Postagens
❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: UNIFESP-2013-VESTIBULAR-13/12/2012.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
➭ 15 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question
➭ Text (1) – Life of a Nantucket Surgeon | www.nytimes.com |
➭ Text (2) – Work after eight months of pregnancy is as harmful as smoking, study finds | www.guardian.co.uk |
❑ PROVA:
➧ GABARITO:
01-D, 02-C, 03-C, 04-C, 05-E
06-B, 07-D, 08-E, 09-E, 10-D
11-E, 12-D, 13-A, 14-B, 15-A
➧ PROVA:
➧ TEXT I: Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 01 a 08.
Life of a Nantucket Surgeon
By Tara Parker-Pope
July 27, 2012
In her new book, “Island Practice”, the New York Times reporter Pam Belluck tells the story of Dr. Timothy Lepore, a quirky 67-year-old physician who for the past 30 years has been the only surgeon working on the island of Nantucket. But Dr. Lepore is no ordinary surgeon. Life on an island, even one that has become a summer playground to the rich and famous, requires a certain amount of resourcefulness and flexibility. Over the years Dr. Lepore has taken it upon himself to deliver whatever type of medical care his island inhabitants need, often challenging conventional notions of medicine and redefining what it means to be a healer.
While his surgical skills have been used for minor repairs and lifesaving procedures, he often works as a general practitioner, treating everyday ailments. Distraught island residents also call on him for counseling and comfort, and he even steps into the role of veterinarian when needed.
I recently spoke with Ms. Belluck about the time she spent with Dr. Lepore. Here’s part of our conversation.
• I think of Nantucket as a posh summer tourist destination.
Were you surprised to find such a quirky character there?
I thought of it as this rich summer haven, but there is this whole year-round population that is really interesting and diverse and has to scrabble for a living. Even the hardship was surprising. You think any place is accessible, but there are a lot of times where you cannot get on or off the island, and you can’t get what you need. Even though they have fast ferries and airplanes now, you’re still at the mercy of the elements, and that creates a lot of drama.
• What kinds of challenges has Dr. Lepore faced?
Part of it is the fact that as the only surgeon, you kind of need to do everything, and you may not know how to do something. There was a guy who came home and had forgotten to pick up potatoes, and his wife stabbed him in the heart. It’s the kind of stab wound that only 10 percent of patients make it to the hospital alive, and 1 percent will survive. Dr. Lepore had never seen anything like this before, but there was no time to get the guy off the island. So he had to reach in and get the heart started. There wasn’t the right equipment to sew him up, and they had only six units of blood, which is not that much. But he’s an encyclopedia of arcane facts, and he remembered that in the 1800s they used black silk thread for this kind of injury. They found some black silk thread, and he managed to close this guy’s heart and get it beating again. The guy survived and became a marathon runner. There is a field hospital-type feeling to it. You’re not under fire, but there is making do with what you have and flying by the seat of your pants. Often the weather is bad, and he has never done it before, but he just has to do it.
• Does he make a good living? Does he take insurance?
He takes insurance, but he also takes people who can’t pay at all. He will even allow people to pay him in kind. One of the undercurrents of the book is that his hospital on Nantucket is now run by Partners Health Care, the big health care corporation that runs Massachusetts General and Brigham and Women’s Hospital. They have instituted some new systems, but he flouts many of them. He says, “Nobody is going to manage my time. Nobody is going to tell me what to do.” They can’t really complain because they need him.
(www.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)
01 – (UNIFESP-2012/2013-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
O primeiro parágrafo indica que a ilha de Nantucket
(A) tornou-se um lugar da moda entre famosos, há cerca de 30 anos.
(B) redefiniu o conceito da medicina moderna.
(C) não possui qualquer estrutura para o exercício da medicina moderna.
(D) é um lugar em que muitas pessoas passam férias no verão.
(E) não tem veterinário entre seus residentes.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
O primeiro parágrafo indica que a ilha de Nantucket...
*Alternativa (A): tornou-se um lugar da moda entre famosos, há cerca de 30 anos.
• Segundo o texto, a ilha realmente 'tornou-se um lugar da moda entre famosos', porém a a expressão "30 years" refere-se ao tempo de trabalho do cirurgião na ilha.
• Vê os trechos:
• "[...] a quirky 67-year-old physician who for the past 30 years has been the only surgeon working on the island of Nantucket."
(um médico peculiar de 67 anos que nos últimos 30 foi o único cirurgião a trabalhar na ilha de Nantucket.)
• "[...] even one that has become a summer playground to the rich and famous"
(ainda que a ilha que se tornou um parque de diversão de verão para os ricos e famosos)
*Alternativa (B): redefiniu o conceito da medicina moderna.
• Quem redefiniu foi o Dr. Lepore e não "a ilha de Nantucket".
•"[...] Over the years Dr. Lepore has taken it upon himself to deliver whatever type of medical care his island inhabitants need, often challenging conventional notions of medicine and redefining what it means to be a healer."
(Ao longo dos anos, o Dr. Lepore assumiu a responsabilidade de fornecer qualquer tipo de atendimento médico de que os habitantes da ilha precisam, muitas vezes desafiando as noções convencionais de medicina e redefinindo o que significa ser um curador.)
• "has taken it upon himself" significa : assumiu a responsabilidade, tomou para si a responsabilidade.
• to take upon oneself means "assume or take responsibility (of a role, position or responsibility)", ou seja, assumir a responsabilidade, tomar para si a responsabilidade.
*Alternativa (C): não possui qualquer estrutura para o exercício da medicina moderna.
• O texto afirma que a vida em uma ilha requer certa quantidade de recursos e flexibilidade.
"[...] Life on an island ... requires a certain amount of resourcefulness and flexibility."
*Alternativa (D): é um lugar em que muitas pessoas passam férias no verão.
• "[...] even one that has become a summer playground to the rich and famous"
(ainda que a ilha que se tornou um parque de diversão de verão para os ricos e famosos)
*Alternativa (E): não tem veterinário entre seus residentes.
• O texto afirma que ele(o Dr. Lepore) até assume o papel de veterinário quando necessário.
• "[...] and he even steps into the role of veterinarian when needed."
(e ele até assume o papel de veterinário quando necessário.)
02 – (UNIFESP-2012/2013-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
An appropriate expression to describe Dr. Timothy Lepore would be
(A) frantic.
(B) rich and famous.
(C) resourceful.
(D) ambitious.
(E) rude.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
An appropriate expression to describe Dr. Timothy Lepore would be...
*Alternativa (A): frantic.
• "frantic" means "displaying a lack of sensibleness or good judgment".(mostrar falta de sensatez ou falta de bom senso) e sinônimo de "insane, crazy, mad, daft"(insano, louco, maluco).
• O Dr. Lepore não é insensato e sim uma pessoa que mostra bom senso e razão, tanto é que os próprios morados perturbados da ilha também o procuram para aconselhamento e conforto.
"[...] Distraught island residents also call on him for counseling and comfort,"
(Moradores perturbados da ilha também o procuram para aconselhamento e conforto,)
• "to call on" means "ask a person or organization to do something"(pedir a uma pessoa ou a uma organização para fazer algo).
• The human rights group has called on the US to end the death penalty.(O grupo de direitos humanos pediu aos EUA que acabassem com a pena de morte.)
• I call on people to report any corrupt and illegal conduct concerning an election.(Peço às pessoas que relatem qualquer conduta corrupta e ilegal em relação a uma eleição.)
*Alternativa (B): rich and famous.
• "rich and famous" refere-se aos turistas que frequentam a ilha.
• "[...] one that has become a summer playground to the rich and famous"
(a ilha que se tornou um parque de diversão de verão para os ricos e famosos)
*Alternativa (C): resourceful.
• Contextualmente, "resourceful" means "good at finding effective ways to deal with problems", sinônimo de "skillful, ingenious, creative"(hábil, engenhoso, criativo).
•"[...] But he’s an encyclopedia of arcane facts, and he remembered that in the 1800s they used black silk thread for this kind of injury."
(Mas ele é uma enciclopédia de fatos misteriosos, e ele se lembrou de que em 1800 eles usavam fios de seda preta para esse tipo de ferimento.)
*Alternativa (D): ambitious.
• "ambitious" means "determined to be successful, rich, famous".
• Segundo o texto, o Dr. Lepore é uma pessoa bondosa, benevolente, com boa vontade em relação a outras pessoas, revelando altruísmo e empatia porque assumiu a responsabilidade de fornecer qualquer tipo de atendimento médico de que os habitantes da ilha precisam.
"[...] Over the years Dr. Lepore has taken it upon himself to deliver whatever type of medical care his island inhabitants need,"
(Ao longo dos anos, o Dr. Lepore assumiu a responsabilidade de fornecer qualquer tipo de atendimento médico de que os habitantes da ilha precisam,)
*Alternativa (E): rude.
• "rude" means "impolite or bad-mannered", sinônismo de: rough, discourteous, insolent, overbearing, offenive(grosseiro, descortês, insolente, arrogante, ofensivo).
• O Dr. Lepore não é uma pessoa indelicado ou mal educada, tanto é que os próprios morados perturbados da ilha também o procuram para aconselhamento e conforto.
"[...] Distraught island residents also call on him for counseling and comfort,"
(Moradores perturbados da ilha também o procuram para aconselhamento e conforto,)
03 – (UNIFESP-2012/2013-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
No excerto do primeiro parágrafo
– Dr. Lepore has taken it upon himself to deliver whatever type of medical care his island inhabitants need –,
a expressão em destaque equivale, em português, a
(A) levou consigo.
(B) responsabilizou-se pela entrega.
(C) assumiu a responsabilidade.
(D) apoderou-se para si próprio.
(E) tomou a dianteira.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
*Alternativa (A): levou consigo.
*Alternativa (B): responsabilizou-se pela entrega.
*Alternativa (C): assumiu a responsabilidade.
• O phrasal verb "to take it upon oneself" means "decide to do something even though it is not one's responsibility"(decidir fazer algo mesmo que não seja sua responsabilidade).
•"[...] Dr. Lepore has taken it upon himself to deliver whatever type of medical care his island inhabitants need."
(O Dr. Lepore assumiu a responsabilidade de fornecer qualquer tipo de atendimento médico de que os habitantes da ilha precisam.)
• Outros exemplos:
• He took it upon himself to personally thank each person at the meeting.(Ele assumiu a responsabilidade de agradecer pessoalmente a cada pessoa na reunião.)
• The kids took it upon themselves to wash your car.(As crianças encarregaram-se de lavar o seu carro).
• I took it upon myself to print out these information packets for the meeting since I knew the data might be confusing.(Decidi imprimir esses pacotes de informações para a reunião, pois sabia que os dados poderiam ser confusos.)
*Alternativa (D): apoderou-se para si próprio.
*Alternativa (E): tomou a dianteira.
04 – (UNIFESP-2012/2013-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
The answer to the first question points out that
(A) Nantucket is now busy during the whole year, not only in the summer.
(B) getting on or off the island is not easy during the summer rush period.
(C) not everyone in Nantucket is necessarily rich.
(D) there are many dramatic productions in Nantucket during the summer.
(E) due to modern facilities, Nantucket is easy to reach.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
The answer to the first question points out that...
A resposta à primeira pergunta indica que...
*Alternativa (A): Nantucket is now busy during the whole year, not only in the summer.(Nantucket está ocupada durante todo o ano, não apenas no verão.)
*Alternativa (B): getting on or off the island is not easy during the summer rush period.(entrar ou sair da ilha não é fácil durante o período de pico do verão.)
*Alternativa (C): not everyone in Nantucket is necessarily rich.(nem todos em Nantucket são necessariamente ricos.)
*Alternativa (D): there are many dramatic productions in Nantucket during the summer.(há muitas produções dramáticas em Nantucket durante o verão.)
*Alternativa (E): due to modern facilities, Nantucket is easy to reach.(devido às instalações modernas, Nantucket é de fácil acesso.)
05 – (UNIFESP-2012/2013-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
No trecho da resposta à primeira pergunta
– Even though they have fast ferries and airplanes now –,
é possível substituir corretamente Even though, sem alterar o sentido da frase, por:
(A) However.
(B) Whether.
(C) As if.
(D) Nevertheless.
(E) In spite of the fact that.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICO - CONNECTORS :
*Alternativa (A) However.(conectivo de contraste= contudo, mesmo assim)
• Grupo de contraste HOWEVER (however, nevertheless, nonetheless, yet). Dentro deste grupo pode-se permutar os conectores entre si.
*Alternativa (B) Whether.
*Alternativa (C) As if.
*Alternativa (D) Nevertheless.(conectivo de contraste= contudo, mesmo assim)
• Nevertheless faz parte do grupo de contraste HOWEVER (however, nevertheless, nonetheless, yet). Dentro deste grupo pode-se permutar os conectores entre si.
• Their team hadn’t lost a game the entire season. Nevertheless, we beat them by a huge margin last night.(Seu time não havia perdido um jogo durante toda a temporada. Mesmo assim, nós os vencemos por uma grande margem na noite passada.)
• I am feeling ill, but I shall come with you nevertheless.(Estou me sentindo mal, mas irei com você mesmo assim.)
• She found him physically repugnant, but she nevertheless agreed to marry him.(Ela o achava-o fisicamente repugnante, mas mesmo assim concordou em se casar com ele.)
*Alternativa (E) In spite of the fact that.
• "Even though" faz parte do Grupo de contraste ALTHOUGH (although, even though, though, in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that)(apesar de, apesar do fato de). Dentro deste grupo, pode-se permutar os conectores entre si.
• Gramaticalmente, "even though" é uma subordinating conjunction que junto com a CLAUSE (they have fast ferries and airplanes now) forma a SUBORDINATE CLAUSE, ou seja:
• even though + clause = subrodinate clause.
• Ocorre que "even though" é sinônima de outras subordinating conjunctions: although, though, in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that.
• Portanto, "even though" e "in spite of the fact that" são intercambiáveis morfológica e gramaticalmente.
•"[...] Even though / In spite of the fact that they have fast ferries and airplanes now, you’re still at the mercy of the elements, and that creates a lot of drama."
(Mesmo que eles tenham balsas e aviões rápidos agora, você ainda está à mercê dos elementos, e isso cria muito drama.)
06 – (UNIFESP-2012/2013-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
Na resposta à segunda pergunta, a autora utiliza a frase
There is a field hospital-type feeling to it,
o que, no contexto, indica a ideia de
(A) espírito de aventura.
(B) improvisação.
(C) combatividade.
(D) perigo iminente.
(E) emergência.
07 – (UNIFESP-2012/2013-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
The excerpt from the answer to the second question
– there was no time to get the guy off the island –
means that the patient
(A) wouldn’t live if he stayed in the island.
(B) shouldn’t be taken in a helicopter.
(C) had little time left to leave the island.
(D) couldn’t be moved to a mainland hospital.
(E) had to be rushed to hospital.
08 – (UNIFESP-2012/2013-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
De acordo com a resposta à última pergunta, depreende-se
que
(A) os pacientes que procuram o Dr. Lepore são sempre atendidos com atenção e gentileza, quer seja no hospital, quer em casa.
(B) a nova administração do hospital de Nantucket está preocupada com as atitudes do Dr. Lepore em relação a novos protocolos.
(C) a pessoa que necessitar tratamento no hospital de Nantucket deverá pagar em dinheiro, uma vez que não se aceitam pacientes conveniados a planos de saúde.
(D) o hospital da ilha é administrado atualmente pelo estado de Massachusetts, tendo-se tornado uma instituição pública.
(E) o Dr. Lepore não se importa muito com novos procedimentos administrativos implantados no hospital de Nantucket.
➧ TEXT II: Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 09 a 15.
Work after eight months of pregnancy is as harmful as smoking, study finds
Conal Urquhart and agencies
July 28, 2012
Working after eight months of pregnancy is as harmful for babies as smoking, according to a new study. Women who worked after they were eight months pregnant had babies on average around 230g lighter than those who stopped work between six and eight months.
The University of Essex research – which drew on data from three major studies, two in the UK and one in the US – found the effect of continuing to work during the late stages of pregnancy was equal to that of smoking while pregnant. Babies whose mothers worked or smoked throughout
pregnancy grew more slowly in the womb.
Past research has shown babies with low birth weights are at higher risk of poor health and slow development, and may suffer from a variety of problems later in life. Stopping work early in pregnancy was particularly beneficial for women with lower levels of education, the study found – suggesting that the effect of working during pregnancy was possibly more marked for those doing physically demanding work. The birth weight of babies born to mothers under the age of 24 was not affected by them continuing to work, but in older mothers the effect was more significant.
The researchers identified 1,339 children whose mothers were part of the British Household Panel Survey, which was conducted between 1991 and 2005, and for whom data was available. A further sample of 17,483 women who gave birth in 2000 or 2001 and who took part in the Millennium Cohort Study was also examined and showed similar results, along
with 12,166 from the National Survey of Family Growth, relating to births in the US between the early 1970s and 1995.
One of the authors of the study, Prof. Marco Francesconi, said the government should consider incentives __42__ employers to offer more flexible maternity leave to women who might need a break before, __43__ after, their babies were born. He said: “We know low birth weight is a predictor of many things that happen later, including lower chances of completing school successfully, lower wages and higher mortality. We need to think seriously about parental leave, because – as this study suggests – the possible benefits of taking leave flexibly before the birth __44__ quite high.”
The study also suggests British women may be working for __45__ now during pregnancy. While 16% of mothers questioned by the British Household Panel Study, which went as far back as 1991, worked up to one month before the birth, the figure was 30% in the Millennium Cohort Study, whose subjects were born in 2000 and 2001.
(www.guardian.co.uk)
09 – (UNIFESP-2012/2013-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
O estudo mencionado no texto indica que
(A) as mulheres que trabalham até o final da gravidez são, em sua maioria, fumantes, quer sejam mais velhas, quer não.
(B) o efeito do trabalho até os últimos dias antes do parto independe da idade da mãe ou do fato de ela ser fumante ou não.
(C) os bebês com peso mais baixo no nascimento são, usualmente, os filhos de mães fumantes durante a gravidez.
(D) as mulheres na Inglaterra sempre trabalharam até o final da gravidez, devido a exigências do sistema de seguridade social.
(E) o trabalho físico no final da gravidez tende a afetar mais o crescimento do feto do que o desenvolvimento intelectual.
10 – (UNIFESP-2012/2013-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
In the excerpt from the first paragraph
– than those who stopped work between six and eight months –,
the word those refers to
(A) smoking.
(B) babies.
(C) months.
(D) women.
(E) pregnancy.
11 – (UNIFESP-2012/2013-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
In the excerpt from the third paragraph
– may suffer from a variety of problems later in life –,
the word may carries the idea of
(A) obligation.
(B) habit.
(C) inevitability.
(D) request.
(E) possibility.
12 – (UNIFESP-2012/2013-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
(A) through
(B) about
(C) by
(D) for
(E) with
13 – (UNIFESP-2012/2013-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
(A) rather than
(B) no
(C) less likely
(D) but
(E) instead
14 – (UNIFESP-2012/2013-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
(A) simply aren’t
(B) could be
(C) can’t be
(D) are not
(E) will do
15 – (UNIFESP-2012/2013-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
(A) longer
(B) far
(C) more
(D) less
(E) fewer
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