sábado, 7 de novembro de 2015

EFOMM PS 2008 – LÍNGUA INGLESA – ESCOLA DE FORMAÇÃO DE OFICIAIS DA MARINHA MERCANTE

  • Texto – Australian Maritime College | Text taken from the Internet |
  • 20 Multiple Choice Questions Five-Option Question |

❑ TEXTO:

Australian Maritime College
Faculdade Marítima Australiana
(Resumo, Sumário)
[1º Parágrafo]
The ethnic and linguistic make-up of international seafarers has undergone some profound 
changes over the past half century or so.
A composição étnica e lingüística dos marítimos internacionais "passou por algumas mudanças profundas"[sofreu algumas mudanças profundas] ao longo do último meio século ou mais.

[2º Parágrafo]
It is a fact that the learning of English as a second language comes easier to some than to others. 
É fato que o aprendizado do inglês como segunda língua é mais fácil para alguns do que para outros.

There is clearly the factor of personal language learning aptitude, but other aspects play a role also.
Existe claramente o fator de aptidão pessoal para o aprendizado de idiomas, mas outros aspectos também desempenham um papel.

If the linguistic background of a person lies in the Teutonic language branch then he or she will generally have little difficulty in grasping English relatively fast.
Se o histórico linguístico de uma pessoa estiver no ramo da língua teutônica, ela geralmente terá pouca dificuldade em compreender o inglês relativamente rápido.

More challenging is the learning of the tongue for someone from one of the other five branches of the Indo-European languages such as Indian, Persic, Celtic, Graeco-Latin or Slavonic.
Mais desafiador é o aprendizado da língua para alguém de um dos outros cinco ramos das línguas indo-européias, como indiano, persa, celta, greco-latino ou eslavo.

Harder still is the acquisition of English for persons whose mother tongue belongs to the families of Altaic, Sino-Tibetan or Afro-Asiatic languages.
Mais difícil ainda é a aquisição do inglês para pessoas cuja língua materna pertence às famílias das línguas altaica, sino-tibetana ou afro-asiática.

[3º Parágrafo]
Where the usage of a codified language – as in the "Standard Maritime Communication Phrases (SMCP)" – is concerned such fundamental differences may seem of little consequence as phrases are short and simple in terms of language structure.
No que diz respeito ao uso de uma linguagem codificada - como nas "Frases Padrão de Comunicação Marítima (SMCP)" - essas diferenças fundamentais podem parecer de pouca importância, pois as frases são curtas e simples em termos de estrutura de linguagem.

However, even here pronunciation remains a serious problem with some speakers from a NESB, non-English-speaking background.
No entanto, até aqui, a pronúncia continua sendo um problema sério com alguns falantes de NESB, que não falam inglês.

More importantly, miscommunication can occur due to the fact that language is not just a code.
Mais importante, a falta de comunicação pode ocorrer devido ao fato de que a linguagem não é apenas um código.

Communication is embedded within culture and therefore culturally orientated.
A comunicação está inserida na cultura e, portanto, culturalmente orientada.

This paper is trying to shed some light on the difficulties and problems some learners of English are confronted with and to what degree seafarers of different ranks should be competent in the four linguistic skills.
Este artigo está tentando lançar alguma luz sobre as dificuldades e problemas com os quais alguns alunos de inglês se deparam e até que ponto os marítimos de diferentes níveis devem ser competentes nas quatro habilidades linguísticas.
  • (Text taken from the Internet)
01 – The word therefore on line 15 can be replaced by:
(A) unless
(B) even though
(C) even if
(D) hence
(E) however
•   Gabarito  D  
The word therefore on line 15 can be replaced by:
A palavra "therefore"(portanto) pode ser substituída por:
(A) unless 
a menos que
(B) even though 
embora
(C) even if 
mesmo que
(D) hence 
portanto
(E) however 
no entanto
>> JUSTIFICATIVAS SEMÂNTICA E CONTEXTUAL
• "THEFORE"(consequently, so, thus, as a result, hence) no trecho:
• "[...] Communication is embedded within culture and therefore culturally orientated."
 A comunicação está inserida na cultura e, portanto, é culturalmente orientada.

02 – According to the text, we apprehend that the author:
(A) has not considered time an important element in learning English.
(B) believes that some aspects interfere the seafarers’ language learning process.
(C) has defined language as just a code.
(D) mentions that personal language learning aptitude is the only factor taken into account in learning English as a second language.
(E) refers to SMCP as being a very complex system.
•   Gabarito  B  
According to the text, we apprehend that the author:
De acordo com o texto, apreendemos que o autor:
(A) has not considered time an important element in learning English. 
>> INCORRETA: não considerou o tempo um elemento importante na aprendizagem do inglês.
>> Afirmativa (A) não alinhada com o trecho que a apresenta a expressão temporal "relatively fast":
• "[...] If the linguistic background of a person lies in the Teutonic language branch then he or she will generally have little difficulty in grasping English relatively fast."
• Se o histórico linguístico de uma pessoa estiver no ramo da língua teutônica[teutão, língua germânica], ela geralmente terá pouca dificuldade em compreender o inglês relativamente rápido.
(B) believes that some aspects interfere the seafarers’ language learning process. 
>> CORRETA: acredita que alguns aspectos interferem no processo de aprendizagem do idioma pelos marítimos, tais como, o fator composição étnica e lingüística dos marítimos internacionais, o fato que o aprendizado do inglês é mais fácil para alguns do que para outros; o fator de aptidão pessoal e principalmente a questão da pronúncia dos falantes, conforme o trecho:
• "[...] However, even here pronunciation remains a serious problem with some speakers from a NESB, non-English-speaking background.
• No entanto, até aqui, a pronúncia continua sendo um problema sério com alguns falantes de NESB, que não falam inglês."
definiu a linguagem apenas como um código.
>> Não é "as just a code" e sim "is not just a code", conforme o trecho:
• "[...] More importantly, miscommunication can occur due to the fact that language is not just a code.
• Mais importante, a falta de comunicação pode ocorrer devido ao fato de que a linguagem não é apenas um código.
(D) mentions that personal language learning aptitude is the only factor taken into account in learning English as a second language. 
menciona que a aptidão pessoal para aprender a língua é o único fator levado em consideração na aprendizagem do inglês como segunda língua.
>> Não é "is the only factor" e sim "but other aspects play", conforme o trecho:
• "[...] There is clearly the factor of personal language learning aptitude, but other aspects play a role also."
• Existe claramente o fator de aptidão pessoal para o aprendizado de idiomas, mas outros aspectos também desempenham um papel.
(E) refers to SMCP as being a very complex system.
refere-se ao SMCP como sendo um sistema muito complexo.
>> O autor considera as frases do SMCP como curta e simples e portanto não muito complexas, conforme o trecho: 
• "[...] Where the usage of a codified language – as in the "Standard Maritime Communication Phrases (SMCP)" – is concerned such fundamental differences may seem of little consequence as phrases are short and simple in terms of language structure.
• No que diz respeito ao uso de uma linguagem codificada - como nas "Frases Padrão de Comunicação Marítima (SMCP)" - essas diferenças fundamentais podem parecer de pouca importância, pois as frases são curtas e simples em termos de estrutura de linguagem.

03 – The word embedded on line 15 means:
(A) dislodged
(B) refused
(C) rooted
(D) remained
(E) disturbed
•   Gabarito  C  
The word embedded on line 15 means:
- A palavra embedded (incorporada, embutida, embarcada, integrada, inserida, embebida, incrustada, enraizada) significa:
(A) dislodged 
desalojada, deslocada, solta, removida.
(B) refused 
recusado, negado, rejeitado, indeferido, recusou, negou.
enraizada, arraigada, alicerçada, fundamentada.
- The deeply rooted habits
(D) remained 
permanecida, permaneceu, ficou, continuou
(E) disturbed 
perturbado, incomodado, interrompido, conturbado.

>> FRASE CONTEXTUAL:
 "[...] Communication is embedded within culture and therefore culturally orientated."
• A comunicação está inserida na cultura e, portanto, culturalmente orientada.

04 – David had better _________ his study habits if he hopes to be admitted to a good university.
(A) change
(B) to change
(C) changing
(D) have changed
(E) changed
•   Gabarito  A  
  • David had better change his study habits if he hopes to be admitted to a good university.
  • É melhor David mudar seus hábitos de estudo se espera ser admitido em uma boa universidade.
(A) change
(B) to change
(C) changing
(D) have changed
(E) changed
>> FRASE CONTEXTUAL:
 "[...] David had better change his study habits if he hopes to be admitted to a good university."
• É melhor David mudar seus hábitos de estudo se espera ser admitido em uma boa universidade.
➽ REGRAS DE GRAMÁTICA:
>> "HAD BETTER" segue BASE FORM, ou seja, o infinitivo sem o “to”:
• Subject + had better + Base Form + …
• Subject + had better not Base Form + …
(1) ‘d better (after "subject" or "I, You, He, She, We, You, They")
(2) Base Form é o infinitivo sem o “to”:
(3) NEGATIVA FORM: had better not ("better" comes before "not").
➽ Why do we use "had better"?:
(1) "Had better" expresses "advice to do something", and means "would find it wiser or more suitable".

05 – Caren has a strange look. She seems to live on ________ frozen meals.
(A) bad-prepare
(B) recent-cooking
(C) old-make
(D) new-preparing
(E) ready-made
•   Gabarito  E  
  • Caren has a strange look. She seems to live on ready-made frozen meals.
  • Caren tem uma aparência estranha. Ela parece viver de refeições congeladas prontas.
mal preparadas
(B) recent-cooking 
recém-preparadas
(C) old-make 
antigas, refeições preparadas e consumidas em épocas passadas, com foco em culinárias e hábitos alimentares de períodos históricos. 
(D) new-preparing 
recém-preparadas
(E) ready-made 
prontas, pré-fabricadas, já feitas.
>> "Ready-made meals" significa refeições prontas. São refeições que já foram preparadas e estão prontas para serem consumidas, geralmente após um breve aquecimento.

06 – 
"How come Bob argued with the waiter? The food _______ awful."
(A) had better be
(B) should have been
(C) can be
(D) must have been
(E) ought to be
•   Gabarito  D  
• "How come Bob argued with the waiter? The food must have been awful."
• Por que Bob "discutiu com o" garçom? A comida deve ter sido horrível[terrível].
(A) had better be
(B) should have been
(C) can be
(D) must have been
(E) ought to be

>> "Must Have + Past Participle" é uma estrutura modal perfeita usada para expressar deduções lógicas sobre eventos passados, ou seja, se dissermos “must have” com um particípio passado, isso expressa suposição, por exemplo:
  • Oh no, I’ve lost my keys againI must have dropped it somewhere.
  • Ah, não, perdi as chaves outra vez. Devo tê-lo deixado cair em algum lado.
  • No contexto da frase da questão, o narrador deduz que a comida não estava boa e foi por isso que Bob discutiu com o garçon.
  • Sendo assim, na lacuna cabe a estrutura modal "must have been" (OPÇÃO D) que é empregada para expressar deduções lógicas sobre eventos passados:
  • How come Bob argued with the waiter? The food must have been awful.
  • OUTRO EXEMPLOS com "must + have + past participle":
  • "It must have been love, But it's over now, It must have been good, But I lost it somehow"(https://www.letras.mus.br/roxette/34458/traducao.html)
  • Deve ter sido amor, mas acabou agora, deve ter sido bom, mas de alguma forma perdi-o
  • Detalhe importante: A expressão idiomática "HOW COME" substitui “WHY” e rejeita os verbos auxiliares (do/did) na pergunta.
>> DEMAIS OPÇÕES INCORRETAS:
(A) had better be (Empregada em contexto para aconselhar alguém a fazer algo, pois pode haver consequências negativas se não o fizer.)
  • You had better be on time.
  • Seria melhor você ser pontual. 
(B) should have been (Empregada para expressar crítica ou arrependimento em relação ao passado)
  • I got a bad grade in the test. I should have studied harder.
  • Tirei uma nota ruim no teste. Eu deveria ter estudado mais.
(C) can be (ideia de possibilidade no presente)
  • He can be drunk. (now)
  • He can have been drunk. (in the past)
(E) ought to be (Empregada para expressa expectativa de que algo deve acontecer)
  • Ought he to be here this early?
  • Ele deveria estar aqui tão cedo?) 
  • You ought not to drink if you are going to drive.
  • Você não deve beber se for dirigir.
07 – In: "We were a bit worried about the new manager because we heard that she liked to run a tight ship.", the expression in bold means: 'to be well ...'
(A) organized
(B) disposed
(C) received
(D) placed
(E) educated
•   Gabarito  A  
In: "We were a bit worried about the new manager because we heard that she liked to run a tight ship.", the expression in bold means: 'to be well ...'
In: "Ficamos um pouco preocupados com a nova gerente porque ouvimos dizer que ela gostava de gerenciar de forma rigorosa.
A expressão em negrito significa: 'estar bem...'
(A) organized 
organizado, estruturado, ordenado.
(B) disposed 
disposto, propenso.
If you are disposed to do something, you are willing or eager to do it. (Se está disposto a fazer algo, está disposto ou ansioso para fazê-lo.)
(C) received 
recebido, acolhido, obtido, aceito.
(D) placed 
colocada, posicionada.
- She placed her name on the list of volunteers.
educada, instruída.
a well educated woman.
the most highly educated prime minister.
>> "to run a tight ship" - to exercise a close, strict control over a ship's crew, a company, organization, or the like. (gerir um navio com firmeza - exercer um controlo rigoroso e próximo sobre a tripulação de um navio, uma companhia, organização ou algo semelhante)(https://www.collinsdictionary.com/pt/dictionary/english/run-a-tight-ship)
>>
08 – 
The invention of the elevator by Elinsha Gray transformed architecture. If Elinsha hadn't invented the elevator, skyscrapers ____________ have been built.
(A) mustn't
(B) might
(C) should
(D) can
(E) wouldn't

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    E  
ESTRUTURA DO "PERFECT MODAL"(wouldn't have + Past Participle) empregado em contexto para expressar que algo não teria sido desejável ou bom.
>> SENTENÇA TEXTUAL:
  • The invention of the elevator by Elinsha Gray transformed architecture. If Elinsha hadn't invented the elevator, skyscrapers wouldn't have been built.
  • A invenção do elevador por Elinsha Gray transformou a arquitetura. Se Elinsha não tivesse inventado o elevador, os arranha-céus não viriam ser construídos.
>> EXPLICAÇÃO:
  • Contextualmente, o narrador expressa que os arranha-céus não viriam ser construídos se Elinsha não tivesse inventado o elevador.
  • Portanto, na lacuna cabe o modal ""wouldn't (OPÇÃO E) que é parte integrante da estrutura "wouldn't have been built" que é empregada em contexto para expressar que algo não teria sido desejável ou bom. (É utilizada na terceira condicional do inglês):
  • If Elinsha hadn't invented the elevator, skyscrapers wouldn't have been built.
  • OUTRO EXEMPLO com "wouldn't have been":
  • wouldn't have been able to do it if they'd known.
  • Eu não teria conseguido fazer isso, se eles soubessem.
>> DEMAIS OPÇÕES INCORRETAS:
(A) mustn't 
(B) might 
(C) should 
(D) can

09 – The problem ______ discussed by the board of directors when it was proposed again by the supervisors.
(A) had already
(B) is already
(C) had already been
(D) has already
(E) has already been

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - "PAST PERFECT PASSIVE FORM"(had + been + past participle + by + agent) → Empregado em contexto para expressar que algo já havia sido feito por alguém em algum momento do passado:
>> SENTENÇA TEXTUAL:
  • The problem had already been discussed by the board of directors when it was proposed again by the supervisors.
  • O problema já havia sido discutido pelo conselho de administração quando foi novamente proposto pelos supervisores.
>> EXPLICAÇÃO:
  • Estrutura 1(dada na sentença): was proposed (Past Simple in Passive Voice).
  • Estrutura 2(requerida contextualmente): had already been discussed by the board of directors (PAST PERFECT PASSIVE FORM).
  • AGENTE DA PASSIVA = The board of directors.
  • Portanto, na lacuna, cabe a estrutura (OPÇÃO C) que é parte integrante Past Perfect Passive Form:
  • The problem had already been discussed by the board of directors when it was proposed again by the supervisors.
>> OUTROS EXEMPLOS:
  • The show had been seen by him before.
  • A apresentação tinha sido vista por ele antes.
  • A new lesson had been taught by the teachers before the day ended.
  • Uma nova matéria tinha sido ensinada pelos professores antes do dia acabar.
  • By the time you got here, he had been taken to the station by the police.
  • A hora que você chegou aqui, ele já tinha sido levado para a delegacia pela polícia.
>> DEMAIS OPÇÕES INCORRETAS:
(A) had already
(B) is already
(D) has already
(E) has already been

10 – 
The lecture we've attended was not good. It was quite ______, and the audience was ______.
(A) amusing / amused
(B) bored / boring
(C) amused / amusing
(D) boring / bored
(E) interesting / interested

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - USO CONTEXTUAL DE ADJETIVO PARTICIPIAL (ou Particípio com valor de Adjetivo):
The lecture we've attended was not good. It was quite boring, and the audience was bored.
A palestra que assistimos não foi boa. Foi muito chata e a platéia ficou entediada.
(A) amusing / amused
(B) bored / boring
(C) amused / amusing
(D) boring / bored
(E) interesting / interested

JUSTIFICATIVA SEMÂNTICA E CONTEXTUAL:
  • 1º ADJETIVO (com terminação '-ing', porque o contexto exige um adjetivo descrever algo que é entediante)boring (chato, sem graça, entediante). 
  • 2º ADJETIVO (com terminação '-ed', porque o contexto exige um adjetivo que descreve alguém que está se sentindo entediado.)bored (chateado, sem graça, entediado).
➭ BORING - ENTEDIANTE.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org
/dictionary/english/boring?q=BORING
➭ BORED - ENTEDIADO.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/
dictionary/english/bored?q=BORED

11 – At the cafeteria Susan offers Lucy something to drink.
  • Susan: "Would you like ______tea?"
  • Lucy: "Yes, please."
(A) some
(B) any
(C) many
(D) much
(E) little

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
 At the cafeteria Susan offers Lucy something to drink.
  • Susan: "Would you like some tea?"
  • Lucy: "Yes, please."
(A) some (SOME  sugere uma quantidade normal, não ilimitada.)
(B) any
(C) many
(D) much
(E) little


❑ TEXTOChoose the best answer in questions (12) to (15) to complete the blanks in the text below:

"The __(12) __ convention regulating and preventing marine pollution __(13) __ ship is the IMO International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating __(14) __ (MARPOL 73/78.) It __(15) __ accidental and operational oil pollution as well as pollution by chemicals, goods in packaged form, sewage, garbage and air pollution".

12 – (EFOMM-2008-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

(A) so important as
(B) important than
(C) more important
(D) as important as
(E) most important

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - USO DO SUPERLATIVO "The most + adjetivo longo":
  • The most important convention regulating and preventing marine pollution ...
(A) so important as
(B) important than
(C) more important
(D) as important as
(E) most important

>> O superlativo em inglês é usado para destacar uma qualidade de um objeto ou pessoa em relação a um grupo, ou seja, para afirmar que algo ou alguém é "o mais".
>> Com adjetivo longo (acima de 7 letras), use "the most" (o mais) ou "the least" (o menos).

13 – (EFOMM-2008-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

(A) to
(B) by
(C) in
(D) on
(E) at

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
  • "The most important convention regulating and preventing marine pollution by ship is the IMO International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships,
  • A convenção mais importante que regula e previne a poluição marinha por navios é a Convenção Internacional da OMI para a Prevenção da Poluição por Navios,
(A) to
(B) by
(C) in
(D) on
(E) at

14 – (EFOMM-2007/2008-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

(A) so as to
(B) therefore
(C) thereto
(D) so that
(E) in order to

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

15 – (EFOMM-2007/2008-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

(A) covers
(B) may cover
(C) should cover
(D) might have covered
(E) had covered

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

16 – (EFOMM-2007/2008-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

In 'We not only missed our plane, we had to spend a night at the airport as well.',

the synonymous sentence to the following statement is:

(A) Not only did we miss our plane, we had to spend a night at the airport too.
(B) We did not miss our plane only, but we also spended a night at the airport.
(C) We only did not missed our plane, we spent a night at the airport too.
(D) We did not only missed our plane, but also we had to spend a night at the airport.
(E) Only we did not miss our plane, we have to spend a night at the airport as well.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

17 – (EFOMM-2007/2008-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

Choose the appropriate synonymous sentence to:

"She seldom goes to conferences now".

(A) She almost goes to conferences now.
(B) She often goes to conferences now.
(C) She hardly ever goes to coferences now.
(D) She regularly goes to conferences now.
(E) She frequently goes to conferences now.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
Escolha a frase sinônima apropriada para:
"She seldom goes to conferences now". Ela raramente vai a conferências agora.
(A) She almost goes to conferences now. Ela quase vai a conferências agora.
(B) She often goes to conferences now. Ela costuma ir a conferências agora.
(C) She hardly ever goes to coferences nowEla quase nunca vai a conferências agora.
(D) She regularly goes to conferences now. Ela vai regularmente a conferências agora.
(E) She frequently goes to conferences now. 
Ela vai frequentemente a conferências agora.

18 – (EFOMM-2007/2008-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

The alternative with the same meaning as "She saw it was raining, so she took an umbrella."

is:

(A) Even though it was raining, she took an umbrella.
(B) She took an umbrella then it was raining.
(C) It was raining and she saw.
(D) Seeing it was raining, she took an umbrella.
(E) It was raining because she took an umbrella.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
A alternativa com o mesmo significado de "She saw it was raining, so she took an umbrella." (Ela viu que estava chovendo, então pegou um guarda-chuva.) é:

(A) Even though it was raining, she took an umbrella. Mesmo chovendo, ela levou guarda-chuva.
(B) She took an umbrella then it was raining. Ela pegou um guarda-chuva então estava chovendo.
(C) It was raining and she saw. Estava chovendo e ela viu.
(D) Seeing it was raining, she took an umbrellaVendo que estava chovendo, ela pegou um guarda-chuva.
(E) It was raining because she took an umbrella. 
Estava chovendo porque ela levou guarda-chuva.

19 – (EFOMM-2007/2008-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

The subordinator although can be used in which sentence?

(A) _____Haiti is a poor country, Canada is very rich.
(B) Carol married Walter. ____, she doesn’t love him.
(C) We understood her ____ her accent.
(D) ____ the rain, my cousins went to the seashore yesterday.
(E) ___ you refuse to admit it, that economic policy is in ruins.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - ALTHOUGH:
-"ALTHOUGH" vem antes de "Sujeito + Verbo de ação":
The subordinator although can be used in which sentence?

(A) _____Haiti is a poor country, Canada is very rich.
(B) Carol married Walter. ____, she doesn’t love him.
(C) We understood her ____ her accent.
(D) ____ the rain, my cousins went to the seashore yesterday.
(E) ___ you refuse to admit it, that economic policy is in ruins.

20 – (EFOMM-2007/2008-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

The word since can be used to appropriately fill in the blank of which sentence below?

(A) She is living here ________ 1997.
(B) They have worked _______ three hours.
(C) I have been staying at this hotel ______ many days before I decided to rent a house.
(D) Frank has worked at this company _______ he moved to San Francisco.
(E) Edward lives in New York ______ he was born.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
The word since can be used to appropriately fill in the blank of which sentence below?

(A) She is living here ________ 1997.
(B) They have worked for three hours. (“For” é usado para expressar um INTERVALO DE TEMPO) 
(C) I have been staying at this hotel for many days before I decided to rent a house. (“For” é usado para expressar um INTERVALO DE TEMPO) 
(D) Frank has worked at this company since he moved to San Francisco. Frank trabalha nesta empresa desde que se mudou para São Francisco. (Since” é expressa um ponto de partida no tempo e é usado com Present Perfect)
(E) Edward lives in New York ______ he was born.

PS – EFOMM 2007 – LÍNGUA INGLESA

PROVA EFOMM 2007 - PROCESSO SELETIVO DE ADMISSÃO ÀS ESCOLAS DE FORMAÇÃO DE OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE
•    LINKS  

  • 20 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
➧ GABARITO:


01-C, 02-C, 03-X, 04-C, 05-C
06-C, 07-B, 08-D, 09-E, 10-C
11-A, 12-D, 13-E, 14-E, 15-C
16-B, 17-B, 18-X, 19-B, 25-D


➧ PROVA:

➧ TEXT : Questions from 1ª to 3ª are based on the text. Mark the correct alternative.

Holiday on the Titanic

In July an expedition will leave St. John, Newfoundland on a voyage to the wreck of the Titanic.

The voyage is organized by Deep Ocean Expeditions, which was founded by Australian adventurer Mike McDowell in 1998. The company owns several deep sea "submersibles" - underwater craft smaller than submarines. This expedition will use a special Russian-owned ship. Its crew has 15 years' experience in deep sea diving expeditions. The ship offers spacious cabins and a top-class chef prepares the meals. The 608-kilometre journey to the Titanic wreck takes two days. During the voyage experts give lectures on marine life and deep sea diving.

Sad and beautiful

At the site of the wreck, the team send radar devices to the bottom of the ocean so the submersibles can navigate around the wreck. The divers spend time in the submersibles to make sure no one suffers from claustrophobia. The dive lasts 10 hours: the submersibles descend 3,600 metres to the bottom of the ocean.

Brigitte Saar made the trip in 2001. She explains what she saw: "Finally we see the old lady: Titanic's starboard side towers in front of the sub. She's sad and beautiful and much bigger than I imagined. After visiting the boat deck we visit the grand staircase. When the chandeliers are visible outside my porthole, I don't know what to feel: panic because the sub is literally stuck, or sadness because in my inner eye I can see elegant people enjoying themselves in their first-class luxury world."

Reservations

Are you a real adventurer? Check out the next scheduled trip with Deep Ocean Expeditions. The cost of a ticket? Around 37,000 US dollars!

For further info: www.deepoceanexpeditions.com
Matéria Publicada na revista Speak Up edição 227 – abril/2006.

01 – (EFOMM-2006/2007-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

The word crew in line 6 means:


(A) a group of tourists
(B) a group of tourists guiders
(C) people working on a ship, plane
(D) family members
(E) a group of friends
 
02 – (EFOMM-2006/2007-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

What we can NOT say about Brigitte Saar impressions of her trip:

(A) Titanic’s wreck was beautiful, but also sad.
(B) She could imagine graceful people having a great time on that ship.
(C) Titanic’s wreck was not as big as she imagined.
(D) Her feelings were confusing.
(E) She was anxious to visit Titanic’wreck.

03 – (EFOMM-2007/2008-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

According to this article, we can say that:


(A) Submarines are used in this expedition.
(B) The trip is long and the dive is short.
(C) People do not have enough experience to a trip like this.
(D) You learn about diving and marine life during the trip.
(E) The ship and submersibles are not comfortable.

04 – (EFOMM-2006/2007-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

'Please, clean the basement, ________ mom will be furious.'


(A) even if
(B) instead of
(C) otherwise
(D) despite
(E) as well as

05 – (EFOMM-PS-2007-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
  • The loan _____back if they hadn't been held up last week.
(A) would have paid
(B) would pay
(C) would have been paid
(D) will have paid
(E) will be paid

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO Conditional Sentence Type 3 & Passive Voice:

>>IF CLAUSE =  if they hadn't been held up ...
>>MAIN CLAUSE = would have been paid 

06 – (EFOMM-2006/2007-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

In,

'This expedition will use a special Russian-owned ship.',

the passive voice is:

(A)A special Russian-owned ship will use by this expedition.
(B) A special Russian-owned ship would use by this expedition.
(C) A special Russian-owned ship will be used by this expedition.
(D)A special Russian-owned ship would be used by this expedition.
(E) A special Russian-owned ship would used by this expedition.

07 – (EFOMM-2006/2007-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

'When the rain started, they waited for a while in the ______ of a large tree.'

(A) shadow
(B) shelter
(C) defence
(D) shade
(E) covert

08 – (EFOMM-2006/2007-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

'We all enjoyed the performance very much, although ______.'

(A) it was really out of this world
(B) the pianist himself was delighted with it
(C) no one disagreed with our opinion
(D) the pianist appeared rather nervous at first
(E) the performance was terrific

09 – (EFOMM-2006/2007-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

'Lucy's brothers earn _____ living working for the government while _____ father earns _____ as a dentist.'

(A) her / her / his
(B) her / their / his
(C) her / their / yours
(D) their / their / yours
(E) their / her / his

10 – (EFOMM-2006/2007-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

'You can tell he drank too much by the way he is ___________.'

(A) striding
(B) strolling
(C) staggering
(D) pacing
(E) swaggering

11 – (EFOMM-2006/2007-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

'David, ____ Mr. Willcox and Mr. Alex ____ the P&O Shipping Company in 1837?' 'That's right. That was the first year.'

(A) did / found
(B) has / found
(C) do / find
(D) does / found
(E) have / founded

12 – (EFOMM-2006/2007-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

'Alan, ________ the lights when you leave the room.'

(A) you always to turn off
(B) always turned off
(C) you always turning off
(D) always turn off
(E) always you turn off

13 – (EFOMM-2006/2007-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

'_____ lemon originated in ______ China and spread south to _____ Malaysian  islands and west to ______ India.'

(A) A / the / the / X
(B) X / X / X / X
(C) The / the / the / the
(D) A / the / X / X
(E) The / X / the / X

14 – (EFOMM-2006/2007-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

'These machines have _____ idle since the factory closed.'
(A) laid
(B) lied
(C) lay
(D) to lay
(E) lain

15 – (EFOMM-2006/2007-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

'The children were shipped off to a boarding school at an early age.' The underlined verb means:

(A) to travel by ship.
(B) to be trained to do something.
(C) to send somebody to a place where they will stay.
(D) to persuade somebody to do something by making them feel ashamed not to do it.
(E) to annoy or upset somebody by continuously asking them questions.

16 – (EFOMM-2006/2007-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

'We should use ____time we have available to discuss John's proposal.'

(A) the much
(B) the little
(C) a few
(D) a little
(E) the little of

17 – (EFOMM-2006/2007-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

'Crowded ____ a lifeboat, Ruth Becker stared ____ disbelief as the luxury liner Titanic slipped ____ the icy Atlantic Ocean.'

(A) in / in / in
(B) in / in / into
(C) on / on / onto
(D) In / on / onto
(E) on / in / into

18 – (EFOMM-2006/2007-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

'The companies are expanding their business and they _____ all the help they can get. So they ____ several people.'

(A) need / are employing
(B) are needing / are employing
(C) needed / are employing
(D) are to need / employed
(E) needing / employ

19 – (EFOMM-2006/2007-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

'In London there are lots of streets with the same name and it's very _____ if you are a tourist. Another problem is that it's a huge place. We walked everywhere on our last trip and we
were ______ at the end of each day. But it's an _______ city, with so much to do.'

(A) confused / exhaust / excited
(B) confusing / exhausted / exciting
(C) confuse / exhausting / exciting
(D) confusing / exhaust / excited
(E) confused / exhausted / excited

20 – (EFOMM-2006/2007-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

'He goes to parties and other occasions without an invitation. He just walks in. He’s a _________.’

(A) chatterbox
(B) jet-setter
(C) wet-blanket
(D) gate-crasher
(E) life and soul of the party