PUC-RIO-2014-VESTIBULAR GRUPOS 1, 3 e 4 Pontifícia Universidade Católica do RJ - Prof° Valdenor Sousa - Prova de INGLÊS com gabarito e Questões Comentadas.

• Welcome back to another post!

• A pauta aqui é INGLÊS-UNIVERSIDADES PARTICULARES.

➧NESTE POST: PROVA de INGLÊS da PUC/RIO-2014-VESTIBULAR GRUPOS 1,3 e 4, aplicada em 13/10/2013.

➧BANCA/ORGANIZADOR:

• Pontifícia Universidade Católica

• http://www.puc-rio.br/vestibular/

➧LEITURA de textos de jornais digitais, revistas, websites, é um excelente treino para a prova.

➧PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA:
• 01(Hum) Texto.

• 10 Questões do tipo (A,B,C,D,E).

➧TÓPICOS ABORDADOS ao longo da prova:
1-VERBS:

• [to highlight = realçar, destacar]

• [to park = estacionar]

2-PHRASAL VERBS - USES:

• [ = ]

3-PERFECT TENSE - USES:

• [has recently demonstrated = demonstrou recentemente]

4-MODAL VERBS - USES:

• [ = ]

5-NOUN:

• [aerials = antenas]

• [corner = esquina]

• [driver = motorista]

• [feature = característica]

6-ADJECTIVES:

• [ = ]

7-ADVERBS:

• [ = ]

8-NOUN PHRASES(Adjective+noun):

• [conservative bunch = grupo conservador]

• [on public roads = em vias públicas]

• [Swedish carmaker = montadora sueca]

9-IDIOMS(Expressões Idiomáticas):

• [ = ]

10-COLLOCATIONS:

• [ = ]

11-TECHNICAL ENGLISH(Military English, Business English, Finance English and so on):

• [autonomous car = carro autônomo]

• [carmaker = montadora(de carro)]

12-CONNECTORES AND LINKERS:

• [However = No entanto]

13-GENITIVE CASE:

• [ = ]

14-FALSE COGNATES:
• [ = ]

➧Agora vamos à PROVA!

Driverless automobiles - The car that parks itself

1

CARS that need no driver are just around the corner according to researchers who have been testing vehicles bristling with aerials and cameras on public roads in America. However, researchers do not make cars, so it will be up to firms that do to bring the technology to market. And carmakers are a conservative bunch. Still, slowly and steadily the autonomous car will arrive, with the help of an increasing number of automated driving aids. A Swedish carmaker has recently demonstrated one such feature: a car that really does park itself.
2
Some cars already have systems that assist with parking, but these are not completely autonomous. They can identify an empty parallel-parking space and steer into it while the driver uses the brake. The Swedish system, however, lets the driver get out and use a smartphone application to instruct the vehicle to park. The car then trundles off, manoeuvres into a parking place and sends a message to the driver to inform him where it is. The driver can collect the car in person or use his phone to call it back to where he dropped it off. Autonomous parking could thus be provided at places like shopping centres and airports, which are controlled areas in which automated vehicles can be managed more easily than on open highways.
3
In the past, designs for doing this have relied on car parks being fitted with buried guide wires that a vehicle can follow to an empty bay. That, though, creates a chicken-and-egg problem: car-park operators will not invest in such infrastructure until there is a sufficient number of suitably equipped cars on the road. Drivers, conversely, will not want to buy self-parking cars if there is nowhere to use them. 
4
This means, as a safety engineer working on the project observes, that for autonomous parking to work most of the technology will have to be in the car itself. The test car, which looks like a normal car, therefore uses on-board GPS mapping, cameras with image-recognition software, and radar sensors to find its own way around a car park and avoid pedestrians and non-autonomous vehicles. The same engineer says the system is five to ten years from commercial deployment. If it proves a success then infrastructure might adapt to it, for instance by packing cars into tighter spaces. If there is no one in them there is no need to make room for their doors to open. 
5
Driverless cars would also need to communicate with one another, to enhance safety. That, too, is coming. A number of carmakers are developing wireless networking systems through which vehicles can exchange data, such as their speed, their steering angle and even their weight, to forewarn anti-collision systems and safety devices if an accident looks likely.
6
In the USA, for example, a carmaker recently tested a brake light that can provide an early warning to other motorists. If the brakes are applied hard in an emergency, a signal is broadcast. This illuminates a warning light in the dashboard of suitably equipped following vehicles, even if they are out of sight around a bend or not immediately behind the vehicle doing the braking.
7
The American company has been testing this system as part of a collaborative research project with several European carmakers. They have put a fleet of 150 experimental vehicles on the roads. When they tested a group of these, the Americans found the technology let drivers brake much earlier, helping avoid collisions. A driverless car would be able to react even faster.
8
Another member of the research group has been testing driverless cars on roads around Munich— including belting down some of Germany’s highspeed autobahns. The ordinary-looking models use a variety of self-contained guidance systems. These include cameras mounted on the upper windscreen, which can identify road markings, signs and various obstacles likely to be encountered on roads.
9
The German cars also use a radar, to gauge how far the vehicle is from other cars and potential obstacles, and a lidar, which works like a radar but at optical frequencies. The lidar employs laser beams to scan the road ahead and builds up from the reflections a three-dimensional image of what this looks like. The image is processed by a computer in the vehicle, which also collects and compares data from a high-accuracy GPS unit. A series of ultrasonic sonars similar to those used in vehicles to provide parking assistance are placed around the car to add to the virtual picture. And just to make sure, a set of accelerometers provide an inertial navigation system that double-checks the vehicle’s position on the road. 
10
Although these cars can be switched to an autonomous driving mode, they are still required to have someone in the driving seat who can take over in the event of any difficulty. Some cars can steer themselves, slow down, brake and accelerate, even changing lanes to overtake slower vehicles.

From the print edition:

Science and Technology Jun 29th 2013

11. The text implies that driverless cars are
(A) the automobiles parked just around the corner.

(B) a near future reality waiting to be adopted.
(C) the Swedish vehicles used in conservative resorts.
(D) the kind of transport developed for human hands.
(E) the ones covered with bunches of stiff bristles.

R E S P O S T A :   B

• O texto implica que os carros sem motorista são
(A) os automóveis estacionados ao virar da esquina.
(B) uma realidade futura próxima esperando para ser adotada.
(C) os veículos suecos usados em resorts conservadores.
(D) o tipo de transporte desenvolvido para mãos humanas.
(E) os cobertos com cachos de cerdas duras.
12. The main idea of the article is
(A) to applaud the new driverless car technology.
(B) to argue that researchers should make cars.
(C) to analyze the characteristics of European cars.
(D) to prove that autonomous cars are too slow.
(E) to highlight that Swedish carmakers are against new inventions.

R E S P O S T A :   A

• 
13. The author uses the phrasal verb “trundles off” (. 18) that could be replaced by
(A) rolls fast.
(B) stops rolling.
(C) rolls slowly.
(D) does not roll.
(E) does not start.

R E S P O S T A :   C

•
14. The phrase “a chicken-and-egg problem” (. 30) expresses the idea of
(A) precedence of investments in infrastructure or in the number of equipped cars.
(B) investments on infrastructure only.
(C) investments on a biodegradable fuel development.
(D) one decisive matter for the project to succeed.
(E) the failure that the project will definitely be.

R E S P O S T A :   A

•
15. The statement “A number of carmakers are developing wireless networking systems (…) if an accident looks likely” (. 50-54) shows that the manufacturers’ objective is
(A) to simplify car parking.
(B) to make cheaper cars.
(C) to beautify cars.
(D) to assure safety.
(E) to allow drivers to sleep.

R E S P O S T A :   D

•
16. In “They have put a fleet of 150 experimental vehicles on the roads” (. 65-66), “a fleet” could be replaced by
(A) a task.
(B) a project.
(C) a test.
(D) a group.
(E) an assignment.

R E S P O S T A :   D

•
17. In the fragment, “The ordinary-looking models (…) likely to be encountered on roads” (. 74-78), the demonstrative “These” refers to
(A) cameras.
(B) models.
(C) signs.
(D) obstacles.
(E) systems.

R E S P O S T A :   C

•
18. According to a safety engineer working on the project, for autonomous parking to work, most of the technology involved has to be in the car itself. One device which is NOT present in the Swedish test car is
(A) a radar.
(B) a camera.
(C) a lidar system.
(D) a GPS mapping.
(E) a smartphone application.

R E S P O S T A :   C

•
19. The word “Although” (. 93) introduces
(A) an additional idea.
(B) an opposing idea.
(C) a conclusion.
(D) an example.
(E) a chronological order.

R E S P O S T A :   B

•
20. In the German testing car, the most distinctive characteristic, in comparison to the American project, is
(A) the fact that it has a camera that identifies road markings.
(B) the fact that it can be driven in high-speed roads.

(C) the fact that it contains guidance systems.
(D) the fact that it can be driven with “no hands”.
(E) the fact that it is equipped with a brake light that warns other motorists.

R E S P O S T A :   A

•