIBULAR DE VERÃO-MEDICINA)
De acordo com o texto, é CORRETO afirmar que
(A) o uso de remédios para dormir leva os idosos a serem hospitalizados.
(B) o uso de remédios para dormir pode aumentar o risco de quedas em idosos.
(C) o uso de remédios para dormir dobra o risco de um idoso sofrer um acidente de carro.
(D) quedas são comuns na terceira idade e podem não estar associadas ao uso de sedativos.
(E) confusão mental não está relacionada ao uso de sedativos em idosos.
__RESPOSTA (B)__
➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the text.
What is Type 2 Diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes is a common condition that causes the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood to become too high.
It can cause symptoms like excessive thirst, needing to pee a lot and tiredness. It can also increase your risk of getting serious problems with your eyes, heart and nerves.
It's a lifelong condition that can affect your everyday life. You may need to change your diet, take medicines and have regular check-ups.
It's caused by problems with a chemical in the body (hormone) called insulin.
It's often linked to being overweight or inactive, or having a family history of type 2 diabetes.
Access August 11,2019
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/type-2-diabetes/
02 – (PUC-PR-2019/020-VESTIBULAR DE VERÃO-MEDICINA)
De acordo com o texto, é CORRETO afirmar que
(A) mudanças na dieta associadas a remédios podem curar o Diabetes Tipo 2.
(B) pacientes com Diabetes tipo 2 desenvolvem problemas no coração.
(C) diabetes Tipo 2 é uma condição permanente que pode afetar a rotina do paciente.
(D) estar acima do peso é parte do histórico familiar do paciente com Diabetes Tipo 2.
(E) problemas de visão são considerados sintomas do Diabetes Tipo 2.
__RESPOSTA (C)__
➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the text.
Treating Acne Scarring
Treatments for acne scarring are regarded as a type of cosmetic surgery, which is not usually available on the NHS. However, in the past, exceptions have been made when it's been shown that acne scarring has caused serious psychological distress.
See your GP if you're considering having cosmetic surgery. They'll be able to discuss your options with you and advise
you about the likelihood of having the procedure carried out on the NHS.
Many private clinics offer treatment for acne scarring. Prices can vary widely (from £500 to more than £10,000) depending on the type of treatment needed.
The British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons website has more information about private treatment available in your area.
It's important to have realistic expectations about what cosmetic treatment can achieve. While treatment can certainly
improve the appearance of your scars, it cannot get rid of them completely.
Access August 11, 2019: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/acne/complications/
03 – (PUC-PR-2019/020-VESTIBULAR DE VERÃO-MEDICINA)
De acordo com o texto,
(A) cirurgia cosmética é um dos benefícios disponíveis a todos no NHS.
(B) cicatrizes da acne são permanentes e o paciente precisa se conformar e buscar apoio psicológico.
(C) o clínico geral é o profissional que vai direcionar o paciente para tratamento em uma clínica particular.
(D) o tratamento cosmético da acne melhora a aparência das cicatrizes, mas não as elimina completamente.
(E) cirurgia cosmética é a melhor opção de tratamento e está disponível em clínicas particulares apenas.
__RESPOSTA (D)__
➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the text.
Bad Breath
Bad breath:
Bad breath (sometimes called halitosis) is very common. You can usually treat it yourself.
How to treat bad breath yourself:
The best way of making sure you do not have bad breath is to keep your teeth, tongue and mouth clean.
Do
Gently brush your teeth and gums at least twice a day for 2 minutes, use a fluoride toothpaste, gently clean your tongue
once a day using a tongue scraper or cleaner, clean between your teeth with interdental brushes or floss at least once a
day, get regular dental check-ups, keep dentures clean and remove them at night, use sugar-free mints or chewing gum
after having strong-smelling food and drinks and try using an antibacterial mouthwash or toothpaste.
Don't
Do not smoke, do not rinse your mouth with water straight after brushing your teeth, do not have lots of sugary foods
and drinks, do not brush so hard your gums or tongue bleed.
Causes of bad breath may include:
Eating or drinking strong-smelling or spicy foods and drinks, problems with your teeth or gums, such as gum disease,
holes in your teeth or an infection, crash dieting, some medical conditions, like tonsillitis or acid reflux and smoking.
Non-urgent advice:See a dentist if you have:
Bad breath that does not go away after treating it yourself for a few weeks, painful, bleeding or swollen gums, toothache
or wobbly adult teeth, problems with your dentures.
Page last reviewed: 10 January 2019
Access August 11, 2019:
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bad-breath/
04 – (PUC-PR-2019/020-VESTIBULAR DE VERÃO-MEDICINA)
Considerando o texto anterior, podemos afirmar CORRETAMENTE que
(A) uma forma de evitar o mau hálito é fazer uma escovação suave nas gengivas e nos dentes, pelo menos duas vezes
ao dia, usar o fio dental e higienizar a língua.
(B) o uso do fio dental deve ser feito antes e depois da escovação.
(C) a higienização da língua deve ser feita semanalmente.
(D) comidas picantes causam mau hálito e devem ser evitadas.
(E) as causas para o mau hálito estão intimamente relacionadas com o metabolismo das pessoas, embora os dentistas insistam em prescrever escovação e fio dental.
__RESPOSTA (A)__
➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Leia o texto a seguir para responder às questões 05 e 06.
Cataract Surgery
Overview:
Cataract surgery involves replacing the cloudy lens inside your eye with an artificial one. It's the most common operation performed in the UK, with a high success rate in improving your eyesight.It can take 4 to 6 weeks to fully recover from cataract surgery.
What are cataracts?
Cataracts are when the lens of your eye, a small transparent disc, develops cloudy patches. When we're young, our lenses are usually like clear glass, allowing us to see through them. As we get older they start to become frosted, like bathroom glass, and begin to limit our vision. Cataracts most commonly affect adults as a result of ageing. See age-related cataracts.
Do you need surgery?
If you have cataracts, it's your decision whether or not to go ahead with cataract surgery. Cataracts usually get slowly worse over time. Surgery to replace the cloudy lens is the only way to improve your eyesight. Surgery is usually offered on the NHS if your cataracts are affecting your eyesight and quality of life. The decision to have surgery should not be based solely on your eye test (visual acuity) results. You may have other personal reasons for deciding to have surgery, such as your daily activities, hobbies and interests. You can choose to put off having surgery for a while and have regular check-ups to monitor the situation. There are no medicines or eye drops that have been proven to improve cataracts or stop them getting worse.
Access August 11, 2019: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cataract-surgery/
05 – (PUC-PR-2019/020-VESTIBULAR DE VERÃO-MEDICINA)
Ao considerar as informações do texto anterior podemos afirmar que
(A) o uso adequado de medicamentos pode curar a catarata.
(B) a cirurgia consiste em trocar as lentes oculares naturalmente danificadas por lentes artificiais, mas não há garantia de melhora na visão.
(C) se ao olhar pelo vidro do banheiro, a visão estiver embaçada, a pessoa pode estar com catarata.
(D) o processo de troca das lentes naturais pelas artificiais acontece em duas etapas e pode desencadear miopia.
(E) catarata é quando as lentes oculares desenvolvem uma nebulosidade que limita a visão.
__RESPOSTA (E)__
06 – (PUC-PR-2019/020-VESTIBULAR DE VERÃO-MEDICINA)
Em relação ao que o texto apresenta, está CORRETO afirmar que
(A) cabe ao médico decidir se a cirurgia deve ser feita.
(B) a decisão de realizar ou não a cirurgia deve ser baseada apenas em um exame de visão.
(C) há colírios que poder ser usados para evitar que a catarata evolua.
(D) a cirurgia é a única forma de melhorar a visão de quem tem catarata.
(E) a pessoa com catarata ficará impossibilitada de ter determinados hobbies mesmo após a cirurgia.
__RESPOSTA (D)__
➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Considere o texto a seguir para a questão 01.
MEASLES OUTBREAKS IN WASHINGTON, TEXAS AND OREGON WERE PREDICTED BY SCIENTISTS A YEAR AGO
Outbreaks of measles have now been reported in 10 states across the U.S. In Clark County, Washington, officials say there have been 49 confirmed cases, 34 of which were in children aged 10 or under. In Harris County, Texas, three measles cases have been reported, including two boys under 2.
In a study published almost a year ago, scientists identified "anti-vaxx hot spots" — and the areas flagged include those where cases are now being reported.
One of the driving forces behind the current measles outbreak is falling vaccination rates, with parents failing to ensure their children have the two doses of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
This group includes “anti-vaxxers,” who erroneously believe vaccines are dangerous to their children, and parents who face barriers in obtaining the shots—in some states, it takes more time, effort and money to vaccinate their children than it does to get a nonmedical exemption. These NMEs, which are available in 18 states, are fairly easy to get. In Oregon, for example, all parents have to do is “watch an online education module and submit a certificate of completion.”
https://www.newsweek.com/measles-outbreak-washington-texas-oregon-anti-vaxxer-nme-map-predicted-1320044
07 – (PUC-PR-2019-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO-MEDICINA)
De acordo com o texto, é CORRETO afirmar que
I. a previsão dos cientistas quanto à epidemia de sarampo se concretizou.
I. a força dos movimentos antivacina nessas regiões é a única responsável pela epidemia de sarampo.
II. a exigência de obtenção de uma certificação para que os pais vacinem seus filhos atrasa a campanha.
III. alguns pais não se certificam de que seus filhos obtenham as duas doses necessárias para a imunização.
IV. os pais podem conseguir isenção médica da vacina ao completarem um curso online.
(A) Somente I e II estão corretas.
(B) Somente a V está incorreta.
(C) III e IV estão corretas.
(D) II e IV estão corretas.
(E) I, IV e V estão corretas.
__RESPOSTA (E)__
➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Leia o texto abaixo.
New WHO-ITU standard aims to prevent hearing loss among 1.1 billion young people
Nearly 50% of people aged 12-35 years – or 1.1 billion young people – are at risk of hearing loss due to prolonged and excessive exposure to loud sounds, including music they listen to through personal audio devices. Ahead of World Hearing Day (3 March), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) have issued a new international standard for the manufacture and use of these devices, which include smartphones and audio players, to make them safer for listening.
"Given that we have the technological know-how to prevent hearing loss, it should not be the case that so many young people continue to damage their hearing while listening to music,” says Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Direc-tor-General. "They must understand that once they lose their hearing, it won’t come back. This new WHO-ITU standard will do much to better safeguard these young consumers as they go about doing something they enjoy.”
Over 5% of the world’s population – or 466 million people – has disabling hearing loss (432 million adults and 34 million children); impacting on their quality of life. The majority live in low- and middle-income countries. It is estimated that by 2050 over 900 million people – or 1 in every 10 people – will have disabling hearing loss. Hearing loss which is not addressed poses an annual global cost of US$ 750 billion. Overall, it is suggested that half of all cases of hearing loss can be prevented through public health measures.
https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/12-02-2019-new-who-itu-standard-aims-to-prevent-hearing-loss-among-1.1-billion-young-people
08 – (PUC-PR-2019-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO-MEDICINA)
Qual é o propósito comunicativo deste texto?
(A) Explicitar as formas de combater problemas auditivos na adolescência.
(B) Defender medida de prevenção de perda auditiva entre jovens.
(C) Relatar um caso de campanha bem-sucedida de uso consciente de recursos de áudio.
(D) Denunciar falhas na manufatura de aparelhos de áudio que prejudicam a saúde de nossos jovens.
(E) Analisar dados relativos à perda auditiva entre crianças e adolescentes.
__RESPOSTA (B)__
➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Considere as informações do texto a seguir para responder à questão.
Exercising to relieve stress could do harm in long run without enough recovery time or a balanced lifestyle
Ed Haynes, founder and head trainer of Coastal Fitness Performance Training in North Point, says adding exercise to an already demanding and stressful life can end up doing more harm than good. “Our body can’t differentiate between different types of stresses,” he says. “My body doesn’t know the difference between exciting things like competing in some type of fitness competition or going on stage in front of 500 different people and, say, the fear, anxiety and nerv-ousness of meeting my boss and thinking I’m going to get fired all day.”
A recent study published in The Lancet Psychiatry journal found that people can easily overdo things when it comes to exercise. In a large scale study, they found that the people who got the most benefit physically and mentally from exer-cise only worked out three to five times a week for between 30 and 60 minutes each time. Anything more than that tended to have a negative physical effect.
https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/health-wellness/article/2164553/exercising-relieve-stress-could-do-harm-long-run-without
09 – (PUC-PR-2019-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO-MEDICINA)
Qual é o público-alvo desse texto?
(A) Especialistas em exercícios físicos.
(B) Profissionais da área da saúde. Indivíduos que buscam um estilo de vida mais calmo.
(C) Nutricionistas com especialidade em esportes.
(D) Pessoas que possuem um estilo de vida agitado e praticam exercícios.
__RESPOSTA (E)__
➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Leia o texto e analise as assertivas que seguem.
Lack of sleep? Catch up on the weekend
In this study, researchers looked at a Swedish dataset of almost 40,000 people. Each person had been asked how many hours they slept on a regular weeknight and on the weekend. From this, a number of groups could be formed. There were the lucky folks who had long sleeps on weeknights and the weekend, but at the other end of the scale were people who had short sleeps seven nights a week. Then there were groups marked by some combination of these patterns - for example, those who had short sleeps during the week and longer sleeps on the weekend. Short sleep was considered fewer than five hours, while long sleep was more than nine hours. The study followed these people for 13 years, tracking those who died and recording their cause of death. There were a number of interesting findings the researchers made in this sleep study.
The good news was that for those people who had short sleeps during the week but long weekend lie-ins, there was no increased risk of death. Unsurprisingly - and in line with other studies - having consistently short sleep on both weeknights and weekdays was associated with higher mortality. But the same was true if you went the other way - if you slept overlong you also had a higher risk. Maybe those people aren’t so lucky after all. And it’s important to note that all these results were for people under the age of 65. The researchers couldn’t find any meaningful differences in mortality based on sleep pattern for people older than 65.
https://www.mydr.com.au/
sleep/video-lack-of-sleep-catch-up-on-the-weekend
10 – (PUC-PR-2019-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO-MEDICINA)
Assinale a alternativa que contém a sequência CORRETA de verdadeiro (V) ou falso (F) de acordo com o texto.
( ) A expectativa de vida aumenta quanto mais você dorme.
( ) A regularidade do tipo do sono, seja ele longo ou curto, é o mais importante.
( ) Compensar as horas de sono perdidas mostrou ser estratégia eficaz.
( ) Tanto a escassez de horas de sono quanto seu excesso foram considerados maléficos.
( ) O estudo enfatiza a diferença de necessidade de horas de sono entre jovens e idosos.
(A) F, V, F, F, F.
(B) V, F, V, F, V.
(C) F, V, F, F, V.
(D) F, F, V, V, F.
(E) V, F, F, V, V.
__RESPOSTA (D)__
➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Leia o texto abaixo para responder a questão 11.
Are most patients with fibromyalgia misdiagnosed?
Recent studies have suggested that most people who have been diagnosed with fibromyalgia by physicians may not actually have the condition. A new Arthritis Care & Research study found that overall agreement between clinicians' diagnosis of fibromyalgia and diagnosis by published criteria is only fair.
In an accompanying editorial Dr. Don Goldenberg, of Oregon Health & Science University, noted that to conclude that expert physicians often misdiagnose fibromyalgia implies that published criteria are superior to expert clinical judgement for the diagnosis of individual patients. He stressed that this fails to account for many of the variables present in clinical encounters, including time spent in evaluating and categorizing each patient's multiple symptoms. "The diagnostic gold standard for fibromyalgia will continue to be the rheumatologist's expert opinion, not classification criteria, no matter how well-refined and intentioned," he wrote. "This is the only way to capture the variability and severity of inter-related symptoms as they play out over time."
https://www.sciencedaily.com
/releases/2019/02/190206091412.htm
11 – (PUC-PR-2019-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO-MEDICINA)
Analise as alternativas que seguem e assinale abaixo a opção CORRETA.
I - Os reumatologistas são bem-intencionados, contudo incapazes de diagnosticar a fibromialgia.
II - Os critérios utilizados para o diagnóstico de fibromialgia foram considerados antiquados.
III - Uma das possíveis causas para o problema de diagnóstico citado é a obediência aos critérios estabelecidos.
IV - A demora no início do tratamento pode agravar o caso de fibromialgia.
V - A análise clínica dos sintomas oferece melhor panorama sobre a ocorrência da fibromialgia do que os critérios de diagnóstico estabelecidos.
(A) As assertivas III e V estão corretas.
(B) Somente a assertiva II está incorreta.
(C) As assertivas IV e V estão corretas.
(D) Somente a assertiva I está incorreta.
(E) Somente as assertivas III e IV estão corretas.
__RESPOSTA (A)__
➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Considere o texto a seguir para a questão 12.
Fasting ramps up human metabolism, study shows
In previous research, the G0 Cell Unit identified various metabolites whose quantities decline with age, including three known as leucine, isoleucine, and ophthalmic acid. In fasting individuals, these metabolites increase in level, suggesting a mechanism by which fasting could help increase longevity.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/01/190131113934.htm
12 – (PUC-PR-2019-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO-MEDICINA)
Quais são as duas descobertas relativas à prática do jejum que foram evidenciadas no texto?
(A) Diminuição do metabolismo e crescimento de micro-organismos.
(B) Melhora no metabolismo e aceleração do processo de envelhecimento.
(C) Aumento da atividade metabólica e da expectativa de vida.
(D) Ajuste metabólico e diminuição da expectativa de vida.
(E) Dependência metabólica e perda de energia.
__RESPOSTA (C)__
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