PUC-RIO-2006-Vestibular GRUPOS 1,2 e 3 da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do RJ - Prof° Valdenor Sousa - Prova de INGLÊS com gabarito e Questões Comentadas.

Welcome back to another post!

➧NESTE POST: PROVA de INGLÊS da PUC-RIO-2006-VESTIBULAR-GRUPOS 1,2 e 3, Prova aplicada em 02/12/2005.

➧BANCA/ORGANIZADOR:

• Pontifícia Universidade Católica/RJ.

• http://www.puc-rio.br/vestibular/

➧LEITURA de textos de jornais digitais, revistas, websites, é um excelente treino para a prova.

➧PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA:

• 10 Questões do tipo Multiple Choice (A,B,C,D,E).

➧TÓPICOS ABORDADOS ao longo da prova:

1-VERBS:

• [to analyze(énnóLáiz) = analisar]

• [to fall = decrease = cair, diminuir]

• [members fell by 50% = membros caíram 50%]

2-PHRASAL VERBS - USES:

• [ = ]

3-PERFECT TENSE - USES:

• [there have been fewer members = houve menos membros]

4-MODAL VERBS - USES:

• [could be either one-way = pode ser unilateral]

5-NOUN:

• [owner(õnôr) = proprietor = proprietário]

• [relationships = relacionamentos]

• [users = usuários]

6-ADJECTIVES:

• [designed = projetada, planejada]

• [former = anterior]

• [worldwide = no mundo todo, mundial, global, continental]

7-ADVERBS:

• [loosely = vagamente, ociosamente]

• [necessarily = necessariamente]

8-NOUN PHRASES(Adjective+noun):

• [An email distribution list = Uma lista de distribuição de e-mail]

• [social groups = grupos sociais]

• [strong bond = forte vínculo, ligação forte]

• [the list owner = o proprietário da lista]

• [virtual community = comunidade virtual]

9-IDIOMS(Expressões Idiomáticas):

• [close friends = amigos íntimos]

10-COLLOCATIONS:

• [in some ways = de alguma forma]

• [Last year = No ano passado,]

• [more than half of = mais da metade de]

11-TECHNICAL ENGLISH(Military English, Business English, Finance English and so on):

• [copyright = direito autoral]

12-CONNECTORES AND LINKERS:

• [because of = por causa de (ideia de causa)]

• [despite = apesar de (ideia de contraste)]

• [due to = devido a,  por causa de (ideia de causa)]

• [in addition to = além de (ideia de adição)]

• [instead of = ao invés de (ideia de contraste)]

• [such as = tal como (ideia de exemplificação)]

13-GENITIVE CASE:

• [Orkut's growth = crescimento do Orkut]

14-FALSE COGNATES:

• [ = ]

➧  Agora vamos à PROVA!

• TEXTO 1:

1     

Orkut is a virtual community designed to help users meet new friends and maintain existing relationships. Today, "virtual community" is loosely used and interpreted to indicate a variety of social groups connected in some ways by the Internet. It does not necessarily mean that there is a strong bond among the members. An email distribution list on Star Trek may have close to one hundred members, and the communication which takes place there could be either one-way (the list owner making announcements) or merely informational (questions and answers are posted, but members stay relatively strangers and uninterested to each other). The membership turnover rate could be high. This is in line with the liberal use of the term community. 

2

Similar to Friendster, Orkut goes a step further by permitting "communities" of users. It is also invitation-only: Users must be invited to join the community by someone already there.

3

Orkut was quietly launched on January 22, 2004 by Google, the search engine company. The service was created by Google employee Orkut Büyükkökten, who had developed a similar system, InCircle, for his previous employer, Affinity Engines. InCircle was intended for use by former university students.

4

With regard to copyrights, their terms of service state: "By submitting, posting or displaying any Materials on or through the Orkut.com service, you automatically grant to us a worldwide, non-exclusive, sublicenseable, transferable, royalty-free, perpetual, irrevocable right to copy, distribute, create derivative works of, publicly perform and display such Materials".

5

Originally, the Orkut community was felt to be elite, because its membership is by invitation only. However, at the end of July 2004 Orkut surpassed the 1,000,000 member mark, and at the end of September it surpassed the 2,000,000 mark. As of September 2004, 57% of Orkut's members were from Brazil, followed by 14% from the United States and 6% from Iran. Brazilians were below 50% from August 9 to August 20, 2004. It is believed that this happened because a lot of them changed their nationality to something else due to a rumor that users with their countries set to Brazil got slower speeds and a greater chance of getting an error page.

6

Invitations to Orkut are obtainable, with a few minutes' (or days') worth of diligence, via the web.  

From http://www.whatis.tv/Orkut.html (with slight adaptations)

1. The passage is primarily concerned with:
(A) comparing and contrasting Orkut and InCircle systems.
(B) complaining about the strict copyright laws imposed by Orkut.
(C) justifying why the Orkut community has been decreasing quickly lately.
(D) reporting on the most common subjects discussed by Orkut members.
(E) informing people about the main characteristics of the Orkut community.

• ANSWER (E).

• A passagem se preocupa principalmente com:
(A) comparing and contrasting Orkut and InCircle systems.

• comparar e contrastar os sistemas Orkut e InCircle.

(B) complaining about the strict copyright laws imposed by Orkut.

• reclamar das leis rígidas de direitos autorais impostas pelo Orkut.

(C) justifying why the Orkut community has been decreasing quickly lately.

• justificar porque a comunidade do Orkut tem diminuído rapidamente ultimamente.

(D) reporting on the most common subjects discussed by Orkut members.

• informar sobre os assuntos mais comuns discutidos pelos membros do Orkut.
(E) informing people about the main characteristics of the Orkut community.

• informar as pessoas sobre as principais características da comunidade do Orkut.
2. Mark the only correct statement according to the text.
(A) Only people from higher social classes are allowed to join the Orkut community.
(B) Anyone can join Orkut as long as he gets an invitation from a current member.
(C) Most Brazilian Orkut members must lie about their identities online.
(D) The vast majority of Orkut users consists of university students.
(E) All members of the large Orkut community are close friends.

• ANSWER (B).

• Marque a única afirmação correta de acordo com o texto.
(A) Only people from higher social classes are allowed to join the Orkut community.

• Apenas pessoas de classes sociais mais altas podem entrar na comunidade do Orkut.

• O texto não faz menção sobre restrições quanto à classe social dos membros. O texto expressa que a comunidade Orkut era vista, no início, como elitista devido à necessidade de convite para participar e não devido a classe social propriamente dita.
(B) Anyone can join Orkut as long as he gets an invitation from a current member.

• Qualquer pessoa pode aderir ao Orkut, desde que receba o convite de um membro atual.
(C) Most Brazilian Orkut members must lie about their identities online.

• A maioria dos membros brasileiros do Orkut deve mentir sobre sua identidade online.
(D) The vast majority of Orkut users consists of university students.

• A grande maioria dos usuários do Orkut é formada por estudantes universitários.
(E) All members of the large Orkut community are close friends.

• Todos os membros da grande comunidade do Orkut são amigos íntimos.
3. According to the third paragraph, it is true that:
(A) In January 2004, Orkut was launched with a lot of media coverage.
(B) The search engine Google has been developed by Affinity Engines.
(C) Orkut and InCircle are virtual communities created by the same person.
(D) Orkut Büyükkökten was working for Google when Affinity Engines hired him.
(E) Both Orkut and InCircle were developed for a company named Affinity Engines.

• ANSWER (C).

• De acordo com o terceiro parágrafo, é verdade que:
(A) In January 2004, Orkut was launched with a lot of media coverage.

• Em janeiro de 2004, o Orkut foi lançado com grande cobertura da mídia.

• O texto diz que "Orkut was quietly launched", ou seja, o Orkut foi lançado sem alarde.
(B) The search engine Google has been developed by Affinity Engines.

• O mecansimo de busca Google foi desenvolvido pela Affinity Engines.
(C) Orkut and InCircle are virtual communities created by the same person.

• Orkut e InCircle são comunidades virtuais criadas pela mesma pessoa.
(D) Orkut Büyükkökten was working for Google when Affinity Engines hired him.

• Orkut Büyükkökten estava trabalhando para o Google quando a Affinity Engines o contratou.

• Ao contrário,Orkut Büyükkökten trabalhou primeiro na Affinity Engines e posteriormente na empresa Google.
(E) Both Orkut and InCircle were developed for a company named Affinity Engines.

• Tanto o Orkut quanto o InCircle foram desenvolvidos para uma empresa chamada Affinity Engines.
• InCircle foi desenvolvido para a Affinity Engines e o Orkut foi desenvolvido para a Google.

4. Check the correct statement about Orkut's growth (lines 33-45).
(A) Last year the number of Orkut's members doubled in only two months.
(B) Orkut's communities have almost as many members from Brazil as from the U.S.
(C) Since September 2004 there have been fewer members from the U.S. than from Iran.
(D) Before September 2004 more than half of Orkut's members were Brazilian.
(E) In the year 2004 the number of Brazilian Orkut members fell by 50%.

• ANSWER (A).

• Verifique a afirmativa correta sobre o crescimento do Orkut.
(A) Last year the number of Orkut's members doubled in only two months.

• No ano passado, o número de membros do Orkut dobrou em apenas dois meses.
(B) Orkut's communities have almost as many members from Brazil as from the U.S.

• As comunidades do Orkut têm quase tantos membros do Brasil quanto dos EUA.
(C) Since September 2004 there have been fewer members from the U.S. than from Iran.

• Desde setembro de 2004, houve menos membros dos EUA do que do Irã.
(D) Before September 2004 more than half of Orkut's members were Brazilian.

• Antes de setembro de 2004, mais da metade dos membros do Orkut eram brasileiros.
(E) In the year 2004 the number of Brazilian Orkut members fell by 50%.

• No ano de 2004 o número de membros brasileiros do Orkut caiu em 50%.
5. The only option in which the underlined expression transmits an idea of obligation/necessity is:
(A) "An email distribution list on Star Trek may have close to one hundred members…" (lines 7-8)
(B) "…and the communication which takes place there could be either one-way…or merely informational…" (lines 8-11)
(C) "Users must be invited to join the community by someone already there." (lines 18-19)
(D) "Similar to Friendster, Orkut goes a step further by permitting 'communities of users'. " (line 16-17)
(E) "InCircle was intended for use by former university students ." (lines 24-25)

• ANSWER (C).
Questão aborda o tópico "VERBOS MODAIS" e quer saber qual a opção em que a expressão sublinhada transmite uma ideia de obrigação / necessidade.
* "MAY HAVE" expressa ideia de "possibilidade",logo o item (A) está incorreto.
* "COULD BE" expressa ideia de "possibilidade",logo o item (B) está incorreto.
* "MUST BE" expressa ideia de "dever",logo o item (C) está correto.
* "BY PERMITING" expressa ideia de "permissão",logo o item (D) está incorreto.
* "WAS INTENDED" expressa ideia de "intenção",logo o item (E) está incorreto.   
6. In the sentence "…a lot of them changed their nationality to something else due to a rumor that users with their countries set to Brazil … an error page." (lines 41-45), "due to" can be best substituted by:
(A) in addition to.
(B) because of.
(C) instead of.
(D) such as.
(E) despite.

• ANSWER (B).
• Questão aborda o tópico "MARCADORES DISCURSIVOS" e quer saber qual a opção que transmite a mesma ideia da expressão "due to"(devido a/por causa de). Lembrando,"due to" transmite ideia de "causa". 
* "IN ADDITION TO"(além de) expressa ideia de "adição" e não de "causa",logo item "A" está incorreto.
* "BECAUSE OF"(por causa de) expressa ideia de " "causa",logo item "B" está correto.
* "INSTEAD OF"(ao invés de) expressa ideia de "contraste" e não de "causa",logo item "C" está incorreto.
* "SUCH AS"(tal como) expressa ideia de "exemplificação" e não de "causa",logo item "D" está incorreto.
* "DESPITE"(apesar de) expressa ideia de "contraste" e não de "causa",logo item "E" está incorreto.   
7. Mark the only correct statement.
(A) "It" (line 5) refers to "Internet".
(B) "Which" (line 9) refers to "members".
(C) "Who" (line 23) refers to "Google".
(D) "His" (line 23) refers to "employer".
(E) "Its" (line 34) refers to "community".

• ANSWER (E).
Questão aborda o tópico "RELAÇÃO CORRETA DO PRONOME E O SEU REFERENTE(ANTECEDENTE)".
* O item (A) está incorreto, pois "it" é sujeito da oração"" e não se refere a "Internet".
* O item (B) está incorreto, pois "which" refere-se a "communication" e não se refere a "members".
 * O item (C) está incorreto, pois "who" refere-se a "Orkut Büyükkökten" e não se refere a "Google".
* O item (D) está incorreto, pois "his" refere-se a "Orkut Büyükkökten" e não se refere a "employer".
* O item (E) está correto, pois "its" refere-se a "community".
8. Mark the only option in which the two words ARE NOT synonymous in the text.
(A) former (line 25) - past.
(B) state (line 27) - declare.
(C) worldwide (line 29) - continental.
(D) irrevocable (line 31) - irreversible.
(E) via (line 47) - through.

• ANSWER (C).
• Questão aborda o tópico "SINONÍMIA CONTEXTUALIZADA",ou seja,só interessa sinonímia no contexto e não isoladamente.
* "former"(anterior) e "past"(passado) não são sinônimos na linha 25,portanto item (A) está incorreto.
* "state" e "declare" não são sinônimos na linha 27,portanto item (B) está incorreto.
* "worldwide"(universal) e "continental"(global)  são sinônimos na linha 29,portanto item (C) está correto.
* "irrevocable"(irrevogável) e "irreversible"(irreversível) não são sinônimos na linha 31,portanto item (D) está incorreto.
* "via"(através de) e "through" não são sinônimos na linha 47,portanto item (E) está incorreto.
9. The verb TO GET, used in lines 43-44, is also found in several idiomatic expressions.

Check the item in which the meaning of the expression is correctly described.
(A) Peter just wanted to get back to the computer to chat with his friends. (start)
(B) How am I supposed to get along with members of virtual communities? (meet)
(C) It is difficult to get through this amount of work in such a short time. (analyze)
(D) They used Orkut to get away from their daily routine. (escape)
(E) Melissa still did not get over the shock of splitting with her boyfriend. (win)

• ANSWER (D).
• Questão aborda o tópico "EXPRESSÕES IDIOMÁTICAS COM O VERBO TO GET". e quer saber qual o item em que o significado da expressão está corretamente descrito.

(A) Peter just wanted to get back to the computer to chat with his friends. (start)

• Peter só queria voltar ao computador para conversar com seus amigos.

• "get back"(voltar, retornar) expressa significado diferente de "to start"(iniciar).  
(B) How am I supposed to get along with members of virtual communities? (meet)

• Como devo me relacionar com membros de comunidades virtuais?

• "get along with"(relacionar-se bem, entender-se bem) expressa significado diferente de "to meet"(encontrar).

(C) It is difficult to get through this amount of work in such a short time. (analyze)

• É difícil terminar esta quantidade de trabalho em tão pouco tempo.

• "get through"(terminar, completar) expressa significado diferente de "to analyze"(analisar).

(D) They used Orkut to get away from their daily routine. (escape)

• Eles usaram o Orkut para fugir da rotina diária.

• "get away"(fugir) e "to escape"(escapar, fugir) expressam o mesmo significado.

(E) Melissa still did not get over the shock of splitting with her boyfriend. (win)

• Melissa ainda não superou o choque de se separar do namorado.

• "get over"(recuperar-se, superar) expressa significado diferente de "to win"(ganhar).

10. The passive voice is used in "Orkut was quietly launched on January 22, 2004". Find the sentence that is also in the passive voice.
(A) Communities have never rejected new members.
(B) Good ideas took shape at the end of the session.
(C) Some communities have been able to control their growth.
(D) Several social groups could be connected by the Internet.
(E) Young students are never tired of chatting with friends on email. 

Resposta :  (D)

• Questão que aborda o tópico "VOZ PASSIVA" e quer saber qual item cuja oração contém um verbo na voz passiva.* Item (A) está incorreto pois o verbo está apenas no "present perfect".* Item (B) está incorreto pois o verbo está apenas no "simple past".

* Item (C) está incorreto pois o verbo está apenas no "present perfect".
* Item (D) está correto.
* Item (E) está incorreto pois o verbo está apenas no "simple present",onde "tired" é adjetivo e não particípio passado.

PUC/Rio – 2003 – VESTIBULAR – GRUPOS 1, 2 e 3 - LÍNGUA INGLESA – PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO – PROVA COM GABARITO & TEXTOS TRADUZIDOS..

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: PUC-RIO-2003-VESTIBULAR-09/12/2002.

https://www.puc-rio.br/vestibular/

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

➭ 10 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.

➭ Text (1) – | A FAT NATION | U.S. News & World Report |

➭ Text (2) – | DISCUSSION GROUP GIVES SUPPORT | 

❑ TEXT 1:

A FAT NATION

America's 'supersize' diet is fattier and sweeter - and deadlier.
    

Pretty, dark-haired Katie Young has been successful at most things. She's an excellent student, a star on her softball team, and a good dancer. But like so many Americans - kids and adults alike - the New Orleans 10-year-old struggles with one thing: keeping her weight under control.
     

When Katie started day camp in June, she discovered a snack bar where she could buy pizza, hot dogs, candy, ice cream, chips, soft drinks, and more. "Katie went nuts," says her mother, Judy Young. In the first two weeks of camp, Katie spent nearly $40 on snack foods. "I bought a lot of pizza," Katie says. "And I bought candy and everything. I didn't feel good seeing the other kids eat those things. I wanted them too."
     

Of course she did. Katie was acting on a basic driving force of human biology: Eat whenever food is available and eat as much of it as possible. Throughout most of human history, food was scarce, and getting a hold of it required a great deal of physical energy. Those who ate as many calories as they could were protected against famine and had the energy to reproduce. The problem today, says Kelly Brownell,
director of the Yale Center for Eating and Weight Disorders, is that there's "a complete mismatch" between biology and the environment.
     

America has become a fat nation. More than 61 percent of adults are overweight, and 27 percent of them - 50 million people - are obese, according to a U.S. surgeon general's report released last December. In the next decade, weight-related illnesses threaten to overwhelm the healthcare system.
     

Weight is also taking a heavy toll on the nation's children. The percentage of 6-to-11-year-olds who are overweight has nearly doubled in two decades, and for adolescents the percentage has tripled. Pediatricians are treating conditions rarely before diagnosed in young people. In a recent study of 813 overweight Louisiana schoolchildren, for example, 58 percent had at least one heart disease risk factor, such as high blood pressure or cholesterol. (…)
     

Eating opportunities are endless because food is sold almost everywhere. "Just go back 20 years," says Yale's Brownell. "You never used to find more than a candy counter in a drugstore. Now there are aisles and aisles of food. If you see a gas station that does not have a food store attached, people are afraid to use it. There are food courts in shopping malls. And in the schools, there are vending machines and soft-drink machines - and they aren't selling carrot juice." (…)
     

Obesity has been linked to everything from the decline of the family dinner to the popularity of computers and video games to supersize portions of fast food. But it all comes down to a simple calculation, says University of Colorado nutrition researcher James Hill: "The primary reason America is fat is that we eat too much compared to our activity level."
By Amanda Spake. U.S. News & World Report, Aug. 18, 2002.

❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 1:

A FAT NATION

UMA NAÇÃO DE OBESOS

America's 'supersize' diet is fattier and sweeter - and deadlier.

A dieta “superdimensionada” da América é mais gordurosa e doce – e mais mortal.
    

Pretty, dark-haired Katie Young has been successful at most things.

A bonita Katie Young de cabelos escuros tem tido sucesso na maioria das coisas.

She's an excellent student, a star on her softball team, and a good dancer.

Ela é uma excelente aluna, uma estrela em seu time de softball e uma boa dançarina.

But like so many Americans - kids and adults alike - the New Orleans 10-year-old struggles with one thing: keeping her weight under control.

Mas, como tantos americanos – crianças e adultos – a menina de 10 anos de Nova Orleans luta com uma coisa: manter o peso sob controle.
     

When Katie started day camp in June, she discovered a snack bar where she could buy pizza, hot dogs, candy, ice cream, chips, soft drinks, and more.

Quando Katie começou o acampamento diurno em junho, ela descobriu uma lanchonete onde podia comprar pizza, cachorro-quente, doces, sorvetes, batatas fritas, refrigerantes e muito mais.

"Katie went nuts," says her mother, Judy Young.

“Katie enlouqueceu”, diz sua mãe, Judy Young.

In the first two weeks of camp, Katie spent nearly $40 on snack foods.

Nas primeiras duas semanas de acampamento, Katie gastou quase US$ 40 em salgadinhos.

"I bought a lot of pizza," Katie says.

“Comprei muita pizza”, diz Katie.

"And I bought candy and everything. I didn't feel good seeing the other kids eat those things. I wanted them too."

"E comprava doces e tudo mais. Não me sentia bem vendo as outras crianças comendo essas coisas. Eu também queria."
     

Of course she did. Katie was acting on a basic driving force of human biology: Eat whenever food is available and eat as much of it as possible.

É óbvio que ela comia. Katie estava agindo com base em uma força motriz básica da biologia humana: coma sempre que houver comida disponível e coma o máximo possível.

Throughout most of human history, food was scarce, and getting a hold of it required a great deal of physical energy.

Ao longo da maior parte da história humana, a comida era escassa e obtê-la exigia muita energia física.

Those who ate as many calories as they could were protected against famine and had the energy to reproduce.

Aqueles que ingeriam tantas calorias quanto podiam estavam protegidos contra a fome e tinham energia para se reproduzir.

The problem today, says Kelly Brownell, director of the Yale Center for Eating and Weight Disorders, is that there's "a complete mismatch" between biology and the environment.
O problema hoje, diz Kelly Brownell, diretora do Centro de Distúrbios Alimentares e de Peso de Yale, é que existe “uma incompatibilidade completa” entre a biologia e o meio ambiente.

America has become a fat nation.

Os Estados Unidos tornaram-se uma nação de obesos.

More than 61 percent of adults are overweight, and 27 percent of them - 50 million people - are obese, according to a U.S. surgeon general's report released last December.

Mais de 61 por cento dos adultos têm excesso de peso e 27 por cento deles – 50 milhões de pessoas – são obesos, de acordo com um relatório do cirurgião geral dos EUA divulgado em Dezembro passado.

In the next decade, weight-related illnesses threaten to overwhelm the healthcare system.
Na próxima década, as doenças relacionadas com o peso ameaçam sobrecarregar o sistema de saúde.

Weight is also taking a heavy toll on the nation's children.

O peso também está afetando pesadamente as crianças do país.

The percentage of 6-to-11-year-olds who are overweight has nearly doubled in two decades, and for adolescents the percentage has tripled.

A percentagem de crianças dos 6 aos 11 anos com excesso de peso quase duplicou em duas décadas, e para os adolescentes a percentagem triplicou.

Pediatricians are treating conditions rarely before diagnosed in young people.

Os pediatras estão tratando doenças raramente diagnosticadas em jovens.

In a recent study of 813 overweight Louisiana schoolchildren, for example, 58 percent had at least one heart disease risk factor, such as high blood pressure or cholesterol. (…)
Num estudo recente realizado com 813 crianças com excesso de peso em idade escolar no Louisiana, por exemplo, 58% tinham pelo menos um fator de risco de doença cardíaca, como pressão arterial elevada ou colesterol. (…)

Eating opportunities are endless because food is sold almost everywhere. "Just go back 20 years," says Yale's Brownell.

As oportunidades alimentares são infinitas porque os alimentos são vendidos em quase todos os lugares. “Basta voltar 20 anos”, diz Brownell, de Yale.

"You never used to find more than a candy counter in a drugstore.

“Você nunca encontrava mais do que um balcão de doces em uma drogaria.

Now there are aisles and aisles of food.

Agora existem corredores e corredores de comida.

If you see a gas station that does not have a food store attached, people are afraid to use it.

Se você vir um posto de gasolina que não tem loja de alimentos anexa, as pessoas ficam com medo de usá-lo.

There are food courts in shopping malls.

Existem praças de alimentação em shoppings.

And in the schools, there are vending machines and soft-drink machines - and they aren't selling carrot juice." (…)

E nas escolas há máquinas de venda automática e de refrigerantes - e não vendem suco de cenoura." (…)
     

Obesity has been linked to everything from the decline of the family dinner to the popularity of computers and video games to supersize portions of fast food.

A obesidade tem sido associada a tudo, desde o declínio do jantar em família até a popularidade dos computadores e videogames e porções gigantescas de fast food.

But it all comes down to a simple calculation, says University of Colorado nutrition researcher James Hill: "The primary reason America is fat is that we eat too much compared to our activity level."

Mas tudo se resume a um cálculo simples, diz James Hill, pesquisador de nutrição da Universidade do Colorado: “A principal razão pela qual a América é gorda é que comemos demais em comparação com o nosso nível de atividade”.

By Amanda Spake.

U.S. News & World Report, Aug. 18, 2002.

01 – (PUC/Rio-2003-VESTIBULAR-Grupos 1, 2 e 3)

Check the statement that expresses the central idea of Text 1.
(A) Successful students like Katie Young tend to have a weight-control problem.
(B) In ancient times there was little food available, so people did not put on weight.
(C) The popularity of computers and video games is the chief cause of obesity in America.
(D) Overweight children in the American state of Louisiana suffer from high blood pressure.
(E) Americans of all ages are becoming overweight, which raises the risk of weight-related illnesses.

 👍   Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - IDEIA PRINCIPAL O DO TEXTO:

Check the statement that expresses the central idea of Text 1.

Assinale o enunciado que expressa a ideia central do Texto 1.
(A) Successful students like Katie Young tend to have a weight-control problem.  –  Alunos bem-sucedidos como Katie Young tendem a ter problemas de controle de peso.
(B) In ancient times there was little food available, so people did not put on weight.  –  Antigamente havia pouca comida disponível, por isso as pessoas não engordavam.
(C) The popularity of computers and video games is the chief cause of obesity in America.  –  A popularidade dos computadores e dos videogames são a principal causa da obesidade na América.
(D) Overweight children in the American state of Louisiana suffer from high blood pressure.  –  Crianças com excesso de peso no estado americano de Louisiana sofrem de hipertensão.
(E) Americans of all ages are becoming overweight, which raises the risk of weight-related illnesses.  –  Americanos de todas as idades estão ficando acima do peso, o que aumenta o risco de doenças relacionadas ao peso.

02 – (PUC/Rio-2003-VESTIBULAR-Grupos 1, 2 e 3)

When the author says that America's supersize diet is deadlier (title line) she means that it:
(A) is now more harmful to people's health.
(B) may take away people's physical energy.
(C) will certainly ruin the health care system.
(D) makes people control their weight.
(E) causes people to feel intoxicated.

 👍   Gabarito   A  
TÓPICO - VOCABULARY:

When the author says that America's supersize diet is deadlier (title line) she means that it:

Quando a autora diz que a dieta gigantesca da América está mais mortal (linha do título), ela quer dizer que:
(A) is now more harmful to people's health.  –  agora é mais prejudicial à saúde das pessoas.
(B) may take away people's physical energy.  –  pode tirar a energia física das pessoas.
(C) will certainly ruin the health care system.  –  certamente arruinará o sistema de saúde.
(D) makes people control their weight.  –  faz com que as pessoas controlem o peso.
(E) causes people to feel intoxicated.  –  faz com que as pessoas sintam-se intoxicadas.

➭ DEADLY – MORTAL, MUITO PERIGOSO, susceptível de causar a morte.

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/

dictionary/english/deadly?q=deadlier

➭ HARMFUL – PREJUDICIAL - Smoking is harmful to your

health. - Fumar é prejudicial à saúde.

https://www.ldoceonline.com/

dictionary/harmful

03 – (PUC/Rio-2003-VESTIBULAR-Grupos 1, 2 e 3)
A strategy for reading a text with understanding is to find the plan for the paragraphs. Mark the INCORRECT statement about the function of one (or two) of the paragraphs in Text 1.
(A) Paragraphs 1 and 2 tell a true-life story to introduce the topic of the text.
(B) Paragraph 3 explains human eating habits in the light of biological studies.
(C) Paragraphs 4 focuses on the problem of excess weight among adults in America.
(D) Paragraph 5 shows how the health of U.S. children is becoming affected by obesity.
(E) Paragraphs 6 and 7 condemn the excess of food courts, computers and videogames.

 👍   Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
A strategy for reading a text with understanding is to find the plan for the paragraphs.

Mark the INCORRECT statement about the function of one (or two) of the paragraphs in Text 1.

Uma estratégia para ler um texto com compreensão é encontrar o plano dos parágrafos.

Marque a afirmação INCORRETA sobre a função de um (ou dois) dos parágrafos do Texto 1.
(A) Paragraphs 1 and 2 tell a true-life story to introduce the topic of the text.  –  Os parágrafos 1 e 2 narram uma história de vida real para introduzir o tema do texto.
(B) Paragraph 3 explains human eating habits in the light of biological studies.  –  O parágrafo 3 explica os hábitos alimentares humanos à luz de estudos biológicos.
(C) Paragraphs 4 focuses on the problem of excess weight among adults in America.  –  O parágrafo 4 enfoca o problema do excesso de peso entre adultos nos EUA.
(D) Paragraph 5 shows how the health of U.S. children is becoming affected by obesity.  –  O parágrafo 5 mostra como a saúde das crianças dos EUA está sendo afetada pela obesidade.
(E) Paragraphs 6 and 7 condemn the excess of food courts, computers and videogames.  –  Os parágrafos 6º e 7º condenam o excesso de praças de alimentação, computadores e videogames.

04 – (PUC/Rio-2003-VESTIBULAR-Grupos 1, 2 e 3)
In all the lines below the author presents arguments to justify why America is becoming a fat nation, EXCEPT in:
(A) "In the next decade ... healthcare system." (lines 26-28)
(B) "Eating opportunities ... aisles of food." (lines 37-40)
(C) "There are food courts ... carrot juice." (lines 42-44)
(D) "Obesity has been linked ... fast food." (lines 45-47)
(E) "The primary reason ... activity level." (lines 49-50)

 👍   Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

In all the lines below the author presents arguments to justify why America is becoming a fat nation, EXCEPT in:

Em todas as linhas abaixo o autor apresenta argumentos para justificar porque os EUA estão tornando-se uma nação de obesos, EXCETO em:
(A) "In the next decade ... healthcare system." (lines 26-28) – "Na próxima década... sistema de saúde."
(B) "Eating opportunities ... aisles of food." (lines 37-40) – "Oportunidades para comer... corredores de comida."
(C) "There are food courts ... carrot juice." (lines 42-44) – "Existem praças de alimentação... suco de cenoura."
(D) "Obesity has been linked ... fast food." (lines 45-47) – "A obesidade tem sido associada... ao fast food."
(E) "The primary reason ... activity level." (lines 49-50) – "A razão principal... nível de atividade."

05 – (PUC/Rio-2003-VESTIBULAR-Grupos 1, 2 e 3)
Mark the correct statement concerning reference.
(A) "Them" (line 12) refers to "kids".
(B) "It" (line 16) refers to "food".
(C) "It" (line 42) refers to "food store".
(D) "They" (line 44) refers to "food courts".
(E) "It" (line 47) refers to "fast food".

 👍   Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - REFERÊNCIA PRONOMINAL:

Mark the correct statement concerning reference.

Marque a afirmação correta referente à referência.
(A) "Them" (line 12) refers to "kids".  –  "them" refere-se à "those things" E NÃO à "food".
(B) "It" (line 16) refers to "food".  –  "It" refere-se à "food".
(C) "It" (line 42) refers to "food store".  –  "it" refere-se à "gas station" E NÃO à "food store".
(D) "They" (line 44) refers to "food courts".  –  "they" pode ser entendido como referindo-se tanto a "schools" quanto a "vending and soft-drink machines".
(E) "It" (line 47) refers to "fast food". –  "it" refere-se à toda a ideia expressa no trecho anterior.

06 – (PUC/Rio-2003-VESTIBULAR-Grupos 1, 2 e 3)
In the text, the words "nearly" (line 10) and "rarely" (line 33) could be replaced with, respectively:
(A) "almost" and "seldom".
(B) "over" and "infrequently".
(C) "beyond" and "only now and then".
(D) "approximately" and "quite often".
(E) "exactly" and "almost never".

 👍   Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - SYNONYMS & ADVERBS:

In the text, the words "nearly" (line 10) and "rarely" (line 33) could be replaced with, respectively:

No texto, as palavras “quase” e “raramente” poderiam ser substituídas por, respectivamente:
(A) "almost" and "seldom".  –  “quase” e “raramente”.
(B) "over" and "infrequently".  –  “mais” e “raramente”.
(C) "beyond" and "only now and then".  –  “além” e “só de vez em quando”.
(D) "approximately" and "quite often".  –  “aproximadamente” e “com bastante frequência”.
(E) "exactly" and "almost never".  –  “exatamente” e “quase nunca”.

07 – (PUC/Rio-2003-VESTIBULAR-Grupos 1, 2 e 3)
The author's attitude in relation to the situation described in this article is one of:
(A) optimism.
(B) panic
(C) sarcasm.
(D) concern.
(E) approval.

 👍   Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
The author's attitude in relation to the situation described in this article is one of:

A atitude do autor em relação à situação descrita neste artigo é uma das seguintes:
(A) optimism. – otimismo.
(B) panic – pânico.
(C) sarcasm. – sarcasmo (ironia, escárnio).
(D) concern. – preocupação.
(E) approval. – aprovação.

❑ TEXT 2:

DISCUSSION GROUP GIVES SUPPORT

     

Most international students are in a new culture as well as being new to the University and perhaps new to an independent lifestyle; the International Student and Scholar Service's (ISSS) International Discussion Group creates a setting that makes immersion into the American culture less of a "shock".

The group, started in October, gives international students a chance to talk about amusing or confusing cultural situations, hobbies, homesickness, academic issues, and many other topics, while having the security of  confidentiality.
     

At the start of each meeting, one of the group's leaders brings up a topic for discussion. Then individual members, if they want, discuss that topic relating to themselves and their own culture. The participants can learn from other's experiences and gain insight about their own as they listen and participate in the discussion. "The group is very relaxing", according to one participant, "There aren't any obligations or responsibility involved. It's kind of therapeutic."
     

Groups meet once each week in 111 Nicholson Hall.
Contact one of the leaders for meeting times. Laura Jarrett:
624-1245 or Carol Su: 626-7363.
By Kristin Zibell © 2002. Office of International Programs,University of Minnesota.

❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 2:

DISCUSSION GROUP GIVES SUPPORT

GRUPO DE DISCUSSÃO DÁ APOIO

     

Most international students are in a new culture as well as being new to the University and perhaps new to an independent lifestyle; the International Student and Scholar Service's (ISSS) International Discussion Group creates a setting that makes immersion into the American culture less of a "shock".

A maioria dos estudantes internacionais está em uma nova cultura, além de ser novo na universidade e talvez novo em um estilo de vida independente; o Grupo de Discussão Internacional do International Student and Scholar Service (ISSS) cria um ambiente que torna a imersão na cultura americana menos "choque".

The group, started in October, gives international students a chance to talk about amusing or confusing cultural situations, hobbies, homesickness, academic issues, and many other topics, while having the security of  confidentiality.
O grupo, iniciado em outubro, dá aos estudantes internacionais a oportunidade de conversar sobre situações culturais divertidas ou confusas, passatempos, saudades de casa, questões acadêmicas e muitos outros assuntos, tendo a segurança da confidencialidade.

At the start of each meeting, one of the group's leaders brings up a topic for discussion.

No início de cada reunião, um dos líderes do grupo traz um tema para discussão.

Then individual members, if they want, discuss that topic relating to themselves and their own culture.

Depois, os membros individuais, se quiserem, discutem esse tópico relacionado com eles próprios e com a sua própria cultura.

The participants can learn from other's experiences and gain insight about their own as they listen and participate in the discussion.

Os participantes podem aprender com as experiências dos outros e obter insights sobre as suas próprias enquanto ouvem e participam da discussão.

"The group is very relaxing", according to one participant, "There aren't any obligations or responsibility involved.

“O grupo é muito tranquilo”, segundo um participante, “Não há nenhuma obrigação ou responsabilidade envolvida.

It's kind of therapeutic."
É meio terapêutico."

Groups meet once each week in 111 Nicholson Hall.

Os grupos se reúnem uma vez por semana no 111 Nicholson Hall.

Contact one of the leaders for meeting times. Laura Jarrett:
624-1245 or Carol Su: 626-7363.

Entre em contato com um dos líderes para saber os horários das reuniões. Laura Jarrett:

624-1245 ou Carol Su: 626-7363.

By Kristin Zibell © 2002. Office of International Programs,University of Minnesota

Por Kristin Zibell © 2002. Escritório de Programas Internacionais, Universidade de Minnesota

08 – (PUC/Rio-2003-VESTIBULAR-Grupos 1, 2 e 3)
The author's purpose in this text is to:
(A) announce a university program offered exclusively to native speakers of English.
(B) convince the reader that students are in trouble when living in a foreign culture.
(C) amuse shy foreign students who miss their families and cannot make friends.
(D) criticize the immersion programs offered to immigrants in American universities.
(E) advertise an interesting way of sharing cultural knowledge and values at the university.

 👍   Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - O OBJETIVO DO AUTOR:

The author's purpose in this text is to:

O objetivo do autor neste texto é:
(A) announce a university program offered exclusively to native speakers of English.  –  anunciar um programa universitário oferecido exclusivamente a falantes nativos de inglês.
(B) convince the reader that students are in trouble when living in a foreign culture.  –  convencer o leitor de que os alunos enfrentam problemas quando vivem em uma cultura estrangeira.
(C) amuse shy foreign students who miss their families and cannot make friends.  –  divertir estudantes estrangeiros tímidos que sentem falta da família e não conseguem fazer amigos.
(D) criticize the immersion programs offered to immigrants in American universities.  –  criticar os programas de imersão oferecidos aos imigrantes nas universidades americanas.
(E) advertise an interesting way of sharing cultural knowledge and values at the university.  –  divulgar uma forma interessante de compartilhar conhecimentos e valores culturais na universidade.

09 – (PUC/Rio-2003-VESTIBULAR-Grupos 1, 2 e 3)
Check the only idea which is NOT listed in the text as a reason for joining the International Discussion Group.
(A) Obtaining professional therapeutic support.
(B) Learning about different cultures in the world.
(C) Exchanging ideas on leisure and academic activities.
(D) Enjoying a friendly environment to meet new people.
(E) Minimizing the cultural shock of living in a foreign country.

 👍   Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

Check the only idea which is NOT listed in the text as a reason for joining the International Discussion Group.

Assinale a única ideia que NÃO está listada no texto como motivo para ingressar no Grupo de Discussão Internacional.
(A) Obtaining professional therapeutic support. –  Obtenção de apoio terapêutico profissional.
(B) Learning about different cultures in the world. –  Aprender sobre diferentes culturas no mundo.
(C) Exchanging ideas on leisure and academic activities. –  Troca de ideias sobre atividades de lazer e acadêmicas.
(D) Enjoying a friendly environment to meet new people. –  Desfrutar de um ambiente amigável para conhecer novas pessoas.
(E) Minimizing the cultural shock of living in a foreign country. –  Minimizar o choque cultural de viver num país estrangeiro.

10 – (PUC/Rio-2003-VESTIBULAR-Grupos 1, 2 e 3)
Mark the only option in which the phrasal verb bring up has the same meaning as in "At the start of each meeting, one of the group's leaders brings up a topic for discussion". (lines 10-11)
(A) The kind old couple agreed to bring up the young orphan.
(B) These are matters you can bring up in the committee.
(C) During the voyage he got sick and brought the meal up.
(D) She was properly brought up by her aunt.
(E) He was brought up on a charge of drunken driving.

 👍   Gabarito    B  

TÓPICO - PHRASAL VERB:

Mark the only option in which the phrasal verb bring up has the same meaning as in "At the start of each meeting, one of the group's leaders brings up a topic for discussion". (lines 10-11)

Marque a única opção em que o phrasal verb BRING UP tem o mesmo significado de “No início de cada reunião, um dos líderes do grupo traz à tona um tema para discussão”. (linhas 10-11)
(A) The kind old couple agreed to bring up the young orphan. –  O gentil casal concordou em criar o jovem órfão.
(B) These are matters you can bring up in the committee. –  Esses são assuntos que você pode abordar no comitê. (TO BRING UP - TRAZER À TONA, ABORDAR)
(C) During the voyage he got sick and brought the meal up. – Durante a viagem ele adoeceu e trouxe a refeição.  

(D) She was properly brought up by her aunt. –  Ela foi devidamente criada pela tia dela.

(E) He was brought up on a charge of drunken driving. –  Ele foi acusado de dirigir embriagado.