quarta-feira, 7 de janeiro de 2015

ESAF/2002 – RECEITA FEDERAL – AUDITOR FISCAL – LÍNGUA INGLESA – PROVA COM GABARITO & TEXTOS TRADUZIDOS.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• ESAF-2002-RECEITA FEDERAL-AUDITOR FISCAL-06/04/2002.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

 15 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
 Texto (1) – | Brazilian rate cut catches markets off guard The Financial Times |
 Texto (2) – | Mountain of 90's Debt Looms as City and State Feel Pinch |
 Texto (3) – | Rating agencies defend their style of analysis—and hedge their bets |



 TEXTO 1:
Brazilian rate cut catches markets off guard
The Financial Times February 21 2002
           
Brazil's central bank surprised financial markets on Wednesday night with its first interest rate cut in seven months, strengthening investor confidence in an economic rebound this year and easing fears of economic contagion in the region from Argentina.
           
The bank's monetary policy committee reduced its overnight lending rate (Selic) by 25 basis points to 18.75 per cent. It said the reduction was"compatible with the convergence of the inflation rate to its target". The government's year-end inflation target is 5.5 per cent. The bank maintained a "neutral bias", meaning it is unlikely to change rates before its next monthly meeting in March.
            
A typical central bank strategy in past crises in the region has been to lift interest rates to attract investment in the fixed rate market. This is what countries did in 1999, when Brazil was forced to devalue the Real. While Wednesday's rate cut is modest and leaves inflation-adjusted interest rates above 13 per cent, it could help accelerate a recovery in consumer confidence, which has been battered by last year's power crisis and Argentina's economic turmoil.
            
Lower interest rates, one of the principal demands of Brazil's business sector, could also increase the popularity of the government ahead of presidential elections in October. According to the latest consensus forecast published by the central bank, the market expects interest rates to fall to 17 per cent by year- end and to 14.1 percent by the end of 2003. According to the same forecast, gross domestic product is expected to grow 2.4 per cent this year, up from an estimated 1.7 per cent last year.

 TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 1:
Brazilian rate cut catches markets off guard
Corte na taxa de juros no Brasil pega mercados desprevenidos
           
Brazil's central bank surprised financial markets on Wednesday night with its first interest rate cut in seven months, strengthening investor confidence in an economic rebound this year and easing fears of economic contagion in the region from Argentina. O banco central do Brasil surpreendeu os mercados financeiros na noite de quarta-feira com seu primeiro corte nas taxas de juros em sete meses, fortalecendo a confiança dos investidores em uma recuperação econômica este ano e aliviando os temores de contágio econômico na região vindo da Argentina.
           
The bank's monetary policy committee reduced its overnight lending rate (Selic) by 25 basis points to 18.75 per cent. O comitê de política monetária do banco reduziu sua taxa de empréstimo overnight (Selic) em 25 pontos base, para 18,75%.

It said the reduction was"compatible with the convergence of the inflation rate to its target". Disse que a redução era “compatível com a convergência da taxa de inflação para a sua meta”. 

The government's year-end inflation target is 5.5 per cent. A meta de inflação do governo para o final do ano é de 5,5%. 

The bank maintained a "neutral bias", meaning it is unlikely to change rates before its next monthly meeting in March. O banco manteve um “viés neutro”, o que significa que é improvável que altere as taxas antes da sua próxima reunião mensal, em março.
            
A typical central bank strategy in past crises in the region has been to lift interest rates to attract investment in the fixed rate market. Uma estratégia típica do banco central em crises passadas na região tem sido aumentar as taxas de juro para atrair investimento no mercado de taxa fixa. 

This is what countries did in 1999, when Brazil was forced to devalue the Real. Foi o que os países fizeram em 1999, quando o Brasil foi forçado a desvalorizar o Real. 

While Wednesday's rate cut is modest and leaves inflation-adjusted interest rates above 13 per cent, it could help accelerate a recovery in consumer confidence, which has been battered by last year's power crisis and Argentina's economic turmoil. Embora o corte de taxas de quarta-feira seja modesto e deixe as taxas de juro ajustadas à inflação acima de 13%, poderá ajudar a acelerar a recuperação da confiança do consumidor, que foi abalada pela crise energética do ano passado e pela turbulência económica na Argentina.
            
Lower interest rates, one of the principal demands of Brazil's business sector, could also increase the popularity of the government ahead of presidential elections in October. Taxas de juro mais baixas, uma das principais exigências do setor empresarial brasileiro, também poderão aumentar a popularidade do governo antes das eleições presidenciais de Outubro.

According to the latest consensus forecast published by the central bank, the market expects interest rates to fall to 17 per cent by year- end and to 14.1 percent by the end of 2003. De acordo com a última previsão consensual publicada pelo banco central, o mercado espera que as taxas de juro caiam para 17 por cento até ao final do ano e para 14,1 por cento até ao final de 2003.

According to the same forecast, gross domestic product is expected to grow 2.4 per cent this year, up from an estimated 1.7 per cent last year. De acordo com a mesma previsão, o produto interno bruto deverá crescer 2,4 por cento este ano, acima dos 1,7 por cento estimados no ano passado.​
The Financial Times February 21 2002

16 – (ESAF-2002-RECEITA FEDERAL-AUDITOR FISCAL)

According to the text, the recent cut in the Brazilian interest rate was

(A) a misplaced sign of confidence in the economy.
(B) a result of the crisis in Argentina's economy.
(C) designed to attract investment over seven months.
(D) a sign of confidence in Brazil's economic recovery.
(E) an unexpectedly large cut in a modest interest rate.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO
:
Segundo o texto, o recente corte na taxa de juros brasileira foi
a) a misplaced sign of confidence in the economy. um sinal equivocado de confiança na economia.
b) a result of the crisis in Argentina's economy. 
resultado da crise da economia argentina.
c) designed to attract investment over seven months. 
destinado a atrair investimentos durante sete meses.
d) a sign of confidence in Brazil's economic recovery
um sinal de confiança na recuperação econômica do Brasil.
e) an unexpectedly large cut in a modest interest rate. 
um corte inesperadamente grande numa taxa de juro modesta.

17 – (ESAF-2002-RECEITA FEDERAL-AUDITOR FISCAL)

According to the article, in 1999, Brazil

(A) devalued its currency and raised its interest rates.
(B) began to suffer fall out from the crisis in Argentina.
(C) lowered its interest rate on account of devaluation.
(D) attracted only a modest rate of foreign investment.
(E) suffered a surprise fall in growth of almost 17%.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO
:
Segundo o artigo, em 1999, o Brasil
(A) devalued its currency and raised its interest ratesdesvalorizou sua moeda e aumentou suas taxas de juros.
(B) began to suffer fall out from the crisis in Argentina. 
começou a sofrer com a crise na Argentina.
(C) lowered its interest rate on account of devaluation. 
reduziu sua taxa de juros por conta da desvalorização.
(D) attracted only a modest rate of foreign investment. 
atraiu apenas uma taxa modesta de investimento estrangeiro.
(E) suffered a surprise fall in growth of almost 17%. 
sofreu uma queda surpreendente no crescimento de quase 17%.

18 – (ESAF-2002-RECEITA FEDERAL-AUDITOR FISCAL)

The government expects Brazil's inflation rate to be

(A) 1.7%
(B) 2.4%
(C) 5.5%
(D) 13%
(E) 18.75%

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO
:
O governo espera que a taxa de inflação do Brasil seja
(A) 1.7%
(B) 2.4%
(C) 5.5%
(D) 13%
(E) 18.75%
 TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:
• "[...] The bank's monetary policy committee reduced its overnight lending rate (Selic) by 25 basis points to 18.75 per cent. It said the reduction was "compatible with the convergence of the inflation rate to its target". The government's year-end inflation target is 5.5 per cent." 
•  O comitê de política monetária do banco reduziu sua taxa overnight de empréstimos (Selic) em 25 pontos base para 18,75%. Ele disse que a redução foi "compatível com a convergência da taxa de inflação para o seu alvo". A meta de inflação de fim de ano do governo é de 5,5 por cento.

19 – (ESAF-2002-RECEITA FEDERAL-AUDITOR FISCAL)

The phrase "last year's power crisis" (line 24) refers to

(A) domestic political problems in 2001.
(B) the effects on the world of the September 11 attacks.
(C) regional political problems in South America.
(D) changes in the government in 2001.
(E) the shortage of electricity in Brazil in 2001.

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO
:
A frase "last year's power crisis" (crise de energia do ano passadorefere-se a
(A) domestic political problems in 2001. problemas políticos internos em 2001.
(B) the effects on the world of the September 11 attacks. 
os efeitos no mundo dos ataques de 11 de setembro.
(C) regional political problems in South America. 
problemas políticos regionais na América do Sul.
(D) changes in the government in 2001. 
mudanças no governo em 2001.
(E) the shortage of electricity in Brazil in 2001
a escassez de energia elétrica no Brasil em 2001.
 TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:
• "[...] it could help accelerate a recovery in consumer confidence, which has been battered by last year's power crisis and Argentina's economic turmoil." 
•  Poderia-se ajudar a acelerar a recuperação da confiança dos consumidores, que foi prejudicada pela crise de energia do ano passado e pela turbulência econômica da Argentina.
➭ POWER CRISE - contextualmente é CRISE DE ENERGIA e não "crise de poder político".

20 – (ESAF-2002-RECEITA FEDERAL-AUDITOR FISCAL)

The writer comments that the interest rate cut may

a)  be too modest to stimulate real growth in the Brazilian economy.
b)  please business people and gain support for the government.
c)  help Brazil to overcome a forecast of negative GDP growth.
d)  assist the economy to overcome the effect of the year's elections.
e)  leave inflation-adjusted interest rates at an extremely low level.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO
:
O escritor comenta que o corte da taxa de juros pode ...
*Item (a) incorreto: ser muito modesto para estimular o crescimento real da economia brasileira.
*Item (b) CORRETO: agradar as pessoas de negócios e ganhar apoio para o governo.
*Item (c) incorreto: ajudar o Brasil a superar uma previsão de crescimento negativo do PIB.
*Item (d) incorreto: ajudar a economia a superar o efeito das eleições do ano.
*Item (e) incorreto: deixar as taxas de juros ajustadas pela inflação em um nível extremamente baixo.

 TEXTO 2:
Mountain of 90's Debt Looms as City and State Feel Pinch
By RICHARD PÉREZ-PEÑA and JAMES C. McKINLEY Jr.

New Yorkers say their region stands alone in all sorts of ways.  But few citizens of this sprawling city and state know it is the undisputed leader in an undesirable arena: government debt.
            
New York City and New York State are far and away the largest debtors in the nation, outside the federal government. The city has $42 billion in loans outstanding, and the state has $38 billion. No one else is even close, the State of California running a distant third, at $25 billion.
           
Now, as New York navigates the narrow fiscal straits brought on by recession and the Sept. 11 attack, and surpluses have given way to yawning deficits, those debts loom larger, fiscal monitors say. The state and city each spend about $4billion a year on debt payments, limiting the money available to weather a crisis without cutting essential services or resorting to fiscal gimmicks that push today's costs onto future generations.
            
In announcing his budget plan last week, Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg proposed that the city take on even more debt, $1.5 billion, to help cover a $4.7 billion budget gap. That would mean selling bonds to cover day-to-day expenses, somethingthe city has not done since the fiscal crisis of the 1970's.
            
Mr. Bloomberg acknowledged that doing so was an extraordinary step, and all but pleaded with bond-rating agencies to accept the tactic, promising that borrowing to reduce coming years' deficits would not become an annual tool. The mayor also wants to refinance some debt, to reduce the interest payments over the next several years to get through this tough stretch.
            
Borrowing money can play an important, valued role in government — one accepted by even the most conservative critics — when it is used to pay for high-cost, long-lasting assets like bridges, railroads and power plants that would other wise take decades to buy. The question, then, is not whether to borrow, but to what degree.

 TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 2:
Mountain of 90's Debt Looms as City and State Feel Pinch
A montanha de dívida da década de 90 agiganta-se enquanto a cidade e o estado sentem apertos
By RICHARD PÉREZ-PEÑA and JAMES C. McKINLEY Jr.

New Yorkers say their region stands alone in all sorts of ways. Os nova-iorquinos dizem que sua região é isolada em todos os aspectos.

But few citizens of this sprawling city and state know it is the undisputed leader in an undesirable arena: government debt. Mas poucos cidadãos desta cidade e estado em expansão sabem que ela é a líder indiscutível numa área indesejável: a dívida pública.

New York City and New York State are far and away the largest debtors in the nation, outside the federal government. A cidade de Nova York e o estado de Nova York são, de longe, os maiores devedores do país, fora do governo federal.

The city has $42 billion in loans outstanding, and the state has $38 billion. A cidade tem US$ 42 bilhões em empréstimos pendentes e o estado tem US$ 38 bilhões.

No one else is even close, the State of California running a distant third, at $25 billion. Ninguém mais está nem perto disso, com o Estado da Califórnia ocupando um distante terceiro lugar, com US$ 25 bilhões.
           
Now, as New York navigates the narrow fiscal straits brought on by recession and the Sept. 11 attack, and surpluses have given way to yawning deficits, those debts loom larger, fiscal monitors say. Agora, enquanto Nova Iorque navega pelas estreitas dificuldades fiscais provocadas pela recessão e pelo ataque de 11 de Setembro, e os excedentes deram lugar a enormes défices, essas dívidas avultam ainda mais, dizem os monitores fiscais.

The state and city each spend about $4 billion a year on debt payments, limiting the money available to weather a crisis without cutting essential services or resorting to fiscal gimmicks that push today's costs onto future generations. O estado e a cidade gastam, cada um, cerca de 4 mil milhões de dólares por ano em pagamentos de dívidas, limitando o dinheiro disponível para enfrentar uma crise sem cortar serviços essenciais ou recorrer a artifícios fiscais que empurrem os custos de hoje para as gerações futuras.
            
In announcing his budget plan last week, Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg proposed that the city take on even more debt, $1.5 billion, to help cover a $4.7 billion budget gap. Ao anunciar o seu plano orçamental na semana passada, o presidente da Câmara Michael R. Bloomberg propôs que a cidade assumisse ainda mais dívidas, 1,5 mil milhões de dólares, para ajudar a cobrir uma lacuna orçamental de 4,7 mil milhões de dólares. 

That would mean selling bonds to cover day-to-day expenses, somethingthe city has not done since the fiscal crisis of the 1970's. Isso significaria vender títulos para cobrir despesas quotidianas, algo que a cidade não fazia desde a crise fiscal da década de 1970.
            
Mr. Bloomberg acknowledged that doing so was an extraordinary step, and all but pleaded with bond-rating agencies to accept the tactic, promising that borrowing to reduce coming years' deficits would not become an annual tool. Bloomberg reconheceu que fazê-lo era um passo extraordinário e quase apelou às agências de notação de obrigações para que aceitassem a tática, prometendo que a contração de empréstimos para reduzir os défices dos próximos anos não se tornaria uma ferramenta anual. 

The mayor also wants to refinance some debt, to reduce the interest payments over the next several years to get through this tough stretch. O prefeito também quer refinanciar algumas dívidas, para reduzir o pagamento de juros nos próximos anos para superar esta fase difícil.
            
Borrowing money can play an important, valued role in government — one accepted by even the most conservative critics — when it is used to pay for high-cost, long-lasting assets like bridges, railroads and power plants that would other wise take decades to buy. O empréstimo de dinheiro pode desempenhar um papel importante e valioso no governo - um papel aceite até pelos críticos mais conservadores - quando é usado para pagar ativos de alto custo e duradouros, como pontes, ferrovias e centrais elétricas que, de outra forma, levariam décadas para comprar.

The question, then, is not whether to borrow, but to what degree. A questão, então, não é se devemos pedir empréstimos, mas até que ponto.

21 – (ESAF-2002-RECEITA FEDERAL-AUDITOR FISCAL)

The text says that, in relation to the level of government debt, most residents of the city and the State are

(A)  shocked by it.
(B)  anxious to settle it.
(C)  prepared to repay it.
(D)  turning a blind eye to it.
(E)  unaware of it.

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO
:
O texto diz que, em relação ao nível da dívida pública, a maioria dos residentes da cidade e do Estado são / estão
a)  shocked by it. chocados com isso.
b)  anxious to settle it. ansiosos para liquidá-la
c)  prepared to repay it. preparados para pagá-la.
d)  turning a blind eye to it. fechando os olhos para ela.
e)  unaware of it
inconsciente disso.
 TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:
• "[...] New Yorkers say their region stands alone in all sorts of ways. But few citizens of this sprawling city and state know it is the undisputed leader in an undesirable arena: government debt." 
•  Os nova-iorquinos dizem que se destacam de muitas maneiras. Mas poucos cidadãos desta extensa cidade e estado sabem que é o líder incontestável em uma arena indesejável: a dívida pública.
➭ 👲 EM OUTRAS PALAVRAS: Os nova-iorquinos se acham os tais, mas não tem ciência da sua DÍVIDA PÚBLICA.

22 – (ESAF-2002-RECEITA FEDERAL-AUDITOR FISCAL)

According to the text, New York City and NewYork State

(A) ought to borrow large sums of money torenew their basic infrastructure.
(B) will need to borrow money to rebuild theeconomy after September 11.
(C) may have to borrow new money to cover their large fiscal deficits.
(D) will be obliged to reduce public services to repay their massive debts.
(E) are the second and third biggest public debtors in the United States.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO
:
De acordo com o texto, a cidade de Nova York e o estado de Nova York
(A) ought to borrow large sums of money torenew their basic infrastructure. deveriam pedir emprestado grandes somas de dinheiro para renovar sua infra-estrutura básica.
(B) will need to borrow money to rebuild theeconomy after September 11. necessitará pegar emprestado dinheiro para reconstruir a economia após o 11 de Setembro.
(C) may have to borrow new money to cover their large fiscal deficitspodem ter que pegar emprestado dinheiro novo (= e novo) para cobrir os seus grandes défices fiscais.
(D) will be obliged to reduce public services to repay their massive debts. serão obrigados a reduzir os serviços públicos para pagar as suas enormes dívidas.
(E) are the second and third biggest public debtors in the United States. 
são o segundo e o terceiro maiores devedores públicos dos Estados Unidos.
 TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:
• "[...] Borrowing money can play an important, valued role in government — one accepted by even the most conservative critics — when it is used to payfor high-cost, long-lasting assets like bridges, railroads and power plants that would other wise take decades to buy. The question, then, is not whether to borrow, but to what degree." 
•  Pegar emprestado dinheiro pode desempenhar um papel importante e valorizado no governo - aceito até mesmo pelos críticos mais conservadores - quando é usado para pagar bens de alto custo e duradouros, como pontes, ferrovias e usinas de energia elétrica que, de outra forma, levariam décadas para comprar . A questão, então, não é a de pegar dinheiro emprestado, mas em que grau.

23 – (ESAF-2002-RECEITA FEDERAL-AUDITOR FISCAL)

In the writer's view the problem is 

(A) not borrowing in itself, but borrowing to cover routine daily spending.
(B) how to sell bonds to finance  special new fiscal gimmicks.
(C) navigating the fiscal straits to roll debt over for future generations.
(D) persuading conservatives that public spendingwill promote recovery.
(E) rebuilding the city's damaged infrastructure inthe aftermath of September 11.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO
:
Na visão do escritor, o problema é
(A) not borrowing in itself, but borrowing to cover routine daily spending. não contrair empréstimos em si, mas contrair empréstimos para cobrir despesas diárias rotineiras.
(B) how to sell bonds to finance  special new fiscal gimmicks. como vender títulos para financiar novos truques fiscais especiais.
(C) navigating the fiscal straits to roll debt over for future generations. a navegação dos estreitos orçamentais para rolar a dívida ao longo de futuras gerações.
(D) persuading conservatives that public spendingwill promote recovery. persuadir/convencer os conservadores de que o gasto público promoverá a recuperação.
(E) rebuilding the city's damaged infrastructure in the aftermath of September 11. 
reconstruir a infra-estrutura danificada da cidade no rescaldo(ou como consequência) de 11 de setembro.
 TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:
• "[...] The question, then, is not whether to borrow, but to what degree." 
•  A questão, então, não é a de pegar dinheiro emprestado, mas em que grau.

24 – (ESAF-2002-RECEITA FEDERAL-AUDITOR FISCAL)

Each year, servicing the huge existing debt costs the City and the State together around

(A) 1.5 billion dollars.
(B) 4 billion dollars.
(C) 4.7 billion dollars.
(D) 8 billion dollars.
(E) 38 billion dollars.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO
:
A cada ano, manter a enorme dívida existente custa à cidade e ao Estado juntos em torno de
a) 1.5 billion dollars.
b) 4 billion dollars.
c) 4.7 billion dollars.
d) 8 billion dollars.
e) 38 billion dollars.
 TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:
• "[...] The state and city each spend about $4 billion a year on debt payments," 
• O estado e a cidade gastam CADA UM cerca de US $ 4 bilhões por ano em pagamentos de dívidas,
👲 QUESTÃO PEGADINHA – Cuidado com o pronome EACH que significa "CADA UM (A)". Portanto se cada um gasta 4 bilhões, o total é 8 bilhões.

25 – (ESAF-2002-RECEITA FEDERAL-AUDITOR FISCAL)

The expression "to weather" a crisis (line 17) means

a)  to avoid a crisis.
b)  to survive a crisis.
c)  to provoke a crisis.
d)  to intensify a crisis.
e)  to succumb to a crisis.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO
:
A expressão "to weather a crisis" (resistir a uma crise) significa
a)  to avoid a crisis. evitar uma crise.
b)  to survive a crisissobreviver uma crise.
c)  to provoke a crisis. provocar uma crise.
d)  to intensify a crisis. intensificar uma crise.
e)  to succumb to a crisis. 
sucumbir a uma crise.
👲 QUESTÃO PEGADINHA – Uso de "weather" como verbo na expressão 
"to weather a crisis" que significa "resistir/sobreviver a uma crise".

 TEXTO 3:

Rating agencies defend their style of analysis—and hedge their bets

            
THE two credit-rating agencies that dominate the business come in for flak from all sides. Investors caught holding Enron's investment-grade bonds as their price sank to below that of junk say that Moody's and Standard & Poor's (S&P) are just toos low to spot companies' declining financial health. Equally, say others, they are just too fast whenthey produce unjustifiably large changes in ratings. Stung by a precipitous downgrade, Tyco, once a high-flying American conglomerate, has had to seek an emergency and very costly refinancing, punishing investors.
            
The agencies use legions of highly trained analysts with access to top management. Their meticulous reports giving ratings for corporate bonds are designed to give an accurate picture of the bonds' riskiness and, ultimately, the probability of default.
            
Lately, rating agencies have struggled to keep up; it seems a bond's rating tells you ever less aboutthe price that investors are willing to pay.
            
In 1997 two-thirds of debt rated triple-B by S&P was priced within 20 basis points (hundredths of a percentage point) of the average bond with the same rating.
           
Since then, the range has widened. Last year credit spreads' standard deviation, a measure of dispersion, had risen more than six fold.

26 – (ESAF-2002-RECEITA FEDERAL-AUDITOR FISCAL)

The task of a credit rating agency is to

(A) downgrade junk bonds as soon as their investors spot them.
(B) catch failing companies fast and denounce them to the public.
(C) estimate the level of risk involved in particular investments.
(D) calculate the effectiveness of companies' top management.
(E) punish investors who do not refinance inemergency situations.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO
:
A tarefa de uma agência de classificação de crédito é
(A) downgrade junk bonds as soon as their investors spot them. rebaixar títulos de alto risco assim que seus investidores os identifiquem.
(B) catch failing companies fast and denounce them to the public. Pegar empresas que estão falindo e denunciá-las ao público.
(C) estimate the level of risk involved in particular investmentsestimar o nível de risco envolvido em investimentos específicos.
(D) calculate the effectiveness of companies' top management. calcular a eficácia da alta administração das empresas.
(E) punish investors who do not refinance inemergency situations. 
punir os investidores que não refinanciam em situações de emergência.
 TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:
• "[...] The agencies use legions of highly trained analysts with access to top management. Their meticulous reports giving ratings for corporate bonds are designed to give an accurate picture of the bonds' riskiness and, ultimately, the probability of default." 
• As agências utilizam legiões de analistas altamente treinados com acesso à alta administração. Os relatórios meticulosos/minuciosos que dão classificações para títulos corporativos são projetados para dar uma imagem precisa/fiel do risco dos títulos e, em última análise, a probabilidade de inadimplência.

27 – (ESAF-2002-RECEITA FEDERAL-AUDITOR FISCAL)

In the case of the Enron company, the two main credit rating agencies

(A) suddenly changed their estimate, causing severe damage.
(B) caught investors illegally holding investment-grade bonds.
(C) allowed share prices to rise unreasonably rapidly.
(D) were apparently unaware of the company's severe problems.
(E) belatedly wanted to dominate the sinking business.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO
:
No caso da empresa Enron, as duas principais agências de classificação de crédito
(A) suddenly changed their estimate, causing severe damage. de repente mudaram sua estimativas, causando danos graves.
(B) caught investors illegally holding investment-grade bonds. pegaram investidores ilegais mantendo/possuindo títulos de grau de investimento.
(C) allowed share prices to rise unreasonably rapidly. permitiram que os preços das ações subissem injustificadamente rapidamente.
(D) were apparently unaware of the company's severe problemsestavam aparentemente não cientes dos graves problemas da empresa.
(E) belatedly wanted to dominate the sinking business. 
tardiamente queria dominar o negócio que estava afundando.
 TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:
• "[...] The two credit-rating agencies that dominate the business come in for flak from all sides. Investors caught holding Enron's investment-grade bonds as their price sank to below that of junk, say that Moody's and Standard & Poor's (S&P) are just too slow to spot companies' declining financial health." 
• As duas agências de classificação de risco de crédito que dominam o negócio RESPONDEM CRÍTICAS de todos os lados. Investidores pegos possuindo títulos de grau de investimento de alto risco especulativo da Enron enquanto seu preço afundava, dizem que a Moody's e a Standard & Poor's (S&P) são lentas demais para detectar a saúde financeira em declínio das empresas.

28 – (ESAF-2002-RECEITA FEDERAL-AUDITOR FISCAL)

The US company Tyco was adversely affected by

(A)  the generalized crisis in the airline industry.
(B)  a sudden downward revision of its credit rating.
(C)  a scam involving too high a credit rating.
(D)  precipitous conglomeration of the market.
(E)  an anti-trust investigation of its corporate size.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO
:
A empresa norte-americana Tyco foi prejudicada por/pela 
a)  the generalized crisis in the airline industry. a crise generalizada na indústria aérea.
b)  a sudden downward revision of its credit ratinguma súbita revisão para baixa de sua classificação de crédito.
c)  a scam involving too high a credit rating. uma fraude envolvendo uma classificação de crédito muito alta.
d)  precipitous conglomeration of the market. conglomeração súbita do mercado.
e)  an anti-trust investigation of its corporate size. 
uma investigação antitruste sobre o tamanho corporativo.
 TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:
• "[...] Stung by a precipitous downgrade, Tyco, once a high-flying American conglomerate, has had to seek an emergency and very costly refinancing, punishing investors." 
• Ferido por um rebaixamento repentino, o conglomerado americano Tyco, uma vez que voou alto, teve que buscar um refinanciamento de emergência e muito caro, punindo os investidores.

29 – (ESAF-2002-RECEITA FEDERAL-AUDITOR FISCAL)

The correlation between the price of a bond and its credit rating is

a) growing less reliable.
b) poor, but improving.
c) strictly accurate.
d) spreading fast.
e) deviously calculable.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO
:
A correlação entre o preço de um TÍTULO e sua classificação de crédito é/está
a) growing less reliableestá cada vez menos confiável.
b) poor, but improving. está ruim, mas melhorando.
c) strictly accurate. é estritamente preciso.
d) spreading fast. está se espalhando rapidamente.
e) deviously calculable. 
é tortuosamente calculável.
 TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:
• "[...] In 1997 two-thirds of debt rated triple-B by S&P was priced within 20 basis points (hundredths of a percentage point) of the average bond with the same rating... Since then, the range has widened. Last year credit spreads' standard deviation, a measure of dispersion, had risen more than six fold." 
• Em 1997, dois terços da dívida avaliada triplo-B pela S & P foi fixado em 20 pontos base (centésimos de ponto percentual) do vínculo médio com a mesma classificação ... Desde então, a faixa ampliou-se. O desvio padrão dos spreads de crédito do ano passado, uma medida de dispersão, aumentou mais de seis vezes.

👨 Segundo o texto, a credibilidade diminui 6 vezes , em 1997 uma empresa classificada BBB(triple-B) apresentava 20$ de variação, em contrapartida, hoje, a variação aumentou 6 vezes o que caracteriza menos confiável a avaliação.

30 – (ESAF-2002-RECEITA FEDERAL-AUDITOR FISCAL)

Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?

(A) The names of the two main credit rating companies.
(B) The need to assess the likelihood of acompany’s default.
(C) Reasons for criticizing credit rating companies.
(D) The sharp decrease in value of Enron shares.
(E) The exact number of credit ratings analysts at work.

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO
:
Qual das alternativas a seguir não é mencionada no texto?
(A) The names of the two main credit rating companies. Os nomes das duas principais empresas de classificação de crédito.
(B) The need to assess the likelihood of acompany’s default. A necessidade de avaliar a probabilidade de inadimplência da empresa.
(C) Reasons for criticizing credit rating companies. Razões para criticar as empresas de classificação de crédito.
(D) The sharp decrease in value of Enron shares. A diminuição acentuada do valor das Ações da Enron.
(E) The exact number of credit ratings analysts at work
O número exato de analistas de classificação de crédito no trabalho.

CESPE–2002– CÂMARA DOS DEPUTADOS – ANALISTA LEGISLATIVO – LÍNGUA INGLESA – CONCURSO PÚBLICO – PROVA COM GABARITO.

Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESACESPE–2002–CÂMARA DOS DEPUTADOS–ANALISTA LEGISLATIVO, aplicação em 28/09/2002.

➧ BANCA/ORGANIZADOR: CESPE/UnB.
 PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA: 07 Questões do tipo (C) ou (E).

➧ GABARITO:


01-EECCC, 02-EECCC, 03-CEECC, 04-EECCE
05-CCEEC,  06-CCEEE, 07-CECEE


➧ TEXT I: questions 01 through 05.

Since independence Brazil has experimented with almost every possible electoral system: single and multimember districts, and proportional representation with various formulas. Only the so-called mixed systems are yet to be tried. Election day is always a national holiday. Until 1965 national and state elections were held on October 3, but the military moved the date to November 15 (Day of the Republic, a military holiday). The constitution of 10 1988 re-established October 3 (ninety days before the inauguration of executive-branch elected officials) for the first round of voting, and November 15 for runoff elections when needed.

Brazilian election laws are very complex and detailed. The law requires that all candidates who hold executive positions resign six months before the election. No “write-in” candidacies are allowed; only candidates officially presented by a registered political party may participate. Parties choose their candidates in municipal, state, or national conventions. Although the legislation does not recognize party primaries officially, on occasion they have been used informally.

Voting is considered both a right and a duty in Brazil; thus registration and voting are compulsory between the ages of eighteen and seventy. Illiterates vote, but their voting registration card identifies their status, and they sign the voting list with a fingerprint on election day. The 1988 constitution lowered the voting age, permitting sixteen- and seventeen year-olds to vote on a voluntary basis. In 1994 these young voters (who cannot legally drink or drive) totalled 2,132,190 (2.2% of the electorate). For these reasons, turnouts for all elections in Brazil are very high, usually more than 85%. At certain times, voters have cast blank and void ballots as a means of protest, especially in 1970, when the military oppression was at its height.

Internet: <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy>. Access in 5/Aug./2002 (with adaptations)

01
. (
CESPE-2002-CÂMARA DOS DEPUTADOS-ANALISTA LEGISLATIVO)

As stated in text I,

1 Brazil has already experienced every single electoral system but one.
2 October 3rd has always been a Brazilian national holiday.
3 for more than twenty years elections in Brazil were held on November 15th.
4 Brazilian election laws cannot be considered lax.
5 lowering the voting age may have accounted for a high turnout at elections.

02. (CESPE-2002-CÂMARA DOS DEPUTADOS-ANALISTA LEGISLATIVO)

In relation to text I, it is correct to affirm that in Brazil

1 extra names can be added to the list of candidates when voting.
2 party primaries are sometimes officially recognized. 3 voting is not universally compulsory.
4 election day was changed from October 3 to November 15 during the military regime.
5 illiterate people have the right to vote.

03. (CESPE-2002-CÂMARA DOS DEPUTADOS-ANALISTA LEGISLATIVO)

It can be inferred from text I that

1 not all candidates have to quit their posts if they want to be re-elected.
2 very few Brazilian voters have already participated in three consecutive presidential elections.
3 the Brazilian electorate amounts to less than 90 million people.
4 casting blank ballots is the way many voters use to show their political disagreement.
5 every candidate must belong to a political party.

04. (CESPE-2002-CÂMARA DOS DEPUTADOS-ANALISTA LEGISLATIVO)

From the sentences included in lines 24 to 31 of text I,

it can be inferred that Brazilian citizens

1 must register, although, in accordance with the law, they may choose not to vote.
2 are exempted from voting if they can prove they are not officially registered.
3 not only have the right to vote but also legal obligation.
4 past the age of seventy do not have to vote.
5 may give up their right to vote at any time.

05. (CESPE-2002-CÂMARA DOS DEPUTADOS-ANALISTA LEGISLATIVO)

In the sentence "Illiterates vote, but their voting registration card identifies their status"(R.26-28),

the underlined word may be correctly replaced by

1 however.
2 nevertheless.
3 inasmuch as.
4 despite.
5 though

➧ TEXT II: questions 06 and 07.

Congress has always considered __(A)__ to norms of behavior such as courtesy and reciprocity to be critical to collective policymaking. These forms of behavior, which in recent years have come to be referred to as “comity”, have been understood to __(B)__ “both standards of behavior for members and the mutual respect of the two chambers for each others’ prerogatives”. During debate in the House, comity is to be preserved through the establishment, observance, and the enforcement of standards of decorum. These standards are __(C)__ in House rules, related sections of Jefferson’s Manual, the House’s precedents, and “announced policies” of the Speaker. The rules of the House also provide the chair and individual members with a range of mechanisms for enforcing decorum in floor debate. This report examines the standards governing decorum in House debate and discusses the different procedures available for enforcing them. Examples of alleged breaches of decorum during 103rd – 105th Congresses are provided to illustrate the use of these enforcement procedures, and the interpretation of decorum standards through the chair’s rulings, admonitions and responses to parliamentary inquiries.

At the beginning of a daily session of the House, the Speaker may appoint a majority party representative to preside in the Speaker’s absence as Speaker pro tempore. When the House resolves itself into the Committee of the Whole, the Speaker appoints a majority party representative to preside as chairman during consideration of a particular measure. In this report, the term “chair” refers to the presiding Representative in both the House and the Committee of the Whole. Though this report focuses on House floor debate, the House’s rules and precedents for decorum in debate generally apply as well in committees and subcommittees.

Internet:<http://www.house.gov/rules/98-572.pdf>
(with adaptations).

06
. (
CESPE-2002-CÂMARA DOS DEPUTADOS-ANALISTA LEGISLATIVO)

Judge if the words or expressions listed in each item below can correctly fill in the corresponding spaces left in text II.

1 (A)adherence  (B)include  (C)set out
2 (A)faithfulness  (B)encompass  (C)set forth
(A)respect  (B)deny  (C)established
4 (A)following  (B)contain  (C)fixed
5 (A)adhesion  (B)encounter  (C)determined

07. (CESPE-2002-CÂMARA DOS DEPUTADOS-ANALISTA LEGISLATIVO)

From text II, it can be conveyed that

1 during the 103rd – 105th Congresses there were instances of lack of decorum.
2 never has there been any kind of rule breaking.
3 the majority party representative can act as chairman in some particular cases.
4 the House may not be separated into its constituent parts.
5 the Committee of the Whole operates under formal rules.

terça-feira, 6 de janeiro de 2015

UEL–PR–VESTIBULAR–2014–2ª FASE–LÍNGUA INGLESA–GABARITO, TEXTOS TRADUZIDOS & AQUISIÇÃO DE VOCABULÁRIO.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑  PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
  • UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE LONDRINA-
    VESTIBULAR-PROVA DISCURSIVA (2ª FASE)-2014.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
  • 04 Questions.

PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO

 TEXTOLeia o texto a seguir.

The Greatest Place to Be a Martian: Australia?
  • May 31, 2013.
Would Martians feel at home in Australia? Recent research has proven that if Martians took a holiday to Australia they might feel more at home than you’d think. Associate Professor Patrice F. Rey (University of Sydney) has recently exposed a unique set of attributes suggesting that the Australian red centre could be a close analogue for the surface of the red planet – and how this unusual weathering has led to the formation of Australia’s opals. Precious opal, Australia’s national gemstone, has been mined from the red dirt of central Australia for over a century. Its formation at shallow depths, and why it can be found in central Australia – yet hardly anywhere else on Earth – has remained a mystery. In this recent paper published in the Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, Associate Professor Patrice Rey, from the University’s School of Geosciences, explains that the formation of Australian opal was due to an extraordinary episode of acidic weathering during the drying out of the central Australian landscape that followed the regression of the Eromanga Sea 100 million years ago. On Earth, regional acidic weathering is rare. Interestingly, acidic oxidative weathering has been documented at the surface of Mars, which shares an intriguing set of attributes with the Great Artesian Basin. These attributes include similar sandstones, a long episode of drying out leading to the formation of clay and opaline silica, and last but not least the same surface colour. This latest research suggests that the Australian red centre could well be the best regional terrestrial analogue for the surface of the red planet. Could it be that Australia may be home to Martians in the not too distant future?
  • (Adaptado de: <http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/05/130531105229.htm>. Acesso em: 2 jun. 2013.)
 TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO:
The Greatest Place to Be a Martian: Australia?
O melhor lugar para ser um marciano: Austrália?
Would Martians feel at home in Australia?
Os marcianos se sentiriam em casa na Austrália?
Recent research has proven that if Martians took a holiday to Australia they might feel more at home than you’d think.
Pesquisas recentes provaram que se os marcianos tirassem férias na Austrália, eles poderiam se sentir mais em casa do que você imagina.
Associate Professor Patrice F. Rey (University of Sydney) has recently exposed a unique set of attributes suggesting that the Australian red centre could be a close analogue for the surface of the red planet – and how this unusual weathering has led to the formation of Australia’s opals.
O professor associado Patrice F. Rey (Universidade de Sydney) expôs recentemente um conjunto único de atributos sugerindo que o centro vermelho australiano poderia ser um análogo próximo da superfície do planeta vermelho – e como esse desgaste incomum levou à formação das opalas da Austrália. 
Precious opal, Australia’s national gemstone, has been mined from the red dirt of central Australia for over a century.
A opala preciosa, a pedra preciosa nacional da Austrália, vem sendo extraída da terra vermelha da Austrália central por mais de um século.
Its formation at shallow depths, and why it can be found in central Australia – yet hardly anywhere else on Earth – has remained a mystery. In this recent paper published in the Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, Associate Professor Patrice Rey, from the University’s School of Geosciences, explains that the formation of Australian opal was due to an extraordinary episode of acidic weathering during the drying out of the central Australian landscape that followed the regression of the Eromanga Sea 100 million years ago.
Sua formação em profundidades rasas, e por que ela pode ser encontrada na Austrália central – mas dificilmente em qualquer outro lugar na Terra – continua sendo um mistério. Neste artigo recente publicado no Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, o professor associado Patrice Rey, da Escola de Geociências da Universidade, explica que a formação da opala australiana foi devido a um episódio extraordinário de intemperismo ácido durante a secagem da paisagem da Austrália central que se seguiu à regressão do Mar de Eromanga há 100 milhões de anos.
On Earth, regional acidic weathering is rare.

Interestingly, acidic oxidative weathering has been documented at the surface of Mars, which shares an intriguing set of attributes with the Great Artesian Basin.
Na Terra, o intemperismo ácido regional é raro. Curiosamente, o intemperismo oxidativo ácido foi documentado na superfície de Marte, que compartilha um conjunto intrigante de atributos com a Grande Bacia Artesiana. 
These attributes include similar sandstones, a long episode of drying out leading to the formation of clay and opaline silica, and last but not least the same surface colour.
Esses atributos incluem arenitos semelhantes, um longo episódio de secagem que leva à formação de argila e sílica opalina e, por último, mas não menos importante, a mesma cor da superfície.
This latest research suggests that the Australian red centre could well be the best regional terrestrial analogue for the surface of the red planet.
Esta última pesquisa sugere que o centro vermelho australiano pode muito bem ser o melhor análogo terrestre regional para a superfície do planeta vermelho.
Could it be that Australia may be home to Martians in the not too distant future?
Poderia ser que a Austrália possa ser o lar de marcianos em um futuro não muito distante?

01 – (UEMG-VESTIBULAR-2014-2ª FASE) 

a) Explique por que, segundo o texto, os marcianos se sentiriam “em casa” na Austrália.
b) Cite 3 características apresentadas no texto que sustentam a pesquisa conduzida pelo Professor Patrice Rey.

👍 EXPECTATIVA DE RESPOSTA  (A) 
  • Os Marcianos se sentiriam em casa na Austrália, porque a região central da Austrália, cujo solo é de coloração avermelhada, seria a região terrestre mais parecida com a superfície de Marte.
>> TRECHO que confirma a resposta:
  • "Associate Professor Patrice F. Rey (University of Sydney) has recently exposed a unique set of attributes suggesting that the Australian red centre could be a close analogue for the surface of the red planet".
  • O professor associado Patrice F. Rey (Universidade de Sydney) expôs recentemente um conjunto único de atributos que sugerem que o centro vermelho australiano pode ser um análogo próximo da superfície do planeta vermelho.
👍 EXPECTATIVA DE RESPOSTA  (B) 
  • A superfície da Austrália e a superfície de Marte possuem várias características similares como, por exemplo, rochas, um episódio de seca prolongado que levou à formação de argila e de sílica, e a mesma cor da superfície. Tais características são resultantes de episódios de corrosão ácida que são extremamente raros na Terra e que têm sido documentados na superfície de Marte.
>> TRECHO que confirma a resposta:
  • "[...] it can be found in central Australia – yet hardly anywhere else on Earth” (...)
  • "[...] the formation of Australian opal was due to an extraordinary episode of acidic weathering” (...)
  • "[...] On Earth, regional acidic weathering is rare. Interestingly, acidic oxidative weathering has been documented at the surface of Mars, which shares an intriguing set of attributes with the Great Artesian Basin."
 INSTRUÇÃOLeia o textos a seguir.

Texto I

Language carries culture, and culture carries, particularly through orature and literature, the entire body of values by which we come to perceive ourselves and our place in the world. How people perceive themselves affects how they look at their culture, at their politics and at the social production of wealth, at their entire relationship to nature and to other beings. Language is thus inseparable from ourselves as a community of human beings with a specific form and character, a specific history, a specific relationship to the world.
(Ngugi Wa Thiong’o) (GREENBLATT, S. et al. The Norton Anthology. English literature. 8.ed., v.2. 2005. p.2538.)

Texto II: Listen Mr. Oxford Don

Me not no Oxford don
Me a simple immigrant
From Clapham Common
I didn’t graduate
I immigrate
But listen Mr. Oxford don
I’m a man on de run
And a man on de run
Is a dangerous one
I ent have no gun
I ent have no knife
but mugging de Queen’s English
In the story of my life
I dont need no axe
  • (Jhon Agard) (Disponível em: <http://year11protestpoetry.wikispaces.com/ Listen+Mr+Oxford+don>. Acesso em: 23 set. 2013.)
02 – (UEMG-VESTIBULAR-2014-2ª FASE) 

Com base na leitura do texto I, explique a relação entre o eu lírico e a Língua Inglesa no poema. Justifique com exemplos do texto II.

👍 EXPECTATIVA DE RESPOSTA   
  • A relação que o eu lírico estabelece com a Língua Inglesa é de alguém que não pertence àquela cultura (Me not no Oxford don / (...) I immigrate), mas que ao mesmo tempo não se submete a ela (I’m a man on de run / And a man on de run / Is a dangerous one). 
  • Ele escolhe “roubar a língua”, apropriando-se do inglês e usando-o à sua maneira (but mugging de Queen’s English / In the story of my life).
  • Isso pode ser percebido pelo uso de estruturas do inglês não padrão.
 INSTRUÇÃOLeia o texto a seguir.

What is love?

What is love? And what causes it? A University professor, Charles Zastrow, offers an interesting answer, particularly to the second question. He argues that there are many kinds of love and that particularly in one kind, which he calls “romantic love” we are strongly influenced not so much by what we actually feel, but by what we tell ourselves about the way we feel. He calls this “self-talk”. For example, say a woman is strongly attracted to a man (it could just as easily happen to a man attracted to a woman). She tells herself things like: “He is all I have ever wanted in a man! He’s warm, kind and affectionate and will understand all my needs”. But when she discovers that he is, like all of us, just an ordinary human being with both strong and weak points, she is bitterly disappointed.

Zastrow says that particularly in romantic love, our “self-talk” comes from “intense, unsatisfied desires and frustrations”, and that this kind of “romantic love” often requires distance. “The more forbidden the love, the stronger it becomes. The more the effort necessary to be with each other (traveling long distances) or the greater the frustration (loneliness and sexual needs), the more intense the romance”. 

He points out that this kind of love often begins to fade and die as soon as the problems and obstacles which separated the two people are removed and a normal relationship begins.

He contrasts romantic love with what he calls “rational love.” This is based on such thing as: an accurate, objective idea of the other person’s weakness as well as his or her strengths; the ability to communicate with each other openly and honestly, so that you can deal with problems as they arise; the ability to show affection openly to each other and to give as well as receive; a clear knowledge of your own goals in life; a realistic and rational “self-talk”, so that your feelings are not based on fantasy.

This kind of love is far more likely to lead to a lasting satisfying relationship. But it is, as Zastrow and others point out, much more difficult to achieve, and is not as common as romantic love.
  • Adaptado de: <http://www.isabelperez.com/select/whatislove.htm>. Acesso em: 7 jun. 2013.)
03 – (UEMG-VESTIBULAR-2014-2ª FASE) De acordo com o texto, compare as características do “amor romântico” e do “amor racional”.

👍 EXPECTATIVA DE RESPOSTA   

>>AMOR ROMÂNTICO:
  • No "amor romântico", a pessoa amada é idealizada como perfeita, o que resulta em desapontamentos, conforme o trecho:
  • "[...] But when she discovers that he is, like all of us, just an ordinary human being with both strong and weak points, she is bitterly disappointed.”
  • (Mas quando ela descobre que ele é, como todos nós, apenas um ser humano comum com pontos fortes e fracos, ela fica extremamente desapontada.).
  • Outra característica do amor romântico é que quanto maior os obstáculos para a realização desse amor, mais intenso é o romance, conforme o trecho:
  • "[...] The more forbidden the love, the stronger it becomes. The more the effort necessary to be with each other (traveling long distances) or the greater the frustration (loneliness and sexual needs), the more intense the romance.”
  • (Quanto mais proibido o amor, mais forte ele se torna. Quanto maior o esforço para estar com o outro (viajar longas distâncias) ou quanto maior a frustração (solidão e necessidades sexuais), maior e mais intenso é o romance.).
  • Além disso, é caracterizado pelo “self-talk”, ou seja, a pessoa apaixonada se convence do que sente.
>>AMOR NACIONAL:
  • O amor racional se baseia em uma visão mais realista da pessoa amada com seus pontos fortes e fracos, em um diálogo aberto e em uma relação com objetivos claros e bem determinados e sem fantasias, conforme o trecho:
  • "[...] an accurate, objective idea of the other person’s weakness as well as his or her strengths; the ability to communicate with each other openly and honestly (...) so that your feelings are not based on fantasy"
  • uma ideia precisa e objetiva das fraquezas da outra pessoa assim como seus pontos fortes; a habilidade de comunicar-se aberta e honestamente (...) para que seus sentimentos não sejam baseados em fantasia.
 INSTRUÇÃOLeia o anúncio a seguir.

  • (Disponível em: <http://www.redcmarketing.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/DIVA-magazine-press-ad_F.jpg>. Acesso em: 12 jul. 2013.)

04 – (UEMG-VESTIBULAR-2014-2ª FASE) 

a) Um dos objetivos do texto é divulgar um evento. Responda que evento é esse, onde e quando ele acontece.
b) Estabeleça a relação entre a imagem veiculada, o nome da organização e a frase "Save future generations of girls from hating their bodies".

👍 EXPECTATIVA DE RESPOSTA  A 
  • É um encontro internacional.
  • Acontece no Royal Festival Hall em Londres
  • No dia 4 de março.
👍 EXPECTATIVA DE RESPOSTA  B 
  • O nome da organização Species Endangered faz referência às campanhas de animais em extinção e estabelece a relação com o slogan “Save future generations of girls from hating their bodies.”(Salve as futuras gerações de mulheres de odiarem seus corpos.)
  • “Save future generations of girls from hating their bodies.”, no sentido de se posicionar contra a subordinação da mulher a um padrão de beleza.
  • O pressuposto subjacente à propaganda é de que as mulheres não se sentem satisfeitas com seus corpos e buscam por padrões de beleza impostos.
  • A associação da figura com o bebê feliz com seu corpo e o questionamento "Is this the happiest she'll ever be about her appearance?"(Isso é o mais feliz que ela vai se sentir com sua aparência?) questionam o futuro do “filhote” que está em extinção para fazer analogia com o fato de que o que está em extinção é a mulher feliz com seu próprio corpo.

CESPE-2002 – CHESF –TÉCNICO DE NÍVEL A – LÍNGUA INGLESA – CONCURSO PÚBLICO – COMPANHIA HIDRELÉTRICA DO SÃO FRANCISCO –PROVA COM GABARITO.

Welcome back to another post!


➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESACESPE-2002-CHESF-TÉCNICO DE NÍVEL A, aplicação em 26/05/2002.

➧ BANCA/ORGANIZADORCESPE-Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisa em Avaliação e Seleção e de Promoção de Eventos.

 PADRÃO / COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA: 05 questões.

➧ GABARITO:


01-E, 02-D, 03-A, 04-B, 05-C


➧ TEXTO IText LI-I – questions 01 through 03.

The priority environmental concerns in the San Francisco River Basin (SFRB) are thought to include soil loss, and contamination by organic pollutants and heavy metals, which will be systematically identified and quantified through the activities of this project. The SFRB is a very complex area, in which development has occurred in a historically haphazard and sectored manner, with relatively little integrated planning, and within a relatively weak institutional framework. This has resulted in a less than optimal use of its water resources and degradation of the coastal zone, the root causes of which will be identified during the conduct of this project. Large stretches of river have been regulated, altering natural river flows that coincided with fish spawning periods. In addition, flow modifications have affected the deposition of sediments, nutrients and other contaminants in the system, altered erosion and deposition patterns, accelerated land degradation, and modified the delivery of nutrients to the lower reaches of the basin and the coastal zone. As a consequence, significant modifications in the freshwater, estuarine and marine fauna and flora have occurred. Serious environmental problems identified in the upper sub-basin include the direct discharge of untreated municipal effluents, and industrial and mining effluents containing heavy metals and cyanides. In addition, there is widespread use of agro-chemicals, and deforestation is occurring on a large scale due to the demand for charcoal and the clearing of land for agricultural use and mining.

Internet:<http://www.oas.org/usde/sanfrancisco. htm> (with adaptations)

01
 – (CESPE-2002-CHESF-TÉCNICO DE NÍVEL A)

It can be deduced from text LI-I that

(I) three main factors will be dealt with in the mentioned project.

(II) the SFRB has been systematically cared for, in a duly identified sectored way.

(III) the use of SFRB water has been optimized for many years now.

(IV) the SFRB needs more integrated planning.

(V) it is necessary to strengthen the SFRB institutional framework.

The only true items are

(A) I and II.
(B) I and V.
(C) II and III.
(D) III and IV.
(E) IV and V.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(I) three main factors will be dealt with in the mentioned project.
(II) the SFRB has been systematically cared for, in a duly identified sectored way.
(III) the use of SFRB water has been optimized for many years now.
(IV) the SFRB needs more integrated planning.
(V) it is necessary to strengthen the SFRB institutional framework.

02 – (CESPE-2002-CHESF-TÉCNICO DE NÍVEL A)

It can be concluded from text LI-I that

(A) the root cause of degradation has already been identified.
(B) the deposition of sediments has been removed.
(C) nutrients have contaminated the system.
(D) flow modifications have brought about some undesirable effects on the SFRB.
(E) never before had there been any land degradation.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
It can be concluded from text LI-I that
(A) the root cause of degradation has already been identified.
(B) the deposition of sediments has been removed.
(C) nutrients have contaminated the system.
(D) flow modifications have brought about some undesirable effects on the SFRB.
(E) never before had there been any land degradation.

03 – (CESPE-2002-CHESF-TÉCNICO DE NÍVEL A)

From text LI-I, it can be deduced that

(I) freshwater and marine floras have been markedly affected.

(II) municipal liquid waste has caused considerable environmental problems.

(III) industrial effluents are now under control.

(IV) the presence of cyanides has been detected in the lower sub-basin.

(V) the wide use of agro-chemicals is not so spread as it was thought to be.

The only true items are

(A) I and II.
(B) I and V.
(C) II and III.
(D) III and IV.
(E) IV and V.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(I) freshwater and marine floras have been markedly affected.
(II) municipal liquid waste has caused considerable environmental problems.
(III) industrial effluents are now under control.
(IV) the presence of cyanides has been detected in the lower sub-basin.
(V) the wide use of agro-chemicals is not so spread as it was thought to be.

➧ TEXTO IIText LI-II – questions 04 and 05.

Brazilian Nile, river of the national integration, old Chico, River of the Corrals. Regardless of the way it is called in the several regions it runs through, the San Francisco River is celebrating 500 years of discovery. When the navigator Americo Vespucio discovered the river in October 4th 1501, he did not know that it was the beginning of miscellaneous costumes, beliefs, people, arts and legends that are inextricably linked to the Brazilian History. After five centuries, the level of degradation that the river is found portrays the way the country administrates its natural resources that, although in abundance, may end one day.

The San Francisco River, which has an extension 2.7 thousand km2 , runs through five Brazilian states: Minas Gerais, Bahia, Pernambuco, Alagoas and Sergipe, from its spring in São Roque de Minas, down to the river mouth in the Atlantic Ocean, at the border of Sergipe and Alagoas states. There are more than 500 cities served by the river basin where 14 million people live, a population larger than that of many countries like Cuba, Sweden, Chile and Paraguay.

Internet: <http:www.ecolatina.com.br/ambientec/
ed04-english/int-chico.html> (with adaptations).

04
 – (CESPE-2002-CHESF-TÉCNICO DE NÍVEL A)

The San Francisco River

(I) can be compared to another river.

(II) was discovered in the 15th century.

(III) played an important role in the Brazilian History.

(IV) represents an incomprehensible mixture in the Brazilian culture.

(V) abundance may never end.

The only true items are

(A) I and II.
(B) I and III.
(C) II and IV.
(D) III and V.
(E) IV and V.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
The San Francisco River
(I) can be compared to another river.
(II) was discovered in the 15th century.
(III) played an important role in the Brazilian History.
(IV) represents an incomprehensible mixture in the Brazilian culture.
(V) abundance may never end.

05 – (CESPE-2002-CHESF-TÉCNICO DE NÍVEL A)

From text LI-II, it can be deduced that

(A) the San Francisco River runs through the most important Brazilian states.
(B) the San Francisco runs along the border of five Brazilian different states.
(C) more people live within the SFRB than in some countries.
(D) the San Francisco River flows from north to south of Brazil.
(E) there are lots of other totally Brazilian rivers as long as the San Francisco River.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
From text LI-II, it can be deduced that
(A) the San Francisco River runs through the most important Brazilian states.
(B) the San Francisco runs along the border of five Brazilian different states.
(C) more people live within the SFRB than in some countries.
(D) the San Francisco River flows from north to south of Brazil.
(E) there are lots of other totally Brazilian rivers as long as the San Francisco River.