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❑ 
PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:• FGV/VESTIBULAR-2009.1-PROCESSO SELETIVO-1º SEMESTRE-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECONOMIA-SP.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
• 15 MCQs (Multiple Choice Question) / 5 Options Each Question.
- Texto (1) – | Half the nation, a hundred million citizens strong | www.economist.com |
- Texto (2) – | UN study finds Brazil’s working conditions unsatisfactory | news.xinhuanet.com |
- Texto (3) – | Official: Brazil may build new São Paulo airport | www.reuters.com |
PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO
❑ PROVA:
❑ PROVA:
➧TÓPICOS ABORDADOS ao longo da prova:
1-VERBS:
• [to favour = favor (US)= prefer = preferir, favorecer]
• [It remains hard to define = Continua difícil de definir]
• [to mute = silenciar, calar]
• [to reshape = remodelar, mudar]
2-PHRASAL VERBS - USES:
• [to favour something1 over something2 = preferir algo1 e não algo2, ou prefirir algo em detrimento de outra coisa]
• [people ... would tend to favour the centre-left Party of Brazilian Social Democracy over Workers’ Party = pessoas ... tenderiam a favorecer o Partido da Social-Democracia Brasileira de centro-esquerda em vez do Partido dos Trabalhadores]
3-PERFECT TENSE - USES:
• [it has borne the hopes for progress = ela alimentou as esperanças de progresso]
• [it has increased from 44% to 52% = aumentou/passou de 44% para 52%]
• [the country’s income inequality has lessened = a desigualdade de renda do país diminuiu]
4-MODAL VERBS - USES:
• [it may still be poor = ainda pode ser ruim]
• [may end up bolstering a party that = possa acabar apoiando um partido que]
5-NOUN:
• [attempts = tentativas]
• [climbing(kláimén) = ascension = escalada, ascensão, subida]
• [feature = característica]
• [inequality = imbalance = desigualdade, desequilíbrio]
• [motorbike =moto]
• [ownership = posse]
• [politicians = políticos]
• [polls = pesquisas]
6-ADJECTIVES:
• [ = ]
7-ADVERBS:
• [mainly = principalmente, sobretudo]
• [meanwhile = enquanto isso]
• [previously = anteriormente, antes]
8-NOUN PHRASES(Adjective+noun):
• [a larger middle class = uma classe média maior]
• [a middle-class country = um país de classe média]
• [available jobs = empregos disponíveis]
• [economic growth = crescimento econômico]
• [the factory smoke = a fumaça das fábricas]
• [the middle class = a classe média]
• [This social climbing = Essa ascensão social]
9-IDIOMS(Expressões Idiomáticas):
• [it is catching the politicians’ attention = está chamando a atenção dos políticos.]
10-COLLOCATIONS:
• [Ever since = Desde que]
• [in its own image = à sua própria imagem]
• [in the early 1990s = no início dos anos 1990]
• [in the previous 12 months = nos 12 meses anteriores]
• [just over three more years = pouco mais de três anos a mais]
• [Yet according to = No entanto, de acordo com]
• [until fairly recently = até bem recentemente]
11-TECHNICAL ENGLISH(Military English, Business English, Finance English and so on):
• [a pollster = um pesquisador]
• [households = famílias]
• [income bracket = faixa de renda]
• [monthly income = renda mensal]
• [Past polling = Pesquisas anteriores]
• [shopkeepers = lojistas]
• [the ballot box = a urna eleitoral]
• [the working class = a classe trabalhadora]
12-CONNECTORES AND LINKERS:
• [ = ]
13-GENITIVE CASE:
• [Brazil’s working conditions unsatisfactory = condições de trabalho do Brasil insatisfatórias]
• [the country’s cities = as cidades urbanas]
• [western Europe’s industrialising nations = nações em industrialização da Europa Ocidental]
• [workers’ average incomes = renda média dos trabalhadores]
14-FALSE COGNATES:
• [ = ]
➧Agora vamos à PROVA!
TEXTO 1:
Leia o texto e responda às questões de números 76 a 82.
Half the nation, a hundred million citizens strong
Sep 11th 2008
1
2
This social climbing is a feature mainly of the country’s cities, reversing two decades of stagnation that began at the start of the 1980s. Marcelo Neri of FGV suggests two factors behind the change. The first is education. The quality of teaching in Brazil’s schools may still be poor, but those aged 15-21 now spend on average just over three more years studying than their counterparts did in the early 1990s.
3
The second is a migration of jobs from the informal “black” economy to the formal economy. The rate of formal job creation is accelerating, with 40% more created in the year to this July than in the previous 12 months, which itself set a record. Together with cash transfers to poor families, this helps to explain why—in contrast with economic and social development in India or China—as Brazil’s middle class has grown, so the country’s income inequality has lessened.
To the ballot box
4
What impact will a larger middle class have on politics? Past polling suggests people in this income bracket would tend to favour the centre-left Party of Brazilian Social Democracy (PSDB) of former president Fernando Henrique Cardoso over Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva’s Workers’ Party (PT).
5
Yet according to Mauro Paulino of Datafolha, a pollster, Lula’s personal popularity and his government’s social programmes have disturbed this equation. “Those who have moved up from class D to C and experienced help from the government along the way, are likely to stick with the PT,” he says. David Fleischer of the University of Brasilia has calculated that PT candidates, or those allied with the party, are at present ahead in 20 out of 26 mayoral races for state capitals in next month’s municipal elections.
6
The middle class has meanwhile reshaped the PT in its own image: the party’s wilder economic rhetoric is now muted. It also has to pay attention to a group of voters that has risen into the middle class and brought with it socially-conservative attitudes towards abortion and gay marriage. But it remains ironic that this great social transformation, which has been brought about in part by greater openness to trade with the rest of the world, may end up bolstering a party that, until fairly recently, favoured autarky.
According to the text, in Brazil, the middle class
a) has been shrinking since 2002.
b) currently comprises more than half of the population.
c) presents extremes such as an income ranging from 600 reais to 4,561 reais.
d) describes people who work either in formal or informal economy and own a car or motorbike.
e) has been recently defined by politicians, economists and shopkeepers.
What impact will a larger middle class have on politics? Past polling suggests people in this income bracket would tend to favour the centre-left Party of Brazilian Social Democracy (PSDB) of former president Fernando Henrique Cardoso over Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva’s Workers’ Party (PT).
5
Yet according to Mauro Paulino of Datafolha, a pollster, Lula’s personal popularity and his government’s social programmes have disturbed this equation. “Those who have moved up from class D to C and experienced help from the government along the way, are likely to stick with the PT,” he says. David Fleischer of the University of Brasilia has calculated that PT candidates, or those allied with the party, are at present ahead in 20 out of 26 mayoral races for state capitals in next month’s municipal elections.
6
The middle class has meanwhile reshaped the PT in its own image: the party’s wilder economic rhetoric is now muted. It also has to pay attention to a group of voters that has risen into the middle class and brought with it socially-conservative attitudes towards abortion and gay marriage. But it remains ironic that this great social transformation, which has been brought about in part by greater openness to trade with the rest of the world, may end up bolstering a party that, until fairly recently, favoured autarky.
(www.economist.com/world/americas/PrinterFriendly.cfm?
story_id=12208726. Adaptado)
👉 Questão 76 :According to the text, in Brazil, the middle class
a) has been shrinking since 2002.
b) currently comprises more than half of the population.
c) presents extremes such as an income ranging from 600 reais to 4,561 reais.
d) describes people who work either in formal or informal economy and own a car or motorbike.
e) has been recently defined by politicians, economists and shopkeepers.
• ANSWER (B)
According to the text, in Brazil, the middle class
a) has been shrinking since 2002.(está encolhendo desde 2002.)
a) has been shrinking since 2002.(está encolhendo desde 2002.)
b) currently comprises more than half of the population.(atualmente compreende mais da metade da população.)
c) presents extremes such as an income ranging from 600 reais to 4,561 reais.(a classe média apresenta extremos como uma renda que varia de R $ 600 a R $ 4.561.)
d) describes people who work either in formal or informal economy and own a car or motorbike.(descreve pessoas que trabalham na economia formal ou informal e possuem um carro ou motocicleta.)
e) has been recently defined by politicians, economists and shopkeepers.(foi recentemente definido por políticos, economistas e lojistas.)
- A questão 31 objetiva identificar relações semânticas entre partes do texto, identificar informações que tenha suporte no artigo, expressões semanticamente equivalentes.
- EXPLANATION:
1) A alternativa (a) sugere que a classe média 'has been shrinking since 2002.'
- O que contradiz o trecho:
'[...] But in Brazil, the middle class describes those with a job in the formal economy, access to credit and ownership of a car or motorbike... this means households with a monthly income ranging from 1,064 reais ($600) to 4,561 reais. Since 2002...the proportion of the population that fits this description has increased from 44% to 52%.'
- Portanto, a classe média 'has increased' e não 'has been shrinking'.
2) A alternativa (b) sugere que a classe média 'currently comprises more than half of the population'.
- O que confirma o trecho:
'[...] But in Brazil, the middle class describes those with a job in the formal economy, access to credit and ownership of a car or motorbike...the proportion of the population that fits this description has increased from 44% to 52%.'
- 'more than half of the population' e 'from 44% to 52%.' são expressões semanticamente equivalentes no contexto aqui.
3) A alternativa (c) sugere que a classe média 'presents extremes such as an income ranging from 600 reais to 4,561 reais.'
- O que contradiz o trecho:
'[...] But in Brazil, the middle class describes those with a job in the formal economy, access to credit and ownership of a car or motorbike... this means households with a monthly income ranging from 1,064 reais ($600) to 4,561 reais.
- Segundo o texto, a renda mensal variando de R $ 1.064 a R $ 4.561 é um avanço por parte da classe média e não um extremo apresentada por ela.
4) A alternativa (d) sugere que a classe média 'describes people who work either in formal or informal economy and own a car or motorbike.'
- O que contradiz o trecho:
'[...] But in Brazil, the middle class describes those with a job in the formal economy, access to credit and ownership of a car or motorbike...
- "those with a job in the formal economy" e 'people who work either in formal or informal economy' são expressões que transmitem ideias diferentes, portanto afirmativa (d) eliminada.
5) A alternativa (e) sugere que a classe média 'has been recently defined by politicians, economists and shopkeepers.'
- O que contradiz o trecho:
'[...] Ever since it was first spotted amid the factory smoke of western Europe’s industrialising nations, the middle class has borne the hopes for progress of politicians, economists and shopkeepers alike. It remains hard to define, and attempts to do so often seem arbitrary.'
- O texto refere-se a classe média européia que alimentou as esperanças de progresso de políticos, economistas e lojistas. Continua difícil definir e as tentativas de fazer muitas vezes parecem arbitrárias.
👉 Questão 77 :
According to information provided by the text, Brazila) is still known for its extreme inequality.
b) has a social class distribution that remains hard to define.
c) now has a middle class proportion of the population ranging from 44% to 52%.
d) is an industrializing nation and the working class is catching the politicians’ attention.
e) has shown an increase in middle class percentage, mainly in urban population.
b) has a social class distribution that remains hard to define.
c) now has a middle class proportion of the population ranging from 44% to 52%.
d) is an industrializing nation and the working class is catching the politicians’ attention.
e) has shown an increase in middle class percentage, mainly in urban population.
• ANSWER (E)
According to information provided by the text, Brazil
According to information provided by the text, Brazil
a) is still known for its extreme inequality.(ainda é conhecido por sua extrema desigualdade.)
b) has a social class distribution that remains hard to define.(tem uma distribuição de classe social que ainda é difícil de definir.)
c) now has a middle class proportion of the population ranging from 44% to 52%.(agora tem uma proporção de classe média da população que varia de 44% a 52%.)
d) is an industrializing nation and the working class is catching the politicians’ attention.(é uma nação em processo de industrialização e a classe trabalhadora está chamando a atenção dos políticos.)
e) has shown an increase in middle class percentage, mainly in urban population.(tem mostrado um aumento na porcentagem da classe média, principalmente na população urbana.)
👉 Questão 78 :b) has a social class distribution that remains hard to define.(tem uma distribuição de classe social que ainda é difícil de definir.)
c) now has a middle class proportion of the population ranging from 44% to 52%.(agora tem uma proporção de classe média da população que varia de 44% a 52%.)
d) is an industrializing nation and the working class is catching the politicians’ attention.(é uma nação em processo de industrialização e a classe trabalhadora está chamando a atenção dos políticos.)
e) has shown an increase in middle class percentage, mainly in urban population.(tem mostrado um aumento na porcentagem da classe média, principalmente na população urbana.)
The factors that influenced the middle class uprising are
a) migration from informal to formal economy and education.
b) ownership of a car or motorbike due to lack of public transport.
c) per capita monthly income ranging from 1,064 reais to 4,561 reais.
d) that 44% to 52% of the population has left classes D and C.
e) those who were aged from 15 to 21 in the 1990s are now taking jobs in the formal economy.
• ANSWER (A)
- Os fatores que influenciaram o levante(uprising) da classe média são...
a) migration from informal to formal economy and education.(a migração da economia informal para a formal e educação.)
b) ownership of a car or motorbike due to lack of public transport.(posse de carro ou moto por falta de transporte público.)
c) per capita monthly income ranging from 1,064 reais to 4,561 reais.(renda per capita mensal variando de R $ 1.064 a R $ 4.561.)
d) that 44% to 52% of the population has left classes D and C.(que 44% a 52% da população deixou as classes D e C.)
e) those who were aged from 15 to 21 in the 1990s are now taking jobs in the formal economy.(aqueles que tinham entre 15 e 21 anos na década de 1990 agora estão conseguindo empregos na economia formal.)
👉 Questão 79 :
A palavra alike no trecho do primeiro parágrafo do texto — the middle class has borne the hopes for progress of politicians, economists and shopkeepers alike.— indica uma idéia de
a) ordenação.
b) ênfase.
c) enumeração.
A palavra alike no trecho do primeiro parágrafo do texto — the middle class has borne the hopes for progress of politicians, economists and shopkeepers alike.— indica uma idéia de
a) ordenação.
b) ênfase.
c) enumeração.
d) similitude.
e) preferência.
e) preferência.
• ANSWER (D)
a) ordenação.
a) ordenação.
b) ênfase.
c) enumeração.
d) similitude.
e) preferência.
➦ALIKE indica ideia de igualmente, da mesma forma.
👉 Questão 80 :
No trecho do primeiro parágrafo do texto — It remains hard to define, and attempts to do so often seem arbitrary. — a expressão to do so
a) refere-se a middle class in Brazil.
b) refere-se a seem arbitrary.
c) define middle class.
d) refere-se a middle class in western Europe.
e) refere-se a hard to define.
c) enumeração.
d) similitude.
e) preferência.
➦ALIKE indica ideia de igualmente, da mesma forma.
👉 Questão 80 :
No trecho do primeiro parágrafo do texto — It remains hard to define, and attempts to do so often seem arbitrary. — a expressão to do so
a) refere-se a middle class in Brazil.
b) refere-se a seem arbitrary.
c) define middle class.
d) refere-se a middle class in western Europe.
e) refere-se a hard to define.
• ANSWER (C)
- No texto:
'[...] ...the middle class has borne the hopes for progress of politicians, economists and shopkeepers alike. It remains hard to define, and attempts to do so often seem arbitrary.'
(...a classe média alimentou as esperanças de progresso de políticos, economistas e lojistas. Ela (a classe média) continua difícil de definir e as tentativas de fazer isso muitas vezes parecem arbitrárias.Ela fica difícil de definir e as tentativas de fazer isso muitas vezes parecem arbitrárias.)
- No texto:
'[...] ...the middle class has borne the hopes for progress of politicians, economists and shopkeepers alike. It remains hard to define, and attempts to do so often seem arbitrary.'
(...a classe média alimentou as esperanças de progresso de políticos, economistas e lojistas. Ela (a classe média) continua difícil de definir e as tentativas de fazer isso muitas vezes parecem arbitrárias.Ela fica difícil de definir e as tentativas de fazer isso muitas vezes parecem arbitrárias.)
- 'to do so' means to act in the way mentioned.(CAMBRIDGE DICTIONARY)
- 'to do so' significa 'agir da maneira mencionada', 'agir de tal forma', 'de fazer isso'.
- No contexto acima, 'to do so' é o mesmo que 'definir a classe média'.
👉 Questão 81 :
In Brazil, according to polls, the middle class
a) used to favour PSDB instead of PT; however, this trend has changed.
b) includes classes D and C and both will probably vote for PT candidates.
c) will define next municipal elections in 26 state capitals.
d) considers Lula’s image acceptable but would rather choose Fernando Henrique for president.
e) greatly benefits from the governmental social programs but still considers them insufficient.
In Brazil, according to polls, the middle class
a) used to favour PSDB instead of PT; however, this trend has changed.
b) includes classes D and C and both will probably vote for PT candidates.
c) will define next municipal elections in 26 state capitals.
d) considers Lula’s image acceptable but would rather choose Fernando Henrique for president.
e) greatly benefits from the governmental social programs but still considers them insufficient.
• ANSWER (A)
- No Brasil, segundo pesquisas, a classe média...
a) used to favour PSDB instead of PT; however, this trend has changed.(costumava favorecer o PSDB em vez do PT; no entanto, essa tendência mudou.)
b) includes classes D and C and both will probably vote for PT candidates.(inclui as classes D e C e ambas provavelmente votarão em candidatos do PT.)
c) will define next municipal elections in 26 state capitals.(vai definir as próximas eleições municipais em 26 capitais.)
d) considers Lula’s image acceptable but would rather choose Fernando Henrique for president.(considera aceitável a imagem de Lula, mas prefere eleger Fernando Henrique para presidente.)
e) greatly benefits from the governmental social programs but still considers them insufficient.(beneficia muito dos programas sociais governamentais, mas ainda os considera insuficientes.)
- A questão 31 objetiva identificar relações semânticas entre partes do texto, identificar informações que tenha suporte no artigo, expressões semanticamente equivalentes.
- EXPLANATION:
1) A alternativa (a) sugere que a classe média 'used to favour PSDB instead of PT; however, this trend has changed.'
- O que é confirmada no trecho:'[...] Past polling suggests people in this income bracket would tend to favour the centre-left Party of Brazilian Social Democracy (PSDB) of former president Fernando Henrique Cardoso over Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva’s Workers’ Party (PT).'
- 'to favour something over something' = preferir algo em detrimento de outra, ou seja, preferir algo e não a outra coisa.
- 'people in this income bracket'(pessoas nesta faixa de renda) refere-se a classe média.
2) A alternativa (b) sugere que a classe média 'includes classes D and C and both will probably vote for PT candidates.'
- O que contradiz o trecho:
'[...] “Those who have moved up from class D to C and experienced help from the government along the way, are likely to stick with the PT,” he says.'
- 'includes classes D and C' e 'have moved up from class D to C' transmitem ideias diferentes.
3) A alternativa (c) sugere que a classe média 'will define next municipal elections in 26 state capitals.'
- O que contradiz o trecho:
'[...] David Fleischer of the University of Brasilia has calculated that PT candidates, or those allied with the party, are at present ahead in 20 out of 26 mayoral races for state capitals in next month’s municipal elections.'
4) A alternativa (d) sugere que a classe média 'considers Lula’s image acceptable but would rather choose Fernando Henrique for president.'
- O que contradiz o trecho:
'[...] Past polling suggests people in this income bracket would tend to favour the centre-left Party of Brazilian Social Democracy (PSDB) of former president Fernando Henrique Cardoso over Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva’s Workers’ Party (PT)....Yet according to Mauro Paulino of Datafolha, a pollster, Lula’s personal popularity and his government’s social programmes have disturbed this equation.'
👉 Questão 82 :
Segundo o texto, a influência da classe média brasileira
sobre o PT fez com que esse partido
a) defendesse o aborto e o casamento entre homos - sexuais.
b) abandonasse atitudes conservadoras em relação às questões sociais.
c) assumisse o discurso de direita, embora defenda idéias de esquerda.
d) participasse do livre mercado, mesmo contra os princípios da elite.
e) amainasse a retórica econômica mais extremista.
a) defendesse o aborto e o casamento entre homos - sexuais.
b) abandonasse atitudes conservadoras em relação às questões sociais.
c) assumisse o discurso de direita, embora defenda idéias de esquerda.
d) participasse do livre mercado, mesmo contra os princípios da elite.
e) amainasse a retórica econômica mais extremista.
• ANSWER (E)
Segundo o texto, a influência da classe média brasileira sobre o PT fez com que esse partido
Segundo o texto, a influência da classe média brasileira sobre o PT fez com que esse partido
a) defendesse o aborto e o casamento entre homos - sexuais.
b) abandonasse atitudes conservadoras em relação às questões sociais.
c) assumisse o discurso de direita, embora defenda idéias de esquerda.
d) participasse do livre mercado, mesmo contra os princípios da elite.
e) amainasse a retórica econômica mais extremista.
➦No texto:
"[...] The middle class has meanwhile reshaped the PT in its own image: the party’s wilder economic rhetoric is now muted."
b) abandonasse atitudes conservadoras em relação às questões sociais.
c) assumisse o discurso de direita, embora defenda idéias de esquerda.
d) participasse do livre mercado, mesmo contra os princípios da elite.
e) amainasse a retórica econômica mais extremista.
➦No texto:
"[...] The middle class has meanwhile reshaped the PT in its own image: the party’s wilder economic rhetoric is now muted."
- 'wilder economic rhetoric is now muted' = a retórica econômica mais extremista do partido agora está muda.
TEXTO 2: O texto refere-se às questões de números 83 a 86.
A UN study released Monday pointed out that Brazil’s
current working conditions remain poor, though the
country __83__ a significant improvement in the past
decade. According to the study, Brazil witnessed
economic growth at the beginning of the decade __84__ led to an increasing number of available jobs and a
growth of workers’ average incomes. But the study also
finds that wage differences between men and women,
blacks and non-blacks are still high.
2
In 2006, the average income of non-black women in Brazil was 524.6 reais (327.8 U.S. dollars), while that of black women was 367.2 reais (229.5 dollars). The average income of black men in 2006 was 451.1 reais (281.9 dollars), while that of non-black men was 724.4 reais (452.75 dollars). In addition, Brazilians aged between 16 and 24 face __85__ difficulties in finding a job than any other age group, the study finds.
3
The study also shows that there are still 2.4 million children and teenager (aged 5-15) laborers in Brazil, __86__ the number fell by 50 percent from 1992 to 2006.
👉 Questão 83 :
a) would demonstrate
b) have shown
c) increases
d) has registered
e) is displaying
UN study finds Brazil’s working conditions unsatisfactory
September 9, 2008
1
2
In 2006, the average income of non-black women in Brazil was 524.6 reais (327.8 U.S. dollars), while that of black women was 367.2 reais (229.5 dollars). The average income of black men in 2006 was 451.1 reais (281.9 dollars), while that of non-black men was 724.4 reais (452.75 dollars). In addition, Brazilians aged between 16 and 24 face __85__ difficulties in finding a job than any other age group, the study finds.
3
The study also shows that there are still 2.4 million children and teenager (aged 5-15) laborers in Brazil, __86__ the number fell by 50 percent from 1992 to 2006.
(news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-09/09/content_9867753.htm#.
Adaptado)
Nas questões de números 83 a 86, assinale a alternativa
que completa, correta e respectivamente, cada lacuna
numerada no texto.👉 Questão 83 :
a) would demonstrate
b) have shown
c) increases
d) has registered
e) is displaying
• ANSWER (D)
a) would demonstrate
b) have shown
c) increases
d) has registered
e) is displaying
a) would demonstrate
b) have shown
c) increases
d) has registered
e) is displaying
- A questão 83 objetiva preencher lacuna com verbo no tempo verbal contextual, conhecimento de tempos e formas verbais, procedimento de concordância verbal.
- Trecho com lacuna:
'[...] A UN study released Monday pointed out that Brazil’s current working conditions remain poor, though the country __83__ a significant improvement in the past decade.'
(Um estudo da ONU divulgado na segunda-feira apontou que as atuais condições de trabalho do Brasil continuam ruins, embora o país tenha __83__ uma melhora significativa na última década.)
- O evento contextual aqui é 'working conditions' condições de trabalho.
- A ideal contextual é que as atuais condições de trabalho do Brasil continuam ruins, embora o país tenha mostrado ou registrado uma melhora significativa na última década.
- Note que na linha de tempo, o evento começou no passado, mas que se conecta ao presente, ou seja, na atualidade.
- We use the present perfect simple to refer to events in the past but which connect to the present.(CAMBRIDGE DICTIONARY)
- Portanto, a lacuna é indicativa do tempo verbal PRESENT PERFECT, o que de imediato elimina as alternativas (a), (c) e (e).
- Temos então as formas verbais 'have shown' e 'has registered', ambas no present perfect.
- Note que 'the country' está no singular e é o sujeito da ação verbal cuja forma deverá estar também no singular.
- 'has registered' , na 3º pessoa do singular, faz a concordância correta do ponto de vista gramatical, eliminando assim a forma 'have shown'.
- Lacuna 83 preenchida corretamente:
''[...] A UN study released Monday pointed out that Brazil’s current working conditions remain poor, though the country has registered a significant improvement in the past decade.'
(Um estudo da ONU divulgado na segunda-feira apontou que as atuais condições de trabalho do Brasil continuam ruins, embora o país tenha registrado uma melhora significativa na última década.)
👉 Questão 84 :a) which
b) such as
c) wherever
d) how
e) then
• ANSWER (A)
a) which
b) such as
c) wherever
d) how
e) then
b) such as
c) wherever
d) how
e) then
- A questão 84 aborda o conhecimento de pronomes relativos e o uso deles segundo as normas gramaticais.
- Trecho com lacuna:
'[...] According to the study, Brazil witnessed economic growth at the beginning of the decade __84__ led to an increasing number of available jobs and a growth of workers’ average incomes.'
(De acordo com o estudo, o Brasil testemunhou crescimento econômico do Brasil no início da década __84__ levou a um aumento do número de empregos disponíveis e ao crescimento da renda média dos trabalhadores.)
- Neste caso, a lacuna será preenchida adequadamente por um pronome relativo que atenda os seguintes critérios:
1) deve referir-se a um substantivo(THE DECADE);
2) deve ser o sujeito do verbo(LED TO) de uma defining relative clause.
- Conclusão: A lacuna é indicativa dos pronomes WHICH ou THAT.
- Trecho completo:
'[...] According to the study, Brazil witnessed economic growth at the beginning of the decade which led to an increasing number of available jobs and a growth of workers’ average incomes.'
(De acordo com o estudo, o Brasil testemunhou um crescimento econômico no início da década, o que levou a um aumento do número de empregos disponíveis e ao aumento da renda média dos trabalhadores.)
👉 Questão 85 :
a) anyb) some
c) more
d) as
e) least
• ANSWER (C)
a) any
b) some
c) more
d) as
e) least
"[...] In addition, Brazilians aged between 16 and 24 face more difficulties in finding a job than any other age group, the study finds."
• more... than = mais... que
👉 Questão 86 :
a) whatsoever
b) even though
c) otherwise
d) unlikely
e) if
b) some
c) more
d) as
e) least
"[...] In addition, Brazilians aged between 16 and 24 face more difficulties in finding a job than any other age group, the study finds."
• more... than = mais... que
👉 Questão 86 :
a) whatsoever
b) even though
c) otherwise
d) unlikely
e) if
• ANSWER (B)
a) whatsoever
b) even though
c) otherwise
d) unlikely
e) if
➦No texto, even though(embora) ➝ conjunção adversativa.
"[...] The study also shows that there are still 2.4 million children and teenager (aged 5-15) laborers in Brazil, even though the number fell by 50 percent from 1992 to 2006."
(embora o número tenha caído (diminuído) em 50% de 1992 a 2006.
b) even though
c) otherwise
d) unlikely
e) if
➦No texto, even though(embora) ➝ conjunção adversativa.
"[...] The study also shows that there are still 2.4 million children and teenager (aged 5-15) laborers in Brazil, even though the number fell by 50 percent from 1992 to 2006."
(embora o número tenha caído (diminuído) em 50% de 1992 a 2006.
TEXTO 3:
Brazil’s defensa minister says the government may
build a fourth airport in São Paulo and says it would be
privately run. Defense Minister Nelson Jobim also says
the government may privatize the operations of the
international airport in Rio de Janeiro and another in the
city of Campinas. Jobim says changes are needed to
prepare for an influx of visitors during the 2014 soccer
World Cup and if Rio wins its bid for the 2016
Olympics.
2
There was no word on where the new airport in São Paulo would be built. Jobim told reporters Friday that the moves are part of a plan to streamline Brazil’s air system, which suffer from chronic congestion and delays.
(www.iht.com/bin/printfriendly.php?id=15936530. Adaptado)
👉 Questão 87 :
Brazil’s Defense Minister
a) may privatize most of the airport operations in the country.
b) mentioned that another airport will be built somewhere in São Paulo.
c) announced a miraculous global plan to fix Brazil’s transport system.
d) is preparing air, road and ship transport systems for the World Cup and the Olympics.
e) will build a railway and an airport to link Rio to Campinas, where the games will take place.
Leia o texto e responda à questão de número 87.
Official: Brazil may build new São Paulo airport
Saturday, September 6, 2008
1
2
There was no word on where the new airport in São Paulo would be built. Jobim told reporters Friday that the moves are part of a plan to streamline Brazil’s air system, which suffer from chronic congestion and delays.
(www.iht.com/bin/printfriendly.php?id=15936530. Adaptado)
👉 Questão 87 :
Brazil’s Defense Minister
a) may privatize most of the airport operations in the country.
b) mentioned that another airport will be built somewhere in São Paulo.
c) announced a miraculous global plan to fix Brazil’s transport system.
d) is preparing air, road and ship transport systems for the World Cup and the Olympics.
e) will build a railway and an airport to link Rio to Campinas, where the games will take place.
• ANSWER (B)
Brazil’s Defense Minister
a) may privatize most of the airport operations in the country.
b) mentioned that another airport will be built somewhere in São Paulo.
c) announced a miraculous global plan to fix Brazil’s transport system.
d) is preparing air, road and ship transport systems for the World Cup and the Olympics.
e) will build a railway and an airport to link Rio to Campinas, where the games will take place.
➦No texto:
"[...] Brazil’s defense minister says the government may build a fourth airport in São Paulo"
"[...] There was no word on where the new airport in São Paulo would be built.”
BRASILIA, Sept 7 — Brazil has found a path to
eradicate poverty in its recent oil discovery but will not
squander money it does not yet have, the country’s
president, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, said on Sunday.
2
State-controlled firm Petrobras surprised the oil world last year with the second-biggest oil find in 20 years. Since then Latin America’s largest country has been gripped by a frenzied debate over how best to manage its new oil wealth. Despite years of strong economic growth under Lula, Brazil is still troubled by glaring poverty and inequality.
3
The tapping of the reserves with a test well on Sept. 2 symbolized “the opening of a direct bridge between natural wealth and the eradication of poverty,” Lula said in a nationally-televised address commemorating Brazil’s independence from Portugal in 1822. Oil wealth would be spent primarily on education and eradication of poverty, creating “timeless and endless wealth” for the Brazilian people, Lula said. The former metal worker, who has spoken about oil almost daily in recent weeks, said Brazil was seeing the crowning of a successful policy of growth and income distribution.
4
Lula said exact reserves were still unknown in the field that is 500 miles (800 km) long by 125 miles (200 km) wide off Brazil’s southern coast. “But one can say with full certainty, (they) will make Brazil one of the world’s largest oil and gas producers,” Lula said.
5
Critics say Lula is seeking to maximize political gains from the oil discovery before municipal elections on October 5. Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Brazil’s president from 1995 to 2002, warned on Sunday in O Estado de S.Paulo newspaper of false nationalism and a pre-election climate in the oil debate of recent days.(www.reuters.com/article/rbssEnergyNews/idUSN05240363200809 07. Adaptado)
👉 Questão 88 :
Segundo Lula,
a) o Brasil já pode começar a investir o dinheiro do petróleo novo para erradicar a pobreza.
b) a pobreza e a desigualdade social poderão aumentar devido ao crescimento econômico abaixo da expectativa.
c) o debate sobre como melhor administrar o dinheiro do petróleo já foi concluído.
d) a confiança no Brasil aumenta a cada novo campo de petróleo descoberto.
e) o dinheiro do petróleo novo será investido na educação e para acabar com a pobreza.
b) mentioned that another airport will be built somewhere in São Paulo.
c) announced a miraculous global plan to fix Brazil’s transport system.
d) is preparing air, road and ship transport systems for the World Cup and the Olympics.
e) will build a railway and an airport to link Rio to Campinas, where the games will take place.
➦No texto:
"[...] Brazil’s defense minister says the government may build a fourth airport in São Paulo"
"[...] There was no word on where the new airport in São Paulo would be built.”
TEXTO 4:
Leia o texto e responda às questões de números 88 a 90.
Brazil’s Lula says oil find is path to end poverty
Sep 7, 2008
1
2
State-controlled firm Petrobras surprised the oil world last year with the second-biggest oil find in 20 years. Since then Latin America’s largest country has been gripped by a frenzied debate over how best to manage its new oil wealth. Despite years of strong economic growth under Lula, Brazil is still troubled by glaring poverty and inequality.
3
The tapping of the reserves with a test well on Sept. 2 symbolized “the opening of a direct bridge between natural wealth and the eradication of poverty,” Lula said in a nationally-televised address commemorating Brazil’s independence from Portugal in 1822. Oil wealth would be spent primarily on education and eradication of poverty, creating “timeless and endless wealth” for the Brazilian people, Lula said. The former metal worker, who has spoken about oil almost daily in recent weeks, said Brazil was seeing the crowning of a successful policy of growth and income distribution.
4
Lula said exact reserves were still unknown in the field that is 500 miles (800 km) long by 125 miles (200 km) wide off Brazil’s southern coast. “But one can say with full certainty, (they) will make Brazil one of the world’s largest oil and gas producers,” Lula said.
5
Critics say Lula is seeking to maximize political gains from the oil discovery before municipal elections on October 5. Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Brazil’s president from 1995 to 2002, warned on Sunday in O Estado de S.Paulo newspaper of false nationalism and a pre-election climate in the oil debate of recent days.(www.reuters.com/article/rbssEnergyNews/idUSN05240363200809 07. Adaptado)
👉 Questão 88 :
Segundo Lula,
a) o Brasil já pode começar a investir o dinheiro do petróleo novo para erradicar a pobreza.
b) a pobreza e a desigualdade social poderão aumentar devido ao crescimento econômico abaixo da expectativa.
c) o debate sobre como melhor administrar o dinheiro do petróleo já foi concluído.
d) a confiança no Brasil aumenta a cada novo campo de petróleo descoberto.
e) o dinheiro do petróleo novo será investido na educação e para acabar com a pobreza.
• ANSWER (E)
Segundo Lula,
a) o Brasil já pode começar a investir o dinheiro do petróleo novo para erradicar a pobreza.
b) a pobreza e a desigualdade social poderão aumentar devido ao crescimento econômico abaixo da expectativa.
c) o debate sobre como melhor administrar o dinheiro do petróleo já foi concluído.
d) a confiança no Brasil aumenta a cada novo campo de petróleo descoberto.
e) o dinheiro do petróleo novo será investido na educação e para acabar com a pobreza.
➦No texto:
"[...] Oil wealth would be spent primarily on education and eradication of poverty, creating “timeless and endless wealth” for the Brazilian people, Lula said.”
• wealth = riqueza
👉 Questão 89 :
According to the text,
a) Lula accused Fernando Henrique of false nationalism.
b) pre-election atmosphere is diverting interest from the oil debate.
c) some people criticize Lula for trying to take political advantage from the oil discovery.
d) Fernando Henrique, who was Brazil’s president just before Lula, is envious of Lula’s popularity.
e) Lula has been speaking to metal workers almost daily because automotive industry will be affected.
b) a pobreza e a desigualdade social poderão aumentar devido ao crescimento econômico abaixo da expectativa.
c) o debate sobre como melhor administrar o dinheiro do petróleo já foi concluído.
d) a confiança no Brasil aumenta a cada novo campo de petróleo descoberto.
e) o dinheiro do petróleo novo será investido na educação e para acabar com a pobreza.
➦No texto:
"[...] Oil wealth would be spent primarily on education and eradication of poverty, creating “timeless and endless wealth” for the Brazilian people, Lula said.”
• wealth = riqueza
👉 Questão 89 :
According to the text,
a) Lula accused Fernando Henrique of false nationalism.
b) pre-election atmosphere is diverting interest from the oil debate.
c) some people criticize Lula for trying to take political advantage from the oil discovery.
d) Fernando Henrique, who was Brazil’s president just before Lula, is envious of Lula’s popularity.
e) Lula has been speaking to metal workers almost daily because automotive industry will be affected.
• ANSWER (C)
According to the text,
a) Lula accused Fernando Henrique of false nationalism.
b) pre-election atmosphere is diverting interest from the oil debate.
c) some people criticize Lula for trying to take political advantage from the oil discovery.
d) Fernando Henrique, who was Brazil’s president just before Lula, is envious of Lula’s popularity.
e) Lula has been speaking to metal workers almost daily because automotive industry will be affected.
“Critics say Lula is seeking to maximize political gains from the oil discovery before municipal elections on October 5.”
• to seek = procurar, buscar
• gains = ganhos
👉 Questão 90 :
No trecho do quarto parágrafo do texto — “But one can say with full certainty, (they) will make Brazil one of the world’s largest oil and gas producers,” — a palavra they refere-se a
a) oil and gas producers.
b) policy of growth and income distribution.
c) Brazilian people.
d) reserves.
e) 800 km long and 200 km wide.
b) pre-election atmosphere is diverting interest from the oil debate.
c) some people criticize Lula for trying to take political advantage from the oil discovery.
d) Fernando Henrique, who was Brazil’s president just before Lula, is envious of Lula’s popularity.
e) Lula has been speaking to metal workers almost daily because automotive industry will be affected.
“Critics say Lula is seeking to maximize political gains from the oil discovery before municipal elections on October 5.”
• to seek = procurar, buscar
• gains = ganhos
👉 Questão 90 :
No trecho do quarto parágrafo do texto — “But one can say with full certainty, (they) will make Brazil one of the world’s largest oil and gas producers,” — a palavra they refere-se a
a) oil and gas producers.
b) policy of growth and income distribution.
c) Brazilian people.
d) reserves.
e) 800 km long and 200 km wide.
• ANSWER (D)
a) oil and gas producers.
b) policy of growth and income distribution.
c) Brazilian people.
d) reserves.
e) 800 km long and 200 km wide.
➦ THEY refere-se a reserves = reservas.
“Mas alguém poderia dizer com certeza que elas (as reservas) farão do Brasil um dos maiores produtores de petróleo e gasolina do mundo.”
c) Brazilian people.
d) reserves.
e) 800 km long and 200 km wide.
➦ THEY refere-se a reserves = reservas.
“Mas alguém poderia dizer com certeza que elas (as reservas) farão do Brasil um dos maiores produtores de petróleo e gasolina do mundo.”
