CONCURSO PÚBLICO DE ADMISSÃO À ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2023.• LINKS
• ESTRUTURA DA PROVA
- 18 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
- Texto (1) – | Robo-penguin: how artificial birds are relaying the secrets of ocean currents | www.theguardian.com |
- Texto (2) – | Welcome to the 'plastisphere': the synthetic ecosystem evolving at the sea | www.theguardian.com |
❑ TEXTO 1: Read the text below and answer questions 23 to 26.
➽TRADUÇÃO DO TEXTO:
Robo-penguin: how artificial birds are relaying the secrets of ocean currents
Pinguim-robô: como pássaros artificiais estão transmitindo os segredos das correntes oceânicas
[1] If it looks like a penguin and swims like a penguin - but it's actually a robot - then it must be the latest advance in marine sensory equipment.
Se parece um pinguim e nada como um pinguim - mas, na verdade é um robô - então deve ser o mais recente avanço em equipamento sensorial marinho.
- "but its actually" - mas, na verdade é.
- "then it must be" - então deve ser.
- "the latest advance" - o mais recente avanço.
- "marine sensory equipment" - equipamento sensorial marinho.
[2] The Quadroin is an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV): a 3D-printed self-propelled machine designed to mimic a penguin in order to measure the properties of oceanic eddies.
O Quadroin é um veículo subaquático autônomo (AUV): uma máquina autopropelida impressa em 3D, projetada para imitar um pinguim, a fim de medir as propriedades de redemoinhos oceânicos.
- "an autonomous underwater vehicle" - um veículo subaquático autônomo.
[3] It was developed by Burkard Baschek while head of Germany's Institute of Coastal Ocean Dynamics at the Helmholtz Centre Hereon after he watched more than $20,000 of his equipment sink to the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.
Foi desenvolvido por Burkard Baschek enquanto chefe do Instituto Alemão de Dinâmica Costeira do Oceano no Helmholtz Center Hereon depois de assistir mais de US$ 20.000 de seu equipamento afundar no Oceano Pacífico.
[4] Eddies are small ocean currents that other research methods have struggled to capture.
Os redemoinhos são pequenas correntes oceânicas que outros métodos de pesquisa lutaram para capturar.
They influence all the animals and plants in the seas as well as the Earth's climate, driving roughly 50% of all phytoplankton production.
Eles (redemoinhos) influenciam todos os animais e plantas dos mares, bem como o clima da Terra, impulsionando cerca de 50% de toda a produção de fitoplâncton.
The base of the marine food chain, phytoplankton and other marine plants such as kelp and algal plankton also produce up to 70% of atmospheric oxygen.
A base da cadeia alimentar marinha, o fitoplâncton e outras plantas marinhas, como as algas e o plâncton de algas, também produzem até 70% do oxigênio atmosférico.
- "the marine food chain" – a cadeia alimentar marinha,
[5] Despite: their significance, eddies are poorly understood within the scientific community because they are small, some are just 10 metres across, and they have an average lifespan of:12 hours, posing a huge challenge for ocean observations.
Apesar da sua importância, os redemoinhos são pouco compreendidos pela comunidade científica porque são pequenos, alguns têm apenas 10 metros de diâmetro e têm uma vida útil média de 12 horas, representando um enorme desafio para as observações oceânicas.
Few detailed measurements even exist.
Existem poucas medições detalhadas.
[6] Baschek first developed a device with about 20 sensors attached to a rope, to be towed behind a ship to measure key oceanographic variables in the eddies - such as temperature, salinity, pressure, chlorophyll and oxygen.
Baschek primeiro desenvolveu um dispositivo com cerca de 20 sensores presos a uma corda, para ser rebocado por um navio para medir as principais variáveis oceanográficas nos redemoinhos - como temperatura, salinidade, pressão, clorofila e oxigênio.
But the rope would catch on rocks, fishing nets or containers - sending all the data to the seabed.
Mas a corda ficaria presa em rochas, redes de pesca ou contentores – enviando todos os dados do fundo do mar.
[7] “The only way to avoid such underwater dangers was to develop a device which can do these measurements without being tied to a rope,” says Baschek.
“A única forma de evitar estes perigos subaquáticos era desenvolver um dispositivo que pudesse fazer estas medições sem estar amarrado a uma corda”, diz Baschek.
[8] The solution came from Rudolf Bannasch and his team at the Berlin-based company EvoLogics, which specialises in bionics based on natural evolution.
A solução veio de Rudolf Bannasch e sua equipe da empresa EvoLogics, com sede em Berlim, especializada em biônica baseada na evolução natural.
Bannasch knew exactly what Baschek needed: a penguin.
Bannasch sabia exatamente o que Baschek precisava: um pinguim.
[9] “Penguins provide a shape with optimal aerodynamic characteristics,” says Bannasch.
“Os pinguins fornecem uma forma com características aerodinâmicas ideais”, diz Bannasch.
His studies in wireless underwater navigation and communication systems suggest that penguins are 20% to 30% more aerodynamic than anything designed in a laboratory, ideal for the high-speed measurements Baschek sought.
Seus estudos em navegação subaquática sem fio e sistemas de comunicação sugerem que os pinguins são 20% a 30% mais aerodinâmicos do que qualquer coisa projetada em laboratório, ideal para as medições de alta velocidade que Baschek procurava.
[10] In April, the first Quadroin prototype - the name derives from “quadro”, after the four propellers that move the AUV, and “penguin” - had its maiden voyage in a lake
near Berlin. It has a maximum speed of eight knots (9.2 mph) and uses the same sensors that used to be towed on a rope. The Quadroin, however, can float freely through the water, avoiding obstructions, to depths of 150 metres.
[Em abril, o primeiro protótipo Quadroin - o nome deriva de “quadro”, em homenagem às quatro hélices que movem o AUV, e “pinguim” - fez sua viagem inaugural em um lago
perto de Berlim. Ele tem velocidade máxima de oito nós (9,2 mph) e usa os mesmos sensores que costumavam ser rebocados por corda. O Quadroin, porém, pode flutuar livremente na água, evitando obstruções, até profundidades de 150 metros.
[11] One element in the study of eddies that has worried scientists is that they need to be measured in multiple locations simultaneously. Bannasch and his colleagues are working to create two more artificial penguins that would swim in unison and communicate with each other.
Um elemento no estudo dos redemoinhos que tem preocupado os cientistas é que eles precisam ser medidos em vários locais simultaneamente. Bannasch e seus colegas estão trabalhando para criar mais dois pinguins artificiais que nadariam em uníssono e se comunicariam entre si.
[12] “We developed the first singing underwater modems so that the Quadroins will be able to send and receive chirping signals similar to those of dolphins” says Bannasch.
“Desenvolvemos os primeiros modems subaquáticos cantantes para que os Quadroins sejam capazes de enviar e receber sinais de chilrear semelhantes aos dos golfinhos”, diz Bannasch.
[13] As for losing them to the bottom of the ocean, the artificial penguins have a final trick that also mimics their real-life counterparts: if the electronics fail and the sensors go dark, they float.
Quanto a perdê-los para o fundo do oceano, os pinguins artificiais têm um truque final que também imita os seus homólogos da vida real: se a electrónica falhar e os sensores escurecerem, eles flutuam.
- (Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com)
23 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN/2023) "The word "such" in the sentence
- “The only way to avoid such underwater dangers"(paragraph 7) refers to
(A) measuring key oceanography variables in the eddies.
(B) temperature, salinity, pressure, chlorophyll and oxygen.
(C) the rope being caught on rocks, fishing nets or containers.
(D) the effect of eddies on sensors.
(E) the effect of eddies on ships.
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
- "But the rope would catch on rocks, fishing nets or containers - sending all the data to the seabed. The only way to avoid such underwater dangers..."
- Mas a corda ficaria presa em rochas, redes de pesca ou contentores – enviando todos os dados para o fundo do mar. A única maneira de evitar tais perigos subaquáticos ...
"SUCH" refere-se a:
(A) measuring key oceanography variables in the eddies.
variáveis oceanográficas principais medidas nos redemoinhos.
(B) temperature, salinity, pressure, chlorophyll and oxygen.
temperatura, salinidade, pressão, clorofila e oxigênio.
(C) the rope being caught on rocks, fishing nets or containers.
a corda ficar presa em pedras, redes de pesca ou contêineres.
(D) the effect of eddies on sensors.
o efeito dos redemoinhos nos sensores.
(E) the effect of eddies on ships.
o efeito dos redemoinhos nos navios.
>> "ROPE" – corda.
24 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN/2023) Bannasch knew that Baschek needed a penguin because:
(A) Baschek was having difficulty in finding the right animals for his research.
(B) Bashek needed to make high-speed measurements.
(C) Bashek needed to find animals that could travel at a high speed.
(D) Bannasch had some experience in creating wireless underwater creatures.
(E) Bannasch discovered that penguins can untie a rope.
Bannasch knew that Baschek needed a penguin because:
Bannasch sabia que Baschek precisava de um pinguim porque:
(A) Baschek was having difficulty in finding the right animals for his research.
Baschek estava tendo dificuldade em encontrar os animais certos para sua pesquisa.
(B) Bashek needed to make high-speed measurements.
Bashek precisava fazer medidas de alta velocidade.
- His studies in wireless underwater navigation and communication systems suggest that penguins are 20% to 30% more aerodynamic than anything designed in a laboratory, ideal for the high-speed measurements Baschek sought.
- Seus estudos em navegação subaquática sem fio e sistemas de comunicação sugerem que os pinguins são 20% a 30% mais aerodinâmicos do que qualquer coisa projetada em laboratório, ideal para as medições de alta velocidade que Baschek procurava.
(C) Bashek needed to find animals that could travel at a high speed.
Bashek precisava encontrar animais que pudessem viajar em uma alta velocidade.
(D) Bannasch had some experience in creating wireless underwater creatures.
Bannasch tinha alguma experiência na criação de criaturas subaquáticas sem fio.
(E) Bannasch discovered that penguins can untie a rope.
Bannasch descobriu que os pinguins podem desatar uma corda.
25 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN/2023) The text describes eddies as currents that:
(A) can be easily measured.
(B) have large sizes.
(C) can be easily observed.
(D) generally last longer than one day.
(E) usually last less than one day.
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
The text describes eddies as currents that:
(A) can be easily measured.(hardly)
podem ser facilmente medidas
- [5] "Few detailed measurements even exist."
- Até existem, poucas medidas detalhadas.
(B) have large sizes.(smal)
- [5] "...because they are small..."
(C) can be easily observed. (hardly)
- [5] eddies are poorly understood within the scientific community ..., posing a huge challenge for ocean observations.
- os redemoinhos são pouco compreendidos pela comunidade científica..., representando um enorme desafio para as observações oceânicas.
(D) generally last longer than one day. (last less than)
geralmente duram mais de um dia.
- [5] "...and they have an average lifespan of:12 hours..."
- ...e eles têm uma vida útil média de:12 horas..."
(E) usually last less than one day.
geralmente duram menos de um dia.
- [5] "...and they have an average lifespan of:12 hours..."
26 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN/2023) According to the text:
(A) it has always been easy to study eddies.
(B) it has always been difficult to study eddies.
(C) penguins have traditionally been used in the study of oceanic eddies.
(D) penguins have the capacity of measuring oceanic eddies.
(E) researchers have lost much equipment to the bottom of the ocean while they watched penguins.
According to the text:
De acordo com o texto:
(A) it has always been easy to study eddies.
sempre foi fácil estudar redemoinhos.
(B) it has always been difficult to study eddies.
sempre foi difícil estudar redemoinhos.
- [5] eddies are poorly understood within the scientific community ..., posing a huge challenge for ocean observations.
- os redemoinhos são pouco compreendidos pela comunidade científica..., representando um enorme desafio para as observações oceânicas.
(C) penguins have traditionally been used in the study of oceanic eddies.
os pinguins vem sendo tradicionalmente usados no estudo de redemoinhos oceânicos.
(D) penguins have the capacity of measuring oceanic eddies.
os pinguins têm a capacidade de medir redemoinhos oceânicos.
(E) researchers have lost much equipment to the bottom of the ocean while they watched penguins.
pesquisadores perderam muitos equipamentos no fundo do oceano enquanto observavam pinguins.
❑ TEXTO 2: Read the text below and answer questions 27 and 28.
➽TRADUÇÃO DO TEXTO:
Welcome to the 'plastisphere': the synthetic ecosystem evolving at the sea
Bem-vindo à 'plastisfera': o ecossistema sintético que evolui no mar
[1] Plastic bottles dominate waste in the ocean, with an estimated 1m of them reaching the sea every minute.
As garrafas de plástico dominam os resíduos nos oceanos, estimando-se que 1 milhão delas cheguem ao mar a cada minuto.
The biggest culprit is polyethylene terephthalate (Pet) bottles.
O maior culpado são as garrafas de tereftalato de polietileno (Pet).
[2] Last month, a study found two bacteria capable of breaking down Pet - or, as the headlines put it, “eating plastic”.
No mês passado, um estudo encontrou duas bactérias capazes de decompor Pet - ou, como dizem as manchetes, “comer plástico”.
Known as Thioclava sp. BHET1 and Bacillus sp. BHET2, the bacteria were isolated in a laboratory - but they were discovered in the ocean.
Conhecida como Thioclava sp. BHET1 e Bacillus sp. BHET2, a bactéria foi isolada em laboratório – mas foi descoberta no oceano.
[3] The bacteria are the latest example of new organisms that appear, to be growing in a unique environment: the vast amounts of plastic at sea.
As bactérias são o exemplo mais recente de novos organismos que surgem e crescem num ambiente único: as grandes quantidades de plástico no mar.
[4] Like the atmosphere, magnetosphere and hydrosphere, the plastisphere is a region.
Assim como a atmosfera, a magnetosfera e a hidrosfera, a plastisfera é uma região.
But it is also an ecosystem, like the Siberian steppe or coral reefs - a plasticised marine environment.
Mas é também um ecossistema, como a estepe siberiana ou os recifes de coral – um ambiente marinho plastificado.
The best-known concentration of seaborne plastic waste is the Great Pacific garbage patch, a sort of plastic soup spread over an area roughly twice the size of France, but plastic is everywhere.
A concentração mais conhecida de resíduos plásticos transportados pelo mar é a mancha de lixo do Grande Pacífico, uma espécie de sopa de plástico espalhada por uma área aproximadamente duas vezes maior que a França, mas o plástico está por toda parte.
[5] First described in a 2013 study to refer to a collective of plastic-colonising organisms, including bacteria and fungi, the term has since expanded.
Descrito pela primeira vez num estudo de 2013 para se referir a um coletivo de organismos colonizadores de plástico, incluindo bactérias e fungos, o termo expandiu-se desde então.
It now loosely encompasses larger organisms, from crabs to jellyfish, which float across oceans on marine plastics.
Agora abrange vagamente organismos maiores, desde caranguejos a águas-vivas, que flutuam através dos oceanos em plásticos marinhos.
- "crabs" – caranguejos.
- "jellyfish" – águas-vivas.
The term was coined by Linda Amaral-Zettler, a marine microbiologist at the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research.
O termo foi cunhado por Linda Amaral-Zettler, microbiologista marinha do Royal Dutch Institute for Sea Research.
[6] Although the term may be recent, the phenomenon is not.
Embora o termo possa ser recente, o fenômeno não é.
“The plastisphere has been around for as long as plastic has existed,” Amaral-Zettler says.
“A plastisfera existe desde que o plástico existe”, diz Amaral-Zettler.
[7] What is new is our understanding of just how complex an ecosystem the world of plastic can be.
O que é novo é a nossa compreensão de quão complexo pode ser o ecossistema do mundo do plástico.
In the plastisphere there are organisms that photosynthesise; there are predators and prey; symbionts and parasites, allowing for “a full range of interactions possible, as in other ecosystems”, says Amaral-Zettler.
Na plastisfera há organismos que fotossintetizam; há predadores e presas; simbiontes e parasitas, permitindo “uma gama completa de interações possíveis, como em outros ecossistemas”, diz Amaral-Zettler.
[8] Another unique feature of the plastisphere is that humans invented it.
Outra característica única da plastisfera é que os humanos a inventaram.
Every other ecosystem has evolved over millions of years.
Todos os outros ecossistemas evoluíram ao longo de milhões de anos.
The meaning of that is not yet clear.
O significado disso ainda não está claro.
Wright believes “its more an issue of scale” because unlike most naturally occurring materials, plastic is highly durable and persistent, allowing the growth and spread of attached organisms over a massive area.
Wright acredita que “é mais uma questão de escala” porque, ao contrário da maioria dos materiais naturais, o plástico é altamente durável e persistente, permitindo o crescimento e a propagação de organismos aderidos por uma área enorme.
- "attached organisms" – organismos aderidos.
[9] There are also concerns about plastic-colonising organisms that can travel around the world.
Também há preocupações sobre organismos colonizadores de plástico que podem viajar pelo mundo.
AmaralZettler's 2013 study discovered Vibrio, a type of bacteria known to contain several species of pathogens, including some associated with gastroenteritis.
O estudo de AmaralZettler de 2013 descobriu Vibrio, um tipo de bactéria conhecido por conter várias espécies de patógenos, incluindo alguns associados à gastroenterite.
[10] For the scientists, the plastisphere's presence is a less obvious concern than its potential health dangers.
Para os cientistas, a presença da plastisfera é uma preocupação menos óbvia do que os seus potenciais perigos para a saúde.
Most plastic ends up in landfill, but nearly a third of it ends up in the sea.
A maior parte do plástico acaba em aterros, mas quase um terço dele acaba no mar.
- "landfill" – aterros, lixões.
The majority sinks, but a lot does not, becoming a home for all sorts of microbes that might not otherwise have a home.
A maioria afunda, mas muitos não, tornando-se um lar para todos os tipos de micróbios que de outra forma não teriam um lar.
- "to sink" – afundar.
[11] “At the moment that's still very much an active area of research,” Wright says.
“No momento, essa ainda é uma área de pesquisa muito ativa”, diz Wright. Existem dois campos principais de investigação: p
There are two main fields of investigation: potential pathogens in the plastisphere, and the potential for some microbes to biodegrade hydrocarbons, such as the plastic-eaters identified last month.
Há dois campos principais de investigação: potenciais patógenos na plastosfera e o potencial de alguns micróbios biodegradarem hidrocarbonetos, como os comedores de plástico identificados no mês passado.
[12] Those are not unique to the ocean.
Isso não é exclusivo do oceano.
In 2016, scientists in Japan discovered Ideonelta sakaiensis, a species of bacteria at a rubbish tip that had evolved an enzyme that enabled it to eat plastic.
Em 2016, cientistas no Japão descobriram Ideonelta sakaiensis, uma espécie de bactéria num aterro de lixo que desenvolvera uma enzima que lhe permitiu comer plástico.
[13] But another study in the same year found that, compared with bacteria in the surrounding waters, those in the plastisphere possessed an enriched collection of genes, suggesting that they had adapted for a “surface-attached lifestyle”.
Mas outro estudo do mesmo ano descobriu que, em comparação com as bactérias nas águas circundantes, as da plastisfera possuíam uma coleção enriquecida de genes, sugerindo que se tinham adaptado a um “estilo de vida ligado à superfície”.
[14] Could the plastisphere evolve in such a way that bacteria would essentially eat it, or at least help us identify ways to break down our plastic waste?
Poderá a plastisfera evoluir de tal forma que as bactérias a comam essencialmente, ou pelo menos nos ajudem a identificar formas de decompor os nossos resíduos plásticos?
“I'd definitely agree that [microbes on] plastics are going to be the key place to look in the fight against plastic,” says Wright.
“Eu definitivamente concordo que [os micróbios nos] plásticos serão o principal ponto a ser observado na luta contra o plástico," diz Wright.
- (Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com)
27 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN/2023) Decide if the statements below are true (T) or false (F) according to the text. Then, choose the option that contains the right sequence.
( ) The plastisphere is one more ecosystem in our world and it is similar to all other ecosystems that exist.
( ) The atmosphere, the magnetosphere and the hydrosphere gave origin to the plastisphere.
( ) In addition to bacteria and fungi, some animals can travel to many countries on marine plastics.
( ) The bacteria in the plastisphere can be characterized as a group of bacteria that have not become adapted to living on the surface.
( ) Wright believes that we can combat plastic pollution if we do research on microbes that eat or decompose plastic waste.
(A) (T) (F) (T) (T) (F)
(B) (F) (T) (F) (T) (T)
(C) (T) (T) (T) (F) (F)
(D) (F) (F) (T) (F) (T)
(E) (F) (F) (F) (T) (T)
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
( F ) The plastisphere is one more ecosystem in our world and it is similar to all other ecosystems that exist.
A plastisfera é mais um ecossistema em nosso mundo e é semelhante a todos os outros ecossistemas que existem.
- [4] Like the atmosphere, magnetosphere and hydrosphere, the plastisphere is a region.Assim como a atmosfera, a magnetosfera e a hidrosfera, a plastisfera é uma região.
- But it is also an ecosystem, like the Siberian steppe or coral reefs - a plasticised marine environment.
- Mas é também um ecossistema, como a estepe siberiana ou os recifes de coral – um ambiente marinho plastificado.
( F ) The atmosphere, the magnetosphere and the hydrosphere gave origin to the plastisphere.
A atmosfera, a magnetosfera e a hidrosfera deram origem à plastisfera.
- The term was coined by Linda Amaral-Zettler (...).Embora o termo possa ser recente, o fenômeno não é.“A plastisfera existe desde que o plástico existe”, diz Amaral-Zettler.
- “The plastisphere has been around for as long as plastic has existed,”
- A plastisfera existe desde que o plástico existe.
- Another unique feature of the plastisphere is that humans invented it.
- Todos os outros ecossistemas evoluíram ao longo de milhões de anos.
- Every other ecosystem has evolved over millions of years.
- Outra característica única da plastisfera é que os humanos a inventaram.
( T ) In addition to bacteria and fungi, some animals can travel to many countries on marine plastics.
Além de bactérias e fungos, alguns animais podem viajar para muitos países carregando plásticos marinhos.
- [9] There are also concerns about plastic-colonising organisms that can travel around the world.Também há preocupações sobre organismos colonizadores de plástico que podem viajar pelo mundo.
( F ) The bacteria in the plastisphere can be characterized as a group of bacteria that have not become adapted to living on the surface.
As bactérias da plastisfera podem ser caracterizadas como um grupo de bactérias que não se adaptaram para viver na superfície.
- [13] But another study in the same year found that, compared with bacteria in the surrounding waters, those in the plastisphere possessed an enriched collection of genes, suggesting that they had adapted for a “surface-attached lifestyle”.
- Mas outro estudo do mesmo ano descobriu que, em comparação com as bactérias nas águas circundantes, as da plastisfera possuíam uma coleção enriquecida de genes, sugerindo que se tinham adaptado a um “estilo de vida ligado à superfície”.
( T ) Wright believes that we can combat plastic pollution if we do research on microbes that eat or decompose plastic waste.
Wright acredita que podemos combater a poluição plástica se fizermos pesquisas sobre micróbios que comem ou decompõem resíduos plásticos.
- “I'd definitely agree that [microbes on] plastics are going to be the key place to look in the fight against plastic,” says Wright.
- “Eu definitivamente concordo que [os micróbios nos] plásticos serão o principal ponto a ser observado na luta contra o plástico," diz Wright.
28 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN/2023) In the sentence
- "For the scientists, the plastisphere's presence is a less obvious concern than its potential health dangers." (paragraph 10),
the meaning of the word "concern" is:
(A) characteristic
(B) advantage
(C) worry
(D) easiness
(E) secret
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
- "For the scientists, the plastisphere's presence is a less obvious concern than its potential health dangers.",
- "Para os cientistas, a presença da plastisfera é uma preocupação menos óbvia do que os seus potenciais perigos para a saúde."
the meaning of the word "concern" is:
o significado da palavra "concern"(preocupação) é:
(A) characteristic
característica
(B) advantage
vantagem
(C) worry
preocupação
(D) easiness
facilidade
(E) secret
segredo
29 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN/2023) Read the sentence below.
- The Government has clarified that there is no obligation for event operators to cancel or postpone shows and sporting events during the national mourning period, including the day of the state funeral. (https://accessaa.co.uk)
Which option replaces the underlined verb correctly, without changing the meaning of the sentence?
(A) give up
(B) turn on
(C) run away
(D) put off
(E) carry out
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - PHRASAL VERB "TO PUT OFF"(= to postpone) :
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICOS - INFINITIVO-TO & Ving :
TÓPICOS - MODAL VERBS :
TÓPICOS - QUESTION TAGS :
TÓPICOS - [TOLD + object pronoun + TO INFINITIVE] // [TOLD + object pronoun + NOT TO INFINITIVE] : 
- The Government has clarified that there is no obligation for event operators to cancel or postpone shows and sporting events during the national mourning period, including the day of the state funeral.
- O Governo esclareceu que não há obrigação dos operadores de eventos cancelarem ou adiarem espetáculos e eventos desportivos durante o período de luto nacional, incluindo o dia do funeral de Estado.
Which option replaces the underlined verb correctly, without changing the meaning of the sentence?
Qual opção substitui corretamente o verbo sublinhado, sem alterar o sentido da frase?
(A) give up render-se, desistir (de fazer algo)
(B) turn on ligar algo, acender algo, abrir algo.
(C) run away fugir, escapar
(D) put off adiar, protelar, postergar
(E) carry out levar a cabo, realizar, cumprir.
30 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN/2023) Which option is grammatically INCORRECT?
(A) Remember to lock the door when you leave.
(B) Try taking an aspirin if you have a headache.
(C) My aunt makes her children to wake up early.
(D) The joke was so funny that I couldn't stop laughing.
(E) He'll never forget visiting New York for the first time.
Which option is grammatically INCORRECT?
(A) Remember to lock the door when you leave. (CORRETO) 
(B) Try taking an aspirin if you have a headache. (CORRETO)
(C) My aunt makes her children to wake up early.(INCORRETO)
>>PADRÃO GRAMATICAL >> [ make + infinitive without to ].
• My aunt makes her children wake up early.
(D) The joke was so funny that I couldn't stop laughing. (CORRETO)
(E) He'll never forget visiting New York for the first time. (CORRETO)
31 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN/2023)
Which option expresses deduction?
(A) They can swim, but they can't play soccer well.
(B) You may come in if you wish. I need to talk to you.
(C) Could you speak English when you were a child?
(D) Would you mind leaving us alone for a minute?
(E) She has been driving all day. She must be tired.
Comentários e Gabarito E Which option expresses deduction?
(A) They can swim, but they can't play soccer well.(ABILITY)
Eles sabem nadar, mas não jogam bem futebol.
(B) You may come in if you wish. I need to talk to you.(PERMISSION)
Você pode entrar se desejar. Eu preciso falar com você.
(C) Could you speak English when you were a child?(ABILITY)
Você falava inglês quando era criança?
(D) Would you mind leaving us alone for a minute?(PERMISSION)
Você se importaria de nos deixar sozinhos por um minuto?
(E) She has been driving all day. She must be tired.(DEDUCTION)
Ela está dirigindo o dia inteiro. Ela deve estar cansada.
32 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN/2023)
Choose the option that is grammatically correct.
(A) They met in Paris, aren't they?
(B) You made the birthday cake yourself, weren't you?
(C) We are both late, don't we?
(D) The match will start in ten minutes, won't it?
(E) Our guests haven't arrived yet, have we?
Comentários e Gabarito D Choose the option that is grammatically correct.
(A) They met in Paris, aren't they?(INCORRETO)
>> They met in Paris, didn't they?
>>Eles se conheceram em Paris, não foi?
(B) You made the birthday cake yourself, weren't you?(INCORRETO)
>>You made the birthday cake yourself, didn't you?
>>Você mesmo fez o bolo de aniversário, não foi?
(C) We are both late, don't we?(INCORRETO)
>>We are both late, aren't we?
>>Nós dois estamos atrasados, não estamos?
(D) The match will start in ten minutes, won't it?(CORRETO)
>>A partida começará em dez minutos, não é?
(E) Our guests haven't arrived yet, have we?(INCORRETO)
>>Our guests haven't arrived yet, haven't they?
>>Nossos convidados ainda não chegaram, não é mesmo?
33 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN/2023)
Mark the option that completes the dialogue below correctly.
John: Peter, don't close the door.
Peter: What did you say?
John: I __________ the door.
(A) told you not to close
(B) told to not close
(C) say you had not closed
(D) told you didn't close
(E) said that you to not close
Comentários e Gabarito A Mark the option that completes the dialogue below correctly.
John: Peter, don't close the door.
Peter: What did you say?
John: I told you not to close the door.
(A) told you not to close
(B) told to not close (TOLD YOU TO)
(C) say you had not closed (SAID TO YOU)
(D) told you didn't close (TOLD YOU TO)
(E) said that you to not close (SAID TO YOU)
❑ QUESTÕES(34-40):
34 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN/2023)
Look at the chart below.
According to the chart, it is correct to say that:
(A) the Renault Twizy Urban 45 is the heaviest of them.
(B) the GMC Hummer EV Pickup is the least heavy of them.
(C) the BMW IX xDrive 50 is as heavy as the Rolls-Royce Spectre.
(D) the Rolls-Royce Spectre is heavier than the Mercedes-Benz EQS 580.
(E) the BMW IX xDrive 50 is less heavy than the Renault Twizy Urban 45.
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICOS - COMPARATIVO & SUPERLATIVO :
According to the chart, it is correct to say that:
De acordo com o gráfico, é correto dizer que:
(A) the Renault Twizy Urban 45 is the heaviest of them.(the least heavy)
o Renault Twizy Urban 45 (446kg) é o mais pesado deles.
(B) the GMC Hummer EV Pickup is the least heavy of them.(the heaviest)
o GMC Hummer EV Pickup (4200kg) é o menos pesado deles.
(C) the BMW IX xDrive 50 is as heavy as the Rolls-Royce Spectre.(less heavy than)
o BMW IX xDrive 50 (2585kg) é tão pesado quanto o Rolls-Royce Spectre (2975kg).
(D) the Rolls-Royce Spectre is heavier than the Mercedes-Benz EQS 580.(CORRETO)
o Rolls-Royce Spectre (2975kg) é mais pesado do que o Mercedes-Benz EQS 580 (2585kg).
(E) the BMW IX xDrive 50 is less heavy than the Renault Twizy Urban 45.(heaviest than)
o BMW IX xDrive 50 (2585kg) é menos pesado que o Renault Twizy Urban 45 (446kg).
35 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN/2023)
Complete the gaps in the dialogue with a, an or the. Then, choose the option with the correct sequence, A dash (-) indicates that no article is used.
Tom is selling his sail boat. He advertised it and Jim phoned him to ask for information.
JIM: Hello! l've read your advertisement about ____ sail boat.
TOM: Hi!
JIM: How long have you had it for?
TOM: I've had it for three years. lts not _____ old sail boat. It's in ______ great condition! And it has ______ lot of equipment installed.
JIM: Why do you want to sell it?
TOM: Well, this is _______ first sail boat I've had in my life and now | need ______ different one. It's quite fast but its not _______ fastest sail boat in ________ world.
JIM: Oh, I see. Where did you buy it?
TOM: I bought it at ________ Boats For All. Would you like to make ________ appointment to see it?
JIM: Sure!
(A) - / an / a / - / a / a / the / - / the / an
(B) the / the / - / a /a / - / a / the / an / an
(C) a / an / - / a / the / a / the / the / - / an
(D) a / a / a / - / the / - / a / the / - / a
(E) the / an / a / - / the / a / a / the / an / a
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICOS - ARTICLES (the, a, an) & NO-ARTICLES(-) :
Tom is selling his sail boat. He advertised it and Jim phoned him to ask for information.
Tom está vendendo seu veleiro. Ele anunciou e Jim telefonou para pedir informações.
JIM: Hello! l've read your advertisement about a sail boat.
Olá! li seu anúncio sobre um veleiro.
TOM: Hi!
Olá!
JIM: How long have you had it for?
Há quanto tempo você o tem?
TOM: I've had it for three years. lts not an old sail boat. It's in great condition! And it has a lot of equipment installed.
Eu o tenho há três anos. Não é um velho barco à vela. Está em ótimo estado! E tem muitos equipamentos instalados.
JIM: Why do you want to sell it?
Por que você quer vendê-lo?
TOM: Well, this is the first sail boat I've had in my life and now I need a different one. It's quite fast but its not the fastest sail boat in the world.
Bem, este é o primeiro veleiro que tive na vida e agora eu preciso de um diferente. É bastante rápido, mas não é o veleiro mais rápido do mundo.
JIM: Oh, I see. Where did you buy it?
Ah, entendo. Onde você o comprou?
TOM: I bought it at Boats For All. Would you like to make an appointment to see it?
Comprei na Boats For All. Gostaria de marcar uma consulta para ver?
JIM: Sure!
Claro!
(A) - / an / a / - / a / a / the / - / the / an
(B) the / the / - / a /a / - / a / the / an / an
(C) a / an / - / a / the / a / the / the / - / an
(D) a / a / a / - / the / - / a / the / - / a
(E) the / an / a / - / the / a / a / the / an / a
36 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN/2023)
Which option completes the text correctly?
Lord Canterville: Mr. Otis, the law of ________ country states that __________ jewels belong to _________ family. Take ___________. ___________ are ___________.
(Adapted from: WILDE, Oscar. The Canterville Ghost: The graphic novel. Boston: Heinle, 2011, p.113)
(A) that/ those / your /it/ lts / your
(B) this / those / yours /it/ Its / your
(C) this / these / your / them / They / yours
(D) these / these / your / their / They / yours
(E) these / this / yours / them / They / your
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICOS: SUBJECT PRONOUNS, OBJECT PRONOUNS, POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS, POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES & DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS :
Lord Canterville: Mr. Otis, the law of this country states that these jewels belong to your family. Take them. They are yours.
(Adapted from: WILDE, Oscar. The Canterville Ghost: The graphic novel. Boston: Heinle, 2011, p.113)
(A) that/ those / your /it/ lts / your
(B) this / those / yours /it/ Its / your
(C) this / these / your / them / They / yours
(D) these / these / your / their / They / yours
(E) these / this / yours / them / They / your
37 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN/2023)
Choose the option that is grammatically correct.
The design of ships are called marine engineering.
(A) A ship may been designed to carry cargo, plus any necessary
(B) supplies as fuel, lubricating oil, crew, and the crew's life support.
(C) A ship can being designed to survive moderate damage.
(D) Most cruise ships now in service was builded after 1970 specifically for the cruise trade.
(E) In the past, maritime nations began to realize that accidents at sea were preventable.
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICOS - GRAMÁTICA :
Choose the option that is grammatically correct.
(A) The design of ships are called marine engineering.
(B) A ship may been designed to carry cargo, plus any necessarysupplies as fuel, lubricating oil, crew, and the crew's life support.
(C) A ship can being designed to survive moderate damage.
(D) Most cruise ships now in service was builded after 1970 specifically for the cruise trade.
(E) In the past, maritime nations began to realize that accidents at sea were preventable.
38 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN/2023)
Which option is grammatically correct?
(A) If I were you, I'd buy a new car.
(B) I'd bought a new car if l'd be you.
(C) If I'm you, I bought a new car.
(D) If I was you, I'd bought a new car.
(E) I'll buy a new car if I had been you.
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICO - IF-CLAUSE :
Which option is grammatically correct?
(A) If I were you, I'd buy a new car.
(B) I'd bought a new car if l'd be you.
(C) If I'm you, I bought a new car.
(D) If I was you, I'd bought a new car.
(E) I'll buy a new car if I had been you.
39 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN/2023)
Which option completes the paragraph below correctly?
Everyone ______ in a good mood when they ______ their drive to Cantervile Chase. It ______ a beautiful July evening, and they ______ the pine trees as they ______.
(Adapted from: WILDE, Oscar. The Canterville Ghost: The graphic novel. Boston: Heinle, 2011. p.15)
(A) were / had begun / was / can smell / driven
(B) was / began / was / could smell / drove
(C) were / begun / had been / could smell / drove
(D) was / had begun / had been / can smell / driven
(E) were / began / was / could smell / drive
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICO - INDEFINITE PRONOUN & FORMAS VERBAIS ADEQUADAS :(A) were / had begun / was / can smell / driven (C) were / begun / had been / could smell / drove (E) were / began / was / could smell / drive
Everyone was in a good mood when they began their drive to Cantervile Chase. It was a beautiful July evening, and they could smell the pine trees as they drove.
Todos estavam de bom humor quando começaram a viagem para Canterville Chase. Era uma linda noite de julho e eles podiam sentir o cheiro dos pinheiros enquanto dirigiam.
(B) was / began / was / could smell / drove
(D) was / had begun / had been / can smell / driven
40 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN/2023)
Mark the option that completes the question below correctly.
__________ different kinds of trees grow in the Amazon?
In 2013, Field Museum ecologist Nigel Pitman and fellow scientists estimated that there are 16,000 different trees growing in the Amazon. But confirming that guess
meant actually counting all of the known species.
(Adapted from: htips://wwyw fieldmuseum.org/blog)
(A) How long
(B) When
(C) How much
(D) Where
(E) How many
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICOS - QUESTION WORDS :
Mark the option that completes the question below correctly.
How many different kinds of trees grow in the Amazon?
In 2013, Field Museum ecologist Nigel Pitman and fellow scientists estimated that there are 16,000 different trees growing in the Amazon. But confirming that guess
meant actually counting all of the known species.
Quantos tipos diferentes de árvores crescem na Amazônia?
Em 2013, o ecologista do Field Museum, Nigel Pitman, e outros cientistas estimaram que existem 16.000 árvores diferentes crescendo na Amazônia. Mas para confirmar esse palpite, quer dizer realmente contar todas as espécies conhecidas.
(Adapted from: htips://wwyw fieldmuseum.org/blog)
(A) How long (refers to "a Time Interval")
(B) When (refers to "Time")
(C) How much (refers to "a quantity" - for things we can't count)
(D) Where (refers to "places")
(E) How many (refers to "quantities"- for things we can count)
>> How many trees are there?
>> There are 16,000 different trees.
➽ 12 COMPOSTOS COM "HOW":
• How much? (Quanto? ou Quanta?)
• How many? (Quantos? ou Quantas?)
• How long? ("Por quanto tempo?, "Quanto tempo" OU "Qual o comprimento de algo?")
• How far? (What's the distance...Qual a distância?)
• How soon? (Quando?)
• How come? (Como assim?)
• How deep? (Qual a profundidade?)
• How heavy? (Qual o peso de algo?)
• How fat? (Qual o peso de alguém?)
• How tall? (Qual a altura?)
• How small? (Qual o tamanho? p/ coisas pequenas)
• How big? (Qual o tamanho? p/ coisas grandes)
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