- Texto (1) – | Brazil's national energy company PETROBRAS ... | www.afrol.com |
- Texto (2) – | Offshore oil discoveries in Brazil to end Middle East Supremacy? | www.resourceinvestor.com |
- Texto (3) – | With oil prices some three times higher than a decade ago, ... | www.douglasawilson.com |
- 20 Multiple Choice Questions | Five-Option Question |
❑ TEXTO 1: This text refers to questions from 31 through 37.
- Texto (1) – | Brazil's national energy company PETROBRAS ... | www.afrol.com |
- Texto (2) – | Offshore oil discoveries in Brazil to end Middle East Supremacy? | www.resourceinvestor.com |
- Texto (3) – | With oil prices some three times higher than a decade ago, ... | www.douglasawilson.com |
- 20 Multiple Choice Questions | Five-Option Question |
[1º PARÁGRAFO]
Brazil's national energy company PETROBRAS finally has demonstrated interest in the upcoming oil exploitation offshore São Tomé and Príncipe, after having been invited to the country for years.
Empresa nacional de energia do Brasil, PETROBRAS finalmente demonstrou interesse na futura exploração de petróleo na costa de São Tomé e Príncipe, após ter sido convidada para o país durante anos.
PETROBRAS, which already operates in neighboring Nigeria and Equatorial Guinea, sent a delegation to negotiate business terms with São Tomé and Príncipe authorities.
A Petrobras, que já opera na vizinha Nigéria e na Guiné Equatorial, enviou uma delegação para negociar termos comerciais com as autoridades de São Tomé e Príncipe.
[2º PARÁGRAFO]
The PETROBRAS delegation went to the fellow Portuguese speaking archipelago before the weekend and had talks with São Toméan Natural Resources Minister Luís Moreira da Silva.
A delegação da PETROBRAS visitou o arquipélago lusófono antes do fim de semana e conversou com o Ministro dos Recursos Naturais de São Tomé e Príncipe, Luís Moreira da Silva.
The aim of the talks, PETROBRAS representatives told the news agency Pana, was to "effectuate businesses as soon as possible".
O objetivo das conversas, disseram representantes da PETROBRAS à agência de notícias Pana, era "efetuar negócios o mais breve possível".
O objetivo das conversas, disseram representantes da PETROBRAS à agência de notícias Pana, era "efetuar negócios o mais breve possível".
[3º PARÁGRAFO]
After the talks, it however remained undisclosed how PETROBRAS was to enter in the São Toméan oil sector.
Após as negociações, no entanto, não foi divulgado como a PETROBRAS entraria no setor petrolífero santomense.
Although invited by the government, PETROBRAS has so far not participated in any bid round to explore or exploit oil in São Toméan waters.
Embora convidada pelo governo, a PETROBRAS não participou, até o momento, de nenhuma rodada de licitações para exploração ou exploração de petróleo em águas santomenses
There were also no tenders from PETROBRAS as seven oil blocks in the joint development zone shared by Nigeria and São Tomé and Príncipe last year were offered to international oil companies.
Também não houve licitações da PETROBRAS, visto que sete blocos petrolíferos na zona de desenvolvimento conjunto compartilhada pela Nigéria e São Tomé e Príncipe foram oferecidos a empresas petrolíferas internacionais no ano passado.
[4º PARÁGRAFO]
For the São Tomé and Príncipe government, it has however been of diplomatic importance to recruit the Brazilian oil giant to its still unexploited offshore oil fields.
Para o governo de São Tomé e Príncipe, no entanto, tem sido de importância diplomática recrutar a gigante petrolífera brasileira para seus campos de petróleo offshore ainda inexplorados.
Brazil and São Tomé and Príncipe are strongly connected in the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries (CPLP), where Portugal and Brazil are the main investors.
Brasil e São Tomé e Príncipe estão fortemente conectados na Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa (CPLP), onde Portugal e Brasil são os principais investidores.
[5º PARÁGRAFO]
During the state visit of Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in São Tomé and Príncipe, in November last year, his counterpart, President Fradique de Menezes, had urged for Brazilian investments in his country’s oil sector.
Durante a visita de Estado do presidente brasileiro Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva a São Tomé e Príncipe, em novembro do ano passado, seu homólogo, o presidente Fradique de Menezes, havia defendido investimentos brasileiros no setor petrolífero de seu país.
The São Toméan President told President Lula that he had been disappointed as there had so far been no bid by PETROBRAS to exploit São Toméan oil.
O presidente santomense disse ao presidente Lula que estava decepcionado, pois até então não havia nenhuma oferta da PETROBRAS para explorar o petróleo santomense.
[6º PARÁGRAFO]
While the Brazilian President at that stage could not promise any future tenders by PETROBRAS, the two Heads of State nevertheless signed an agreement regarding technical aid to develop the São Toméan oil sector.
Embora o Presidente brasileiro não pudesse, naquele momento, prometer futuras licitações pela PETROBRAS, os dois Chefes de Estado assinaram um acordo de assistência técnica para desenvolver o setor petrolífero santomense.
Brazil’s National Petroleum Agency (ANP) since then has assisted São Toméan authorities in creating a legal base for the national oil industry.
Desde então, a Agência Nacional do Petróleo (ANP) tem auxiliado as autoridades santomenses na criação de uma base legal para a indústria petrolífera nacional.
[7º PARÁGRAFO]
The Brazilian government since that is believed to have pressured the PETROBRAS executive to look into business possibilities in São Tomé and Príncipe.
Desde então, acredita-se que o governo brasileiro tenha pressionado o executivo da PETROBRAS a analisar possibilidades de negócios em São Tomé e Príncipe.
PETROBRAS is believed to enter the São Toméan market in cooperation with Chinese partner oil companies that already operate offshore the archipelago.
Acredita-se que a PETROBRAS entrará no mercado são-tomense em cooperação com empresas petrolíferas chinesas parceiras que já operam no litoral do arquipélago.
[8º PARÁGRAFO]
PETROBRAS is already heavily involved in the Gulf of Guinea. Its largest operations in the region are in Angola, accounting for almost 5 percent of the Brazilian company’s foreign oil production.
A PETROBRAS já possui forte atuação no Golfo da Guiné. Suas maiores operações na região estão em Angola, respondendo por quase 5% da produção estrangeira de petróleo da empresa brasileira.
PETROBRAS is also involved offshore Nigeria and in a shared Nigerian-Equatoguinean zone, both operations being close to São Tomé and Príncipe’s offshore zone.
A PETROBRAS também atua no offshore da Nigéria e em uma zona compartilhada entre Nigéria e Guiné Equatorial, ambas as operações próximas à zona offshore de São Tomé e Príncipe.
- Internet: <www.afrol.com> (adapted)
(A) so soon.
(B) until then.
(C) up to now.
(D) since then.
(E) so distant.
(B) until then.
(C) up to now.
(D) since then.
(E) so distant.
• Gabarito C
In the text, "so far" (R.16) is the same as
No texto, "so far" é o mesmo que ...
(A) so soon.
(tão logo, tão cedo.)
(B) until then.
(B) until then.
"até determinado tempo no passado" ou "antes de determinado tempo no futuro"
(C) up to now.
(até agora)
(até agora)
(D) since then.
(desde então)
(E) so distant.
(tão distante, tão remoto)
>> "so far"(até agora) é sinônimo de "up to now", "up until now", "until now", "hitherto".
32 – In the text, "nevertheless" (R.37) means
(A) furthermore.
(B) still less.
(C) although.
(D) forever.
(E) nonetheless.
(A) furthermore.
(B) still less.
(C) although.
(D) forever.
(E) nonetheless.
• Gabarito E
In the text, "nevertheless" (R.37) means
(A) furthermore.
(B) still less.
(C) although.
(D) forever.
(E) nonetheless.
(A) furthermore.
(B) still less.
(C) although.
(D) forever.
(E) nonetheless.
33 – Based on the text, judge the items below.
(A) I and III.
(B) I and V.
(C) II and III.
(D) II and IV.
(E) IV and V.
- I) It took time for PETROBRAS to become interested in the forthcoming oil exploitation offshore São Tomé and Príncipe.
- II) In Africa, PETROBRAS has only been operating in countries that are far away from each other.
- III) PETROBRAS sent a group of delegates to try to reach an agreement with São Toméan authorities.
- IV) Talks between the PETROBRAS’ authorities and a São Toméan minister took place over the weekend.
- V) Pana is supposed to carry out oil exploitation business with the São Toméan’s representatives as soon as it can.
(A) I and III.
(B) I and V.
(C) II and III.
(D) II and IV.
(E) IV and V.
• Gabarito A
Based on the text, judge the items below.
I) It took time for PETROBRAS to become interested in the forthcoming oil exploitation offshore São Tomé and Príncipe.
II) In Africa, PETROBRAS has only been operating in countries that are far away from each other.
III) PETROBRAS sent a group of delegates to try to reach an agreement with São Toméan authorities.
IV) Talks between the PETROBRAS’ authorities and a São Toméan minister took place over the weekend.
V) Pana is supposed to carry out oil exploitation business with the São Toméan’s representatives as soon as it can.
The only true items are
A) I and III.
B) I and V.
C) II and III.
D) II and IV.
E) IV and V.
I) It took time for PETROBRAS to become interested in the forthcoming oil exploitation offshore São Tomé and Príncipe.
II) In Africa, PETROBRAS has only been operating in countries that are far away from each other.
III) PETROBRAS sent a group of delegates to try to reach an agreement with São Toméan authorities.
IV) Talks between the PETROBRAS’ authorities and a São Toméan minister took place over the weekend.
V) Pana is supposed to carry out oil exploitation business with the São Toméan’s representatives as soon as it can.
The only true items are
A) I and III.
B) I and V.
C) II and III.
D) II and IV.
E) IV and V.
34 – According to the text, judge the following items.
I) It is still being discussed how PETROBRAS is to begin to take part in the oil exploitation activities in São Tomé and Príncipe.
II) PETROBRAS has become involved in several bid rounds either to explore or exploit oil in São Toméan waters.
III) Last year, PETROBRAS didn’t make any offer to work in a joint development zone shared by Nigeria and São Tomé and Príncipe.
IV) São Tomé and Príncipe would rather have other international oil companies exploiting or exploring its oil sector than PETROBRAS.
The only true items are
(A) I and II.
(B) I and III.
(C) II and IV.
(D) I, III and IV.
(E) II, III and IV.
• Gabarito B
According to the text, judge the following items.
I) It is still being discussed how PETROBRAS is to begin to take part in the oil exploitation activities in São Tomé and Príncipe.
II) PETROBRAS has become involved in several bid rounds either to explore or exploit oil in São Toméan waters.
III) Last year, PETROBRAS didn’t make any offer to work in a joint development zone shared by Nigeria and São Tomé and Príncipe.
IV) São Tomé and Príncipe would rather have other international oil companies exploiting or exploring its oil sector than PETROBRAS.
The only true items are
(A) I and II.
(B) I and III.
(C) II and IV.
(D) I, III and IV.
(E) II, III and IV.
I) It is still being discussed how PETROBRAS is to begin to take part in the oil exploitation activities in São Tomé and Príncipe.
II) PETROBRAS has become involved in several bid rounds either to explore or exploit oil in São Toméan waters.
III) Last year, PETROBRAS didn’t make any offer to work in a joint development zone shared by Nigeria and São Tomé and Príncipe.
IV) São Tomé and Príncipe would rather have other international oil companies exploiting or exploring its oil sector than PETROBRAS.
The only true items are
(A) I and II.
(B) I and III.
(C) II and IV.
(D) I, III and IV.
(E) II, III and IV.
35 – Based on the text, choose the correct option.
(A) São Tomé and Príncipe depends on Brazil to exploit its oil which lies inland.
(B) President Fradique de Menezes has complained that Brazil is not investing in Africa.
(C) President Menezes said that had felt unhappy because PETROBRAS is yet to make an offer to partake in the exploitation of São Toméan oil.
(D) During the state visit to São Tomé and Príncipe, President Lula made a commitment regarding future tenders by PETROBRAS.
(E) During the presidential visit, no agreement was reached as far as technical assistance was concerned.
• Gabarito C
Based on the text, choose the correct option.
(A) São Tomé and Príncipe depends on Brazil to exploit its oil which lies inland.
(B) President Fradique de Menezes has complained that Brazil is not investing in Africa.
(C) President Menezes said that had felt unhappy because PETROBRAS is yet to make an offer to partake in the exploitation of São Toméan oil.
(D) During the state visit to São Tomé and Príncipe, President Lula made a commitment regarding future tenders by PETROBRAS.
(E) During the presidential visit, no agreement was reached as far as technical assistance was concerned.
(A) São Tomé and Príncipe depends on Brazil to exploit its oil which lies inland.
(B) President Fradique de Menezes has complained that Brazil is not investing in Africa.
(C) President Menezes said that had felt unhappy because PETROBRAS is yet to make an offer to partake in the exploitation of São Toméan oil.
(D) During the state visit to São Tomé and Príncipe, President Lula made a commitment regarding future tenders by PETROBRAS.
(E) During the presidential visit, no agreement was reached as far as technical assistance was concerned.
36 – According to the text,
(A) it is taking time for PETROBRAS to actually come into business with São Tomé and Príncipe.
(B) there seems to be no possibilities for PETROBRAS to exploit São Toméan oil.
(C) PETROBRAS will buy a Chinese oil company in order to exploit São Tomé and Príncipe’s oil.
(D) Brazil and China are both at the same stage in terms of oil exploitation in São Tomé and Príncipe.
(E) there is no reason for Brazil to be reluctant to explore São Toméan offshore oil.
• Gabarito A
According to the text,
(A) it is taking time for PETROBRAS to actually come into business with São Tomé and Príncipe.
(B) there seems to be no possibilities for PETROBRAS to exploit São Toméan oil.
(C) PETROBRAS will buy a Chinese oil company in order to exploit São Tomé and Príncipe’s oil.
(D) Brazil and China are both at the same stage in terms of oil exploitation in São Tomé and Príncipe.
(E) there is no reason for Brazil to be reluctant to explore São Toméan offshore oil.
(A) it is taking time for PETROBRAS to actually come into business with São Tomé and Príncipe.
(B) there seems to be no possibilities for PETROBRAS to exploit São Toméan oil.
(C) PETROBRAS will buy a Chinese oil company in order to exploit São Tomé and Príncipe’s oil.
(D) Brazil and China are both at the same stage in terms of oil exploitation in São Tomé and Príncipe.
(E) there is no reason for Brazil to be reluctant to explore São Toméan offshore oil.
37 – Based on the text, it is correct to say that PETROBRAS
(A) and China are thought to come to work together in São Tomé and Príncipe.
(B) had better exploit São Toméan oil on its own.
(C) seems to be particularly interested in São Toméan oil reserve.
(D) exploits almost 5% of Angola's oil.
(E) has only been operating in areas far away from São Tomé and Príncipe.
• Gabarito A
Based on the text, it is correct to say that PETROBRAS
(A) and China are thought to come to work together in São Tomé and Príncipe.
(B) had better exploit São Toméan oil on its own.
(C) seems to be particularly interested in São Toméan oil reserve.
(D) exploits almost 5% of Angola's oil.
(E) has only been operating in areas far away from São Tomé and Príncipe.
(A) and China are thought to come to work together in São Tomé and Príncipe.
(B) had better exploit São Toméan oil on its own.
(C) seems to be particularly interested in São Toméan oil reserve.
(D) exploits almost 5% of Angola's oil.
(E) has only been operating in areas far away from São Tomé and Príncipe.
Offshore oil discoveries in Brazil to end Middle East Supremacy?
Descobertas de petróleo offshore no Brasil para acabar com a supremacia do Oriente Médio?
[1º PARÁGRAFO]In the last couple of months, several major offshore oil discoveries in Brazil have made headlines. The discovery of two oil fields has given new life to the idea that Brazil could become the world’s largest oil producer in the coming decades.
[2º PARÁGRAFO]
The discovery of the Carioca field, estimated to hold 33 billion barrels, could alone increase Brazil’s future oil production capacity by 1-1.5 million barrels per day (bpd). This would make it the third largest oil field in the world and turn Brazil into the seventh largest producer of oil. In addition, Brazil’s national oil company PETROBRAS reported in November 2007 that the offshore Tupi field may hold 8 billion barrels of recoverable crude.
[3º PARÁGRAFO]
Western news sources have been buzzing with the idea that Brazil could become an energy source large enough to undermine the current supremacy of the Middle East. The need for the U.S. and Europe to diversify away from current oil suppliers is obvious; these suppliers are largely based in instable and growingly anti-Western regions, such as the Middle East, North Africa and West Africa. Brazil, as one of the leading Latin American economies, is still considered to be one of the most stable oil producing regions.
[4º PARÁGRAFO]
Peter Zeihan, VP analysis at Strategic Forecasting, believes that Brazil’s discoveries of what may be two of the world’s three biggest oil finds in the past 30 years could help end the Western Hemisphere’s reliance on Middle East crude. He indicated that the new discoveries would result in a decrease of Saudi Arabia’s position as largest oil producer and exporter.
[5º PARÁGRAFO]
The position taken by Strategic Forecasting’s Zeihan is based on the belief that Brazil will be pumping “several million” barrels of crude daily by 2020, but an increase of 1-1.5 million bpd in crude oil production is just a drop in the ocean. At present, the Gulf region transports about 17-18 million bpd to world markets. Total global demand is predicted to be about 112-115 million bpd, with around 55-60 million bpd produced by OPEC to counter lower production in other regions.
[6º PARÁGRAFO]
To end the Middle Eastern supremacy, the world will need, in addition to the Brazilian discoveries, a tripling of Canadian oil sands output and higher fuel efficiency. The U.S. alone imports around 10 million bpd of crude oil, showing that Brazil’s 1-1.5 million bpd could only supply 10%-15% of imports. And this percentage would decrease as import volumes are increased if and when the American economy recovers. So as long as Gulf-based producers are still supplying around 23% of total U.S. imports, the need for stability in the Middle East will remain.
(A) several months ago, discoveries of important offshore oil reserves made Brazil hit international headlines.
(B) Brazil will be the largest oil producer all over the world by the middle of next year.
(C) today’s Brazil capability of producing oil reaches about 1-1.5 million barrels per day.
(D) by the end of last year, PETROBRAS announced that Tupi field may contain 8 billion barrels of recoverable crude.
(E) at present, Brazil is the third largest oil producer in the world.
Internet: <www.resourceinvestor.com> (adapted)
38 – According to the text,(A) several months ago, discoveries of important offshore oil reserves made Brazil hit international headlines.
(B) Brazil will be the largest oil producer all over the world by the middle of next year.
(C) today’s Brazil capability of producing oil reaches about 1-1.5 million barrels per day.
(D) by the end of last year, PETROBRAS announced that Tupi field may contain 8 billion barrels of recoverable crude.
(E) at present, Brazil is the third largest oil producer in the world.
• Gabarito D
According to the text,
(A) several months ago, discoveries of important offshore oil reserves made Brazil hit international headlines.
(B) Brazil will be the largest oil producer all over the world by the middle of next year.
(C) today’s Brazil capability of producing oil reaches about 1-1.5 million barrels per day.
(D) by the end of last year, PETROBRAS announced that Tupi field may contain 8 billion barrels of recoverable crude.
(E) at present, Brazil is the third largest oil producer in the world.
(A) several months ago, discoveries of important offshore oil reserves made Brazil hit international headlines.
(B) Brazil will be the largest oil producer all over the world by the middle of next year.
(C) today’s Brazil capability of producing oil reaches about 1-1.5 million barrels per day.
(D) by the end of last year, PETROBRAS announced that Tupi field may contain 8 billion barrels of recoverable crude.
(E) at present, Brazil is the third largest oil producer in the world.
39 – Based on the text, choose the incorrect option.
(A) Western media sources have been considering the possibility that Brazil could weaken the present leadership of the Middle East in terms of oil production.
(B) Some mid eastern producers are unstable and are not friendly towards the USA or Europe.
(C) Brazil, one of the main Latin American economies, is taken as a steady oil producing region.
(D) Peter Zeihan defends the idea that discoveries in Brazil could help to finish the Occident dependence on some mid-eastern countries.
(E) Europe and the USA will soon be self-sufficient in oil production.
• Gabarito E
Based on the text, choose the incorrect option.
(A) Western media sources have been considering the possibility that Brazil could weaken the present leadership of the Middle East in terms of oil production.
(B) Some mid eastern producers are unstable and are not friendly towards the USA or Europe.
(C) Brazil, one of the main Latin American economies, is taken as a steady oil producing region.
(D) Peter Zeihan defends the idea that discoveries in Brazil could help to finish the Occident dependence on some mid-eastern countries.
(E) Europe and the USA will soon be self-sufficient in oil production.
(A) Western media sources have been considering the possibility that Brazil could weaken the present leadership of the Middle East in terms of oil production.
(B) Some mid eastern producers are unstable and are not friendly towards the USA or Europe.
(C) Brazil, one of the main Latin American economies, is taken as a steady oil producing region.
(D) Peter Zeihan defends the idea that discoveries in Brazil could help to finish the Occident dependence on some mid-eastern countries.
(E) Europe and the USA will soon be self-sufficient in oil production.
40 – Based on what is stated in the text, it can be deduced that
I) in terms of oil production an increase in Brazilian production can bring about changes in Saudi Arabia’s current position.
II) even if there’s an augmentation of 1-1.5 million bpd in Brazil’s oil production by 2020, it shouldn’t suffice the international demand.
III) OPEC is expected to produce about 50% of the total global demand for oil by 2020.
IV) OPEC is responsible for lowering the oil production of other regions.
V) 55-60 million bpd will be the total oil production by 2020.
The total number of true items is
(A) 1.
(B) 2.
(C) 3.
(D) 4.
(E) 5.
I) in terms of oil production an increase in Brazilian production can bring about changes in Saudi Arabia’s current position.
II) even if there’s an augmentation of 1-1.5 million bpd in Brazil’s oil production by 2020, it shouldn’t suffice the international demand.
III) OPEC is expected to produce about 50% of the total global demand for oil by 2020.
IV) OPEC is responsible for lowering the oil production of other regions.
V) 55-60 million bpd will be the total oil production by 2020.
The total number of true items is
(A) 1.
(B) 2.
(C) 3.
(D) 4.
(E) 5.
• Gabarito C
Based on what is stated in the text, it can be deduced that
I) in terms of oil production an increase in Brazilian production can bring about changes in Saudi Arabia’s current position.
II) even if there’s an augmentation of 1-1.5 million bpd in Brazil’s oil production by 2020, it shouldn’t suffice the international demand.
III) OPEC is expected to produce about 50% of the total global demand for oil by 2020.
IV) OPEC is responsible for lowering the oil production of other regions.
V) 55-60 million bpd will be the total oil production by 2020.
The total number of true items is
(A) 1.
(B) 2.
(C) 3.
(D) 4.
(E) 5.
I) in terms of oil production an increase in Brazilian production can bring about changes in Saudi Arabia’s current position.
II) even if there’s an augmentation of 1-1.5 million bpd in Brazil’s oil production by 2020, it shouldn’t suffice the international demand.
III) OPEC is expected to produce about 50% of the total global demand for oil by 2020.
IV) OPEC is responsible for lowering the oil production of other regions.
V) 55-60 million bpd will be the total oil production by 2020.
The total number of true items is
(A) 1.
(B) 2.
(C) 3.
(D) 4.
(E) 5.
41 – Based on what is found in the text, choose the correct option.
(A) The mid eastern countries have the monopoly of oilproduction.
(B) The text confirms that Brazil alone can supply around 10 million bpd to the USA.
(C) At present, the USA exports about 10 million bpd of crude oil.
(D) Brazilian exports to the U.S. will most certainly decrease.
(E) American economy depends on the stability of the Gulfbased countries.
• Gabarito E
Based on what is found in the text, choose the correct option.
(A) The mid eastern countries have the monopoly of oilproduction.
(B) The text confirms that Brazil alone can supply around 10 million bpd to the USA.
(C) At present, the USA exports about 10 million bpd of crude oil.
(D) Brazilian exports to the U.S. will most certainly decrease.
(E) American economy depends on the stability of the Gulfbased countries.
(A) The mid eastern countries have the monopoly of oilproduction.
(B) The text confirms that Brazil alone can supply around 10 million bpd to the USA.
(C) At present, the USA exports about 10 million bpd of crude oil.
(D) Brazilian exports to the U.S. will most certainly decrease.
(E) American economy depends on the stability of the Gulfbased countries.
42 – In the text, “largely” (R.18) means
(A) most completely.
(B) completely.
(C) less completely.
(D) as completely as.
(E) almost completely.
• Gabarito E
In the text, “largely” (R.18) means
(A) most completely.
(B) completely.
(C) less completely.
(D) as completely as.
(E) almost completely.
(A) most completely.
(B) completely.
(C) less completely.
(D) as completely as.
(E) almost completely.
(A) big amount.
(B) large amount.
(C) great amount.
(D) huge amount.
(E) small amount
• Gabarito E
In the text, the expression “drop in the ocean” (R.33-34) means
No texto, a expressão “gota no oceano” (R.33-34) significa
(A) big amount.
(B) large amount.
(C) great amount.
(D) huge amount.
(E) small amount
(A) big amount.
(B) large amount.
(C) great amount.
(D) huge amount.
(E) small amount
❑ TEXTO 3: This text refers to questions from 44 through 50.
[1º PARÁGRAFO]
With oil prices some three times higher than a decade
ago, and access to more than half of the petroleum reserves on
the planet beneath nations vulnerable to the whims of political influences, it’s understandable that Americans want
Washington to free them of dependence on foreign energy.
Understandable — but misguided. The goal of energy
7 independence is simply an illusion in an age of global
interdependence. The goal of U.S. energy security through
diversification is not. Start with a reality check. In 1974, when
10 President Nixon first called for energy independence,
America was importing about six million barrels of oil a day
from other countries — a bit more than one-third of
13 consumption. Today, daily imports are around 14 million
barrels, almost two-thirds of consumption. The Bush
administration’s prescription, more rapid exploitation of
16 America’s own dwindling reserves, could make a difference.
But not a big difference: a combination of stepped-up
production from offshore wells and successful exploitation of
19 reserves in the Arctic Wildlife Refuge could pare dependence
on foreign oil by, at most, a few percentage points over the
next few decades. The priorities of the domestic oil industry shouldn’t be confused with the priorities of the nation.
[2º PARÁGRAFO]
The inherent limits of domestic oil exploitation have
led many to embrace alternative fuels. Indeed, just about the
25 time Richard Nixon was promising to slash oil imports, Brazil
was actually working to make it happen. Today, thanks to a
mix of generous subsidies to stimulate ethanol production
28 from sugar cane and mandates requiring that cars be equipped
to run on alcohol, only about half the fuel burned by cars in
Brazil is petroleum-based.
[3º PARÁGRAFO]
But the payoff to Brazil’s Herculean effort has been
less salutary than is sometimes advertised. Since alcohol is not
an adequate substitute for either diesel fuel or heating oil,
34 ethanol comprises less than 20% of the liquid fuels used in the
country. And that modicum of independence has come at a
substantial cost in terms of government subsidies, higher
37 automobile and fuel prices for motorists and environmental
damage to ecologically fragile agricultural land.
[4º PARÁGRAFO]
Gearing up to make large quantities of ethanol from
40 corn in the U.S. is likely to be equally problematic. An
explosion in demand for corn to make fuel has already raised
corn prices — increases that will ripple through the economy
43 in higher prices for everything from hamburger to coke. And
some truly unintended consequences are already being felt:
the price of tortillas, the staple food of Mexico’s poor, has
46 gone up.
[5º PARÁGRAFO]
In a way, though, this sobering news is beside the
point. The very idea of energy independence clashes with
49 the realities of globalization. Suppose, for the moment that
accelerated exploitation of domestic oil reserves,
technological advances in alternative fuels and a sea change
52 in Americans’ enthusiasm for energy conservation made it
possible to power the economy without imported oil. Would
we be free of dependence on foreign oil in any meaningful
55 sense?
- Internet: <www.douglasawilson.com> (adapted)
A) above.
B) near.
C) over.
D) behind.
E) underneath.
• Gabarito E
In the text, “beneath” (R.3) is the same as
No texto, “abaixo” é o mesmo que
A) above.
B) near.
C) over.
D) behind.
E) underneath.
A) above.
B) near.
C) over.
D) behind.
E) underneath.
45 – In the text, “likely” (R.40) could be replaced, without changing the meaning, by
(A) expected.
(B) definitely.
(C) lovely.
(D) certainly.
(E) obviously.
(A) expected.
(B) definitely.
(C) lovely.
(D) certainly.
(E) obviously.
• Gabarito A
In the text, “likely” (R.40) could be replaced, without changing the meaning, by
No texto, “provável” poderia ser substituído, sem alteração do sentido, por
(A) expected.
(B) definitely.
(C) lovely.
(D) certainly.
(E) obviously.
(A) expected.
(B) definitely.
(C) lovely.
(D) certainly.
(E) obviously.
46 – Based on the text, choose the correct option.
(A) Oil prices have doubled three times as much all along the last ten years.
(B) Western countries do not need the petroleum found in Middle Eastern countries.
(C) Washington succeeded in getting free from its dependence on foreign energy.
(D) The goal of energy independence is understandable but, for the author of the text, it is an illusion.
(E) President Nixon was the only person to worry about the North American energy independence.
• Gabarito D
Based on the text, choose the correct option.
(A) Oil prices have doubled three times as much all along the last ten years.
(B) Western countries do not need the petroleum found in Middle Eastern countries.
(C) Washington succeeded in getting free from its dependence on foreign energy.
(D) The goal of energy independence is understandable but, for the author of the text, it is an illusion.
(E) President Nixon was the only person to worry about the North American energy independence.
(A) Oil prices have doubled three times as much all along the last ten years.
(B) Western countries do not need the petroleum found in Middle Eastern countries.
(C) Washington succeeded in getting free from its dependence on foreign energy.
(D) The goal of energy independence is understandable but, for the author of the text, it is an illusion.
(E) President Nixon was the only person to worry about the North American energy independence.
47 – Based on the text, it can be said that
(A) America today imports more than three times as much the amount of oil it used to by the mid seventies.
(B) currently, the U.S. imports two-thirds of its consumption everyday.
(C) the Bush administration officially determined a slower exploitation of America’s own oil reserves.
(D) ethanol from corn will reduce external dependence of the U.S. on foreign oil during the decades to come.
(E) the priorities of the nation may be mixed up with the priorities of the domestic oil industry.
(A) America today imports more than three times as much the amount of oil it used to by the mid seventies.
(B) currently, the U.S. imports two-thirds of its consumption everyday.
(C) the Bush administration officially determined a slower exploitation of America’s own oil reserves.
(D) ethanol from corn will reduce external dependence of the U.S. on foreign oil during the decades to come.
(E) the priorities of the nation may be mixed up with the priorities of the domestic oil industry.
• Gabarito E
Based on the text, it can be said that
(A) America today imports more than three times as much the amount of oil it used to by the mid seventies.
(B) currently, the U.S. imports two-thirds of its consumption everyday.
(C) the Bush administration officially determined a slower exploitation of America’s own oil reserves.
(D) ethanol from corn will reduce external dependence of the U.S. on foreign oil during the decades to come.
(E) the priorities of the nation may be mixed up with the priorities of the domestic oil industry.
(A) America today imports more than three times as much the amount of oil it used to by the mid seventies.
(B) currently, the U.S. imports two-thirds of its consumption everyday.
(C) the Bush administration officially determined a slower exploitation of America’s own oil reserves.
(D) ethanol from corn will reduce external dependence of the U.S. on foreign oil during the decades to come.
(E) the priorities of the nation may be mixed up with the priorities of the domestic oil industry.
48 – According to the text, it can be said that
I) alternative fuels will be a substitute for petroleum.
II) Brazil was already doing what Nixon was pledging.
III) Brazil succeeded in reducing its petroleum based fuel consumption by cars by around 50%.
IV) Brazilian tremendous effort to produce ethanol is as salutary as it is announced.
V) alcohol is neither suitable to replace diesel fuel nor heating oil.
The total number of true items is
A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) 4.
E) 5.
I) alternative fuels will be a substitute for petroleum.
II) Brazil was already doing what Nixon was pledging.
III) Brazil succeeded in reducing its petroleum based fuel consumption by cars by around 50%.
IV) Brazilian tremendous effort to produce ethanol is as salutary as it is announced.
V) alcohol is neither suitable to replace diesel fuel nor heating oil.
The total number of true items is
A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) 4.
E) 5.
• Gabarito C
According to the text, it can be said that
I) alternative fuels will be a substitute for petroleum.
II) Brazil was already doing what Nixon was pledging.
III) Brazil succeeded in reducing its petroleum based fuel consumption by cars by around 50%.
IV) Brazilian tremendous effort to produce ethanol is as salutary as it is announced.
V) alcohol is neither suitable to replace diesel fuel nor heating oil.
The total number of true items is
A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) 4.
E) 5.
I) alternative fuels will be a substitute for petroleum.
II) Brazil was already doing what Nixon was pledging.
III) Brazil succeeded in reducing its petroleum based fuel consumption by cars by around 50%.
IV) Brazilian tremendous effort to produce ethanol is as salutary as it is announced.
V) alcohol is neither suitable to replace diesel fuel nor heating oil.
The total number of true items is
A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) 4.
E) 5.
(A) About 80% of the liquid fuels used in Brazil come from ethanol.
(B) No disadvantages can be found in the use of ethanol when compared with the use of petroleum.
(C) The use of great quantities of ethanol may also be harmful.
(D) Corn prices will become lower once the demand for it increases.
(E) There is no relation whatsoever between the price of corn and that of hamburgers.
• Gabarito C
Based on the text, choose the correct option.
(A) About 80% of the liquid fuels used in Brazil come from ethanol.
(B) No disadvantages can be found in the use of ethanol when compared with the use of petroleum.
(C) The use of great quantities of ethanol may also be harmful.
(D) Corn prices will become lower once the demand for it increases.
(E) There is no relation whatsoever between the price of corn and that of hamburgers.
(A) About 80% of the liquid fuels used in Brazil come from ethanol.
(B) No disadvantages can be found in the use of ethanol when compared with the use of petroleum.
(C) The use of great quantities of ethanol may also be harmful.
(D) Corn prices will become lower once the demand for it increases.
(E) There is no relation whatsoever between the price of corn and that of hamburgers.
50 – According to the text, it can be concluded that
(A) the American serious worry about becoming independent of foreign oil is pointless, in a way.
(B) energy independence and globalization are not related issues.
(C) the fast exploitation of domestic oil will make it possible for the USA to get rid of foreign imports.
(D) American’s will is all that is required to overcome the difficulties in importing oil.
(E) the USA is able to get free from foreign oil.
(A) the American serious worry about becoming independent of foreign oil is pointless, in a way.
(B) energy independence and globalization are not related issues.
(C) the fast exploitation of domestic oil will make it possible for the USA to get rid of foreign imports.
(D) American’s will is all that is required to overcome the difficulties in importing oil.
(E) the USA is able to get free from foreign oil.
• Gabarito A
According to the text, it can be concluded that
(A) the American serious worry about becoming independent of foreign oil is pointless, in a way.
(B) energy independence and globalization are not related issues.
(C) the fast exploitation of domestic oil will make it possible for the USA to get rid of foreign imports.
(D) American’s will is all that is required to overcome the difficulties in importing oil.
(E) the USA is able to get free from foreign oil.
(A) the American serious worry about becoming independent of foreign oil is pointless, in a way.
(B) energy independence and globalization are not related issues.
(C) the fast exploitation of domestic oil will make it possible for the USA to get rid of foreign imports.
(D) American’s will is all that is required to overcome the difficulties in importing oil.
(E) the USA is able to get free from foreign oil.
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